Bulletin of Science and Practice

8-16

Authors: Ashurova Z., Skorobogatova O.

The work is devoted to the study of the Middle Ob River Chlorophyta plankton (Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug). Previous studies of the Ob River phytoplankton were carried out by Yu. V. Naumenko 30 years ago. The work aim is to assess the species composition and abundance of the Ob River Chlorophyta plankton developing nearby Surgut. Phytoplankton material was collected during the growing season of 2018 nearby Surgut. Research has been by accepted methods conducted. Light microscopy was used for identification, relevant keys and modern international nomenclature changes were used. A Chlorophyta plankton characteristic is given for the studied section of the river: species composition, systematic of the detected species, varieties and forms, characteristics of Classes, Families and Genera. Of 89 identified Algae species, 32 are mentioned for the first time. The Ob River phytoplankton is characterized by autochthonous development with the presence of a large number of single-species Families and Genera characteristic of boreal flora. Two peaks were identified in the development of Chlorophyta cell numbers: in July and September. 6 Algae species have floristically significance in the studied cenosis. Ecologically, planktonic, cosmopolitan species, indifferent to salts and pH value, predominate. According to the saprobiological characteristics, a large proportion of the detected Algae is included in the β-mezosaprobic and α-β-mezosaprobic zones.

24-31

Authors: Mustafayev A.

The aim of the work was to identify a complete floristic list of plants growing in the territory of the Shahdagh National Park. Studies were conducted in the period 2012–2018. Determination of plant species by identifiers and herbarium specimens. Bioecological description of 1603 species of higher plants, 31 species of spore species, 1572 seed species (12 species of Gymnosperms, 1560 Angiosperms, including 294 Monocotyledonous, 1266 species of Dicotyledons) were identified as a result of the research conducted for the first time in the territory of the Shahdagh National Park. For the territory, 6 plant types, 25 formation classes, 72 formations, 99 associations were identified and the main botanical groups forming the vegetation cover were identified. Vegetation of the Shahdagh National Park, on the one hand, is represented by the xerophilous elements of Western Asia, the Mediterranean, Iran, Turan, and on the other is formed by the boreal elements of the Palearctic, Europe, Holarctic, an important role is also played by local indigenous species — the elements of Atropathan and Caucasian type.

44-55

Authors: Bulatov V., Igenbaeva N., Biryukova O., Nanishvili O.

The paper analyzes geological and geophysical materials in order to study the structure of the complex, the composition of rocks and oil and gas Abalak-Bazhenov group of deposits in the region of Western Siberia. The information analysis of sedimentological and hydrodynamic studies of the object is presented. The study is aimed to determine the most promising areas of the Bazhenov–Abalak sediment complex in the territory for the planning of an effective exploration program.

66-69

Authors: Makarov M.

In modern conditions, increasingly used intensive technology of cultivation of field crops. The necessary element of this technology is the use of pesticides. Being in the soil, these chemical sunder various kinds of changes and transformations. The need to study the processes occurring in the soil with the entry of pesticides, the interaction of pesticides with soil biota, as well as the decor position and removal of these chemical elements from the soil, is an important condition for the cultivation of crops on intensive technology.

81-92

Authors: Qian H., Kudashev S., Plotnikov V.

We conducted two sets of experiments, one is under steady-state conditions and the other under pulsating conditions. We focused on measuring the heat transfer characteristics of plate heat exchangers under different pulsation conditions. In the experiment, we control the mass flow of the hot fluid to circulate at a rate of 0.722 kg/s. The mass flow rate of the cold fluid is 0.05-0.18 kg/s, and the pulsation frequency is 0.45-2.23 Hz. We measured different mass flows at different pulsation frequency. The data analysis shows that when the pulsation frequency is 1.78 Hz, the heat transfer coefficient reaches a maximum of 4415.73 w/(m2·k), and the corresponding cold fluid mass flow rate is 0.155 kg/s, and compared with the heat transfer characteristics of the plate heat exchanger under steady flow, it is found that the average increase in the heat transfer coefficient during the transition to the pulsating mode was 20%.

100-106

Authors: Shvaiba D.

In recent years, the financial and economic recovery increasingly rests on the problems of development of the transport network and energy. The measures are taken in recent years, including the reform of monopolies, have not led to a significant increase in investment in these segments of the economy. To some extent, this is due to the lack of institutional criteria to ensure the openness of their work, as well as control over the effective expenditure of funds. In order to resolve these tasks, the Government of the Republic of Belarus will implement measures aimed at the subsequent implementation of institutional reforms and stimulating the pace of financial and economic recovery. We need urgent measures aimed at improving the institutional system, including the creation of accurate and clear ‘rules of the game’ for all subjects, ensuring an increase in the confidence of all subjects of financial, economic and political activity in the Belarusian society. The previously mentioned instruments of the mechanism of ensuring the socio–economic security of Belarus form a strong base for the continuation of sustainable development for the long term. In addition, in order to stimulate financial and economic growth, it is necessary to implement tax policy, which is obliged to promote the increase of competitiveness and the rise of business activity of economic entities, as well as to guarantee the reduction of the tax burden for business, including reduction of the value added tax rate in the medium term, simplification of procedures for calculation and payment of taxes and streamlining of tax audits and reporting.

114-119

Authors: Platova A., Shumov P.

This article discusses the reform of the judicial system of the Russian Federation through the creation of separate appellate and cassation courts of General jurisdiction. The question of the competence of new courts, the composition of the court, as well as the characteristics of these courts are analyzed. In particular, attention is focused on the creation of appeal and cassation courts within the territories of the respective judicial appeal and cassation districts that do not coincide with the administrative-territorial division of the Russian Federation. In addition, attention is drawn to the establishment of a permanent judicial presence, which will be located outside the permanent seat of the court. The positive and negative sides of the reform, its expediency are analyzed. The main advantage of the judicial reform, according to the author, is the separation of the courts of appeal and cassation from the courts of first instance, which will affect the improvement of the judicial system. The author also points to the problems solved in connection with the reform of the judicial system.

129-133

Authors: Shlyakova O., Shumov P.

The article discusses current problems related to the issues of appointment, conduct, appeal examination, assessment of expert opinion, the status of an expert in arbitration proceedings. Also described are approximate solutions to these problems.

140-143

Authors: Yakushkin S.

To date, the current direction of research is the implementation of the principle of justice punishment for the crime committed. The article proposes the introduction of a new category of offences — criminal misconduct, which will occupy an intermediate link between an administrative offence and a criminal offence. The institute of criminal offense will allow to more accurately classify crimes by the degree of their public danger, to differentiate in detail the punishment for the convicted person, in accordance with the principles of justice and humanism, and to free convicts for minor or moderate crimes who committed them for the first time, from a vicious criminal conviction.

149-186

Authors: Nemtsov A.

The article is devoted to the study of student’s perception of conflicts that take place in modern Russian society. At the same time, from the theoretical point of view, society is considered as a system of interacting conflicts. Methodological approaches are tested to assess a number of psychological and sociological characteristics. In particular, the author studies the subjective perception of the acuteness of a number of major social conflicts by students, their resolution and interaction of these parameters. The algorithms of substantial analysis of the data obtained are substantiated. In addition, the attitude to some social groups and their representatives is considered in the context of the study of the perception of conflicts. The article presents the results of humanitarian specialization students.

192-201

Authors: Shestakova L., Gorevskikh A.

The need for the study is substantiated by the insufficient development of the conditions for organizing activities for the formation of cognitive universal educational actions in students through the use of competence–oriented tasks. The above indicates that the problem of the formation of cognitive universal educational actions through the use of competence-oriented tasks is insufficiently developed and requires additional research. Thus, a number of contradictions were singled out: between the modern requirements of society for students, who should have perfect cognitive educational devices that do not ensure their development in a secondary school; and between the need to develop cognitive learning in the process of teaching mathematics and the insufficient elaboration of this issue in pedagogical theory and practice. The outlined contradictions testify to the relevance of the research topic and allow us to formulate its problem: what should be the conditions for the use of competent–oriented tasks in order to form cognitive universal learning activities for students (based on mathematics)? Under the terms of the organization of activities in this article we will understand the complex of special conditions created by the teacher to achieve the goals set, namely the education and training of students. In the process of conducting research, certain skills are selected that are part of the cognitive universal educational actions. For the formation of the selected characteristics was organized training activities of students in compliance with the following conditions. First, the development and implementation of the mathematical circle I am learning to analyze. Secondly, the construction of work based on the use of specific types of competence–oriented tasks. Thirdly, two types of work were used: with ready competence–oriented tasks and to transform tasks from textbooks into competence–oriented ones. Experimental work has yielded positive results. Significance of the study: the materials of the article may be useful for schoolteachers of mathematics.

209-217

Authors: Usmonova D.

The article delves into the new approaches to discourse highlighting its communicative, cognitive, pragmatic and linguocultural aspects. The aim is to scrutinize the notion of discourse in relation to the human factor in different communicative settings. It is acknowledged that studies on the current topic area can be more successful by the integration of the anthropocentric paradigm.