Bulletin of Science and Practice

10-19

Authors: Abdaliev U., Tashpolotov Y., Sadykov E.

In this article considered the mathematical design of the process of burning of a drop of water-emulsion fuel. A drop of an emulsion of type water-oil is the difficult system, consisting of fuel, in that evenly as drops micro drops are up-diffused waters being into the drop of emulsion. At burning isolated microdrops of water with emulsion, there is an irreversible exothermic reaction. For such reactions considered the nonlinear task, with the use of the theory of spatially–homogeneous thermal explosions in the process of burning of fuel. This theory shows a few features, not considered to it. These features include appearance more than of one external area, more than one (internal) layer and nonlinear transformation of compression-expansion. As a result, an asymptotic decision for an incompressible liquid allows to get the hydrodynamic fields of the explosion in a vicinity steam bubble drop, and also in the vicinity of temperature front.

28-39

Authors: Oberemchenko A.

Soil is one of the environment basic elements. It has not only the accumulating ability but also is a natural buffer, controls the chemical elements transfer into the atmosphere, hydrosphere and living matter. Urban soils are significantly different from natural soils. Urban soils are characterized by degradation of the air and water regime, vital activity disruption of soil organisms. There is a direct dependence of the urban population health state on the preservation degree of natural (ecological) properties of urban soils. Every year the anthropogenic load on the environment increases. One of the main environmental pollutants is heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to soils contamination degree determines of heavy metals in Nizhnevartovsk (Western Siberia, Russia). In the soil sampling in 2017/18, the pH value and the concentration of mobile forms of copper, iron, zinc, nickel, chromium, lead and manganese were determined. The main sources of pollution in the urban environment are motor transport and enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. The main pollutants found in elevated concentrations are zinc, copper, nickel, lead and manganese. In 2018, there was a change in the concentration of mobile forms of zinc, copper, nickel and lead. High concentrations of manganese were detected. The environmental situation in Nizhnevartovsk is generally assessed as moderately hazardous by indicators of soil chemical contamination.

47-55

Authors: Shkarin N., Naumenko E.

The article presents a modern understanding of the physiology of the fetal–placental circulation, reflects the characteristics of blood flow in the fetus and the newborn. The anatomical and physiological features of the cardiovascular system in newborns are covered in detail.

65-70

Authors: Shkarin N., Naumenko E., Korobkov D.

Among diseases of the cardiovascular system in infants, congenital heart and vascular defects occupy a dominant place. The birth of children with congenital heart disease is a serious problem due to the risk of infant mortality. The development of heart failure in congenital heart defects is an uncommon syndrome complex that requires the use of complex drug therapy. In the course of our study, we evaluated the results of the use of complex medical therapy for heart failure in newborns. We found that drug therapy in newborns with congenital heart defects using cardiometabolic agents reliably improves intracardiac hemodynamics — the size of the right heart cavities decreases, the ejection fraction increases, the metabolic process improves, and the child's overall condition and well-being improves. Thus, newborns with congenital heart defects need not only cardiotonic but also cardiographic therapy.

86-93

Authors: Kurbanova D.

Data of the literature review on the most widespread types of hyperpigmentation, in particular — chloasma and melasma are provided in this article. Melasma — the widespread pathology which is found at the women with the swarthy type of skin living in regions with intensive ultraviolet radiation. The major factors contributing to the development of melasma are the impact of ultraviolet radiation, pregnancy and change of the hormonal status, a disease of a thyroid gland, some medicines (hormonal medicines, salicylates, anticonvulsant means). In the Kyrgyz Republic quite intensive level of ultraviolet radiation, especially during the summer period. Melasma or a Chloasma — the acquired pigmentation of an uneven form which is located generally in a face and a neck, as a result of a violation of the hormonal status. Melasma is more often shown during pregnancy, reception of contraceptives, new growths of ovaries, etc. Process of hyperpigmentation is connected with changed ratios of estrogen and progesterone and also the action of ultra-violet radiation. According to a number of authors, secondary hyperpigmentations arise owing to inflammation and/or excess influence of UV–radiation. Secondary hyperpigmentations are one of skin photoaging markers. In the treatment of hyperpigmentation of the skin, it is necessary to consider etiopathogenetic features and to apply system and local approach. System approach provides an impact on factors which promote developing of hyperpigmentation. The main objective of dermatologists at treatment is the application of external means locally. External correction of hyperpigmentation is directed to reduction of the production of melanin, bleaching and peeling off a horn layer of skin. Elimination of hyperpigmentation is a joint problem of dermatology and cosmetology. Cosmetology correction of hyperpigmentation surely has to be carried out in two directions: peeling of a horn layer of skin and reduction of products of melanin and also ensuring reliable protection of the skin against the aggressive influence of ultraviolet by means of cosmetics with UV filters.

99-106

Authors: Atezhanov D., Supiyev T., Bakiyev B.

It is well known that monitoring the effectiveness of primary prevention and the quality of dental care to the population is one of the most important components of any health care system. During the period from 1989 to 2005, the Republican “Program of comprehensive prevention of dental diseases in children” was actively introduced in the Republic of Kazakhstan. During this period in Almaty, the provision of dentists amounted to 4.5 positions per 10 thousand children; the staffing level of the posts was 100%. As a result, 54.5% of the children's population was covered by preventive examinations, and 92.4% of them were sanitized. In the years of the formation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, due to the lack of budgetary funds, the activity of preventive works decreased. The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of preventive work among children in Almaty using fluorine-containing preparations. The research results showed that currently only 29 out of 182 large schools have stationary dental offices, where, starting from 2016, a new “Tariff of medical services” is being introduced. In particular, remineralization therapy, fluorine coating of intact teeth, fluoride-cement application of teeth, closure of fissures with sealants. Dynamic observation of children after 6 and 12 months revealed a tendency to stabilize the carious process. In the areas of the teeth, where the cretaceous spots were determined, the enamel lustre appeared. The preservation of fillings was observed, their good marginal fit, the development of secondary caries and teeth affected by caries was not detected. Taking into account the needs, each school and preschool institutions should be provided with regular units of a dental hygienist who should provide all types of non-invasive prevention of dental diseases. It has been confirmed that a decrease in the incidence of dental morbidity is possible only with the introduction of an economically feasible program for the prevention of dental diseases and by providing highly qualified dental care with timely regular preventive measures.

112-117

Authors: Tarabukina S., Barashkova S., Martirosyan A., Popova O., Ushnitskaya N.

We have conducted studies of the organization of drug assistance to the residents living in the settlements of the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). According to the results of our sociological survey among medical workers, there was an insufficient range of medicines, the lack of necessary equipment for organizing proper storage of medicines in geographically separate units of central district hospitals. The measures for improving the state of drug supply in populated areas of the Arctic regions where there are no pharmacy organizations are identified.

122-127

Authors: Nazarov B.

The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of infection by various diseases and resistance of samples from different hybrid (F2 and F3) progenies. The selected disease resistant hybrid lines were recommended for the further investigations and hybridization programs as parental forms. F2 hybrid combinations resistant to yellow rust disease were found to be: TT 01404 Shefeg × Sonmez, TT 01407 Alman sortu × Murov-2, TT 01410 Shefeg-2 × Alman sortu, TT 01414 Doka × Alman sortu; F3 hybrids: TT 01301 /1 Murov-2 × Bezostaya-1, TT 01302 /2 Murov-2 × Doka, TT 01321/1 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01321/2 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01327/2 Doka × Pervin, etc. F2 hybrid combinations resistant to brown rust disease were: TT 01417 Sonmez × Shefeg-2, TT 01424 Pervin × Azeri, TT 01434 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek/1 × Murov-2, TT 01438 Murov × Shefeg-2; F3 hybrids: TT 01302/2 Murov-2 × Doka, TT 01304/1 Murov-2 × Tanya, TT 01305/1 Murov-2 × Shefeg-2, TT 01305/3 Murov-2 × Shefeg-2, TT 01307 /1 Shefeg-2 × Doka. F2 hybrid lines resistant to powdery mildew disease were: TT 01413 Doka × Sonmez, TT 01422 Pervin × Murov-2, TT 01428 Vassa × Mahmud 80, TT 01431 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek/1 × Mahmud 80, TT 01433 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek /1 × Yegane; F3 hybrids TT 01310/1 Shefeq-2 × Vassa, TT 01316 /3 Murov × Bezostaya-1, TT 01317/2 Murov × Tanya, TT 01321/1 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01334/1 Sonmez × Pervin, etc.

135-140

Authors: Toktorbaeva G., Tashpolotov Y.

The article presents the results of scientific research on the processing of nutshells by pyrolysis. The physical and chemical properties of walnut shells and decomposition products obtained by pyrolysis of walnut shells in different temperature regimes are described. The process of pyrolysis of walnut shells in the temperature range of 250–550°C with the formation of charcoal without air access was studied. It is established that the output of charcoal from the shell of Greek nuts is at 550°C 31.3% weight.

146-153

Authors: Shishkin V., Shulzhenko E., Tatarenko I., Mikhalev V.

The purpose of the study is to develop methods and techniques for optimizing the technological parameters of particularly important factors affecting the state of the fertility of animals, providing an increase in the productive longevity of cows, the volume of milk production and reducing losses at minimum production costs. The solution of the problems ensuring the achievement of the research goal was carried out by theoretical methods (information review and patent search; identification of regularities, dependencies and factors that determine the effectiveness of improving the reproductive performance of cows) and experimental studies (obtaining and primary processing of initial information from the materials of the annual periodic reporting of enterprises; the choice of a mathematical model of the process). On the basis of the results of research measures to optimize the fertility of dairy cows, the state of fertility, including the factor ‘service’ (motivation of dairy cattle without investing additional funds).

162-167

Authors: Mamytov A.

The results of the study of the effect of modified additives on the rheological and mechanical properties of concrete and mortar when using limestone as a filler are presented. The aim of the work was to study the effect of modifiers on the rheology of the concrete mix and mortar and the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete when using active aggregate. A chemical additive, the Glynium-Superplasticizer based on polycarboxylic ether polymers, was used. As a result, it was found that the addition of technogenic fine silica product together with micro silica and electrostatic precipitator strengthens the concrete.

174-182

Authors: Israfilova G.

The article discusses the concept of staff involvement and its content as a way to improve the efficiency of the organization. The main approaches to the definition of the concept of employee engagement are highlighted. On the basis of a systematic approach, an analysis of the activity of the enterprise to involve personnel in the implementation of strategic development was carried out, a sociological method of questioning the employees of the enterprise to determine the engagement index was used. The factors of the involvement of the personnel of PJSC Nizhnekamskneftekhim are highlighted. The proposed measures to improve staff involvement in the strategic development of the organization.

190-202

Authors: Raimbekov Zh., Syzdykbayeva B., Azatbek T., Sadykov B.

The article discusses the internal and external factors influencing the Chinese initiative of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) on the socio-economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan and on its economic growth. Based on expert assessments the most important factors influencing the economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan are identified. The main directions of improving the factors affecting the economy of Kazakhstan are proposed. The ways of manifestation and influence of the SREB factors on the development strategy of Kazakhstan are identified, and possible response measures and recommendations for mitigating and improving the influencing factors are identified.

214-231

Authors: Syzdykbayeva B., Raimbekov Zh., Baimbetova A., Kamzenov A.

The article provides an analysis of the current state of the logistics of freight and trade distribution systems in macro-regions and large urban agglomerations of Kazakhstan. A general analysis of distribution systems in trade-in Kazakhstan, in particular in large cities, revealed problems. Based on the study of foreign and domestic experience, recommendations are proposed for the formation and development of efficient logistics distribution centres in the agglomerations of Kazakhstan and improving their operational efficiency.

238-242

Authors: Krivova N., Rudenko E.

Due to the active participation of the Russian Federation over the past 10 years in the global foreign trade, the role of Incoterms rules significantly increases. At the present time contracts of domestic entrepreneurs with foreign contractors are increasingly in need of the application of generally accepted international rules. Incoterms play the role of the most important and necessary in many cases instrument that allows settling the relations of the parties when carrying out foreign trade activities. In essence, the Incoterms rules are comprehensive examples of the construction of contractual relations of the parties in the field of sale of goods. However, in practice, there are many problems with the use of these terms, despite their convenience and practicality in use. Among the main problems of Incoterms application that many foreign trade participants incorrectly represent the legal nature of Incoterms.

248-252

Authors: Laukhina A.

The article analyzes some aspects of law enforcement in the sphere of hereditary legal relations burdened with disputes on the recognition of invalid wills. It concludes that the necessary legislation to resolve the issue by making adjustments to Article 48 of the Law ‘Fundamentals of Russian Federation legislation on notaries’ and it provided not only the right to a judicial inquiry but also the right to propose passing a voluntary psychiatric examination and the right to refuse in performance of the notarial action analyzed by us.