Bulletin of Science and Practice

11-19

Authors: Pechenkina V., Zhulanov А., Prishnivskaya Ya., Vasilieva Yu., Boronnikova S.

Traits of 12 varieties of Russian origin Potato (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae), were observed. Yield of researched varieties is high and ranges from 25 to 40 t./ha.; mean concentrations of starch in tubers is 16%, average mass of tubers is more than 10 g. Among the researched varieties 6 varieties of S. tuberosum are a mid-season high-yield, other 6 varieties are early–ripe. ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) method of polymorphism analysis with using PCR was applied to identify the genetic diversity of varieties. From 20 were selected 4 the most effective ISSR praimers for researched varieties of S. tuberosum, among it there are two dinucleotide and two trinucleotide primers. 40 ISSR-PCR markers of researched varieties were identified. The number of amplified ISSR-PCR markers of S. tuberosum varied depending to primer from 8 (ISSR-5) to 12 (M-3), their size were from 210 (ISSR-5) to 1100 (M-3) bp. For the total sample of S. tuberosum, the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0,575, the expected heterozygosity was 0.071, the number of effective alleles (ne=1.324) was determined. The highest rate of genetic diversity were noted in Charodei S. tuberosum (P95=0.303; HE=0.105; ne=1.189). Genetically less heterogeneous Otrada (P95=0.161; HE=0.047; ne=1.079). 9 rare ISSR-PCR markers in researched varieties were identified, the largest number of them has Charodei (R=6). Recommendations on the use of the genetic capability in researched varieties of S. tuberosum were made.

41-47

Authors: Almuradova D., Atakhanova N.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. This paper presents results of treating patients with metastatic triple–negative breast cancer (BC). All the patients underwent surgical intervention, adjuvant, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were evaluated the volume of which depended on the stage of the disease. The side effects of different treatment options were analyzed. Triple-negative breast cancers have a relapsing pattern that is very different from hormone-positive breast cancers: the risk of relapse is much higher for the first 3–5 years but drops sharply and substantially below that of hormone–positive breast cancers after that. Five–year relapse-free and overall survival rates were traced in this patient group. It is concluded that the used procedures of combination treatment for metastatic triple-negative BC are highly effective.

54-57

Authors: Kaspruk L., Snasapova D., Zhakupova G.

Already from a student's bench, Vladimir Petrovich was engaged in the serious scientific activity. In the third year, he managed to create first working copy of the artificial heart, which is later implanted the dog. In 1965, Vladimir Demikhov presented his new development, which allowed to keep the vital organs outside the body of a living organism in a functioning state. The achievement was made possible by means of connecting to one animal to four cardiopulmonary systems, organs in this condition remained for about seven days. As an intermediate carrier body used in the body of pigs. At the same time, Demikhov conducted a series of experiments to replace the blood of pigs, dogs and sheep with blood from a human corpse. Thus, Demikhov’s contribution to the development of Transplantology of vital human organs allows him to be considered a father and founder of this important science. His research became the basis of cardiac and vascular surgery, as well as methods of prolongation and preservation of human life, such as artificial circulation.

63-68

Authors: Vasiliev D., Domashenko Yu., Vasiliev S.

The purpose of the work was to assess the suitability of drainage and discharge waters for irrigation, taking into account soil-reclamation conditions. Assessment of the suitability of drainage water for irrigation of agricultural land is carried out taking into account the indicators characterizing the properties of soils and substances entering the soil during agricultural production — nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, chlorides and sulfates. The study of the chemical composition of drainage outflow was carried out on the territory of Semikarakorskii district of Rostov region near Anastasiadis farm. Within the boundaries of the study area is implemented vegetable crop rotation: onion — medium cabbage — potatoes — late cabbage. In 2017, the onion was grown on the territory of the plot. To predict the degree of pollution of drainage and discharge waters it is necessary to study the dynamics of mineralization and composition of soil solutions and soil absorbing complex, the mechanism of fertilizer removal. Calculations showed that the concentration of biogenic elements, for example, nitrogen, in drainage and discharge waters depends on the doses of fertilizers, the degree of digestibility of their soil and soil-meliorative conditions of the site.

75-82

Authors: Mustafaev Z.

The natural–geographic, soil–climatic conditions of Ganja–Qazakh massive in the Lesser Caucasus are characterized in the article, the experimental results of the mineral fertilizers various doses, impact on microorganism’s development in wheat and maize wheat are examined. In the course of the research, it was established that the fertilizer system has a significant effect on the nitrogenase activity of the rhizosphere bacteria. The amplitude of the oscillation is different for individual crops. As is customary, the amount of nitrogenase activity is variable in relation to the plant physiology itself, which reaches its maximum values with the active growth of crops, especially during the period of winter wheat and cornflower. The biological potential of the soil is inversely proportional to the anthropogenic load. From which it should be concluded that an increase in the mass of agrochemicals reduces the possibility of natural resources, like the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere.

87-93

Authors: Avdeenko V., Rykhlov A., Tresnitskii S., Filatova A., Krivenko D.

It is established that in pig farms of various forms of ownership the number of animals with violation of reproductive function makes from 11.7 to 39.7%. As a result of the clinical examination of the basic herd of pigs revealed that obstetric pathology occurs on average 40.1 percent of broodstock, with 26.7% of the sows in the period of pregnancy registered gestosis with a classical triad — hyperhydration, hypertension and proteinuria. Depending on the symptoms, there were 4 forms of pregnancy complications with gestosis with symptoms of anemia (38.4±1.89%), hepatopathy (27.8±1.2%), nephropathy (34.5±1.7%) and paraplegia (9.3±0.7% of pregnant sows). Diseases of pregnant sows were clinically manifested by events of oppression — loss of appetite, pallor of visible mucous membranes, soreness of palpable area of the liver, proteinuria, hypertension, disorders of the Central nervous system, calving mobility problems, yellowness of the eyeball. Morphometric studies of the placenta in the gestosis of pregnant sows evidence that the length of the umbilical cord, the mass of the maternal part of the placenta, the thickness and volume of the child part of the placenta is reduced to a statistically reliable magnitude, compared with similar indicators in clinically healthy pregnant sows. Noted a significant fluctuation of fetus–placental ratio with an inverse of value. There was a significant fluctuation of the fetal–placental coefficient with the opposite value, in piglets born from clinically healthy mothers. The functional status of newborns depends on the forming processes of the maternal and child placenta, as well as the morphological and physiological properties of the development of fruits, which is confirmed by an authentic decrease in the body weight of newborns by 30.0–40.0% and weakly expressed motor–food reflexes.

100-111

Authors: Sokolov S.

The paper deals with the assessment of the recreational and geographical position of the Republic of Abkhazia in modern geopolitical conditions. Currently, it is important to study the natural resource potential of individual regions and countries, analysis of their economic use systems. The territory (its resource potential, the level of economic development, ecological status, etc.) should be considered as an object of geographical research and as a basis for the formation of economic processes, market relations and the choice of the direction of development of these processes. One of the most important components of the natural resource potential is recreational resources. Recreational resources are defined as a set of components of natural complexes and objects of historical and cultural heritage, forming the harmony of the integrity of landscapes, the use of which contributes to the maintenance and restoration of physical and spiritual health. Tourism and recreational activities are also one of the main components of the socio-economic development of the regions. The potential of recreational resources determines their role in the regional economy.

121-129

Authors: Elaeva M.

Many structures are under the simultaneous action of mechanical stresses and chemically active agents. Such conditions can cause a process of so-called mechanochemical corrosion, which rate linearly depends on the principal stresses. In this paper, we consider the case of external uniform corrosion. Designing structures without taking into account mechanochemical corrosion can lead to their premature destruction, as well as the assignment of a large margin for the thickness of structures — too wasteful material consumption and weighting of structures. Therefore, from the point of view of safety and economics, it is important to be able to accurately calculate the initial dimensions of the structure necessary to ensure the required service life. The presented article is devoted to the calculation of the optimum thickness of a linearly elastic cylindrical tube under external and internal pressure. The dependence of the initial dimensions of the structure on the required service life is found, which allows finding the optimum dimensions of the product, and this subsequently ensures the prevention of unfavourable outcomes during its exploitation. The graphs illustrating these results are constructed, and also the influence of external and internal pressure on the durability of the structures under consideration is studied. The strengthening effect of external pressure is proved at a fixed internal pressure. In the present paper, the problem is reduced to an ordinary differential equation with respect to the required radius of the tube. The solution is constructed for such proportions of pipe dimensions and external and internal pressures, at which the maximum voltage in terms of absolute magnitude is the circumferential stress.

135-149

Authors: Kulakov K.

This article presents a preliminary Modernization Plan for the Global Maritime Distress Communication System (GMDSS). On the base of a status of the GMDSS and the discussion on a modernization topic, some aspects of the Modernization Plan for the GMDSS, both regulatory and technical nature, have been described. Further work on the GMDSS Modernization Plan was also considered.

155-159

Authors: Egamov, D., Uzakov, R., & Boihonov, Z.

For the application of system automatic input of a reserve to the consumers having one system of trunks, 6-10 kV on the party of a line is necessary to establish of the transformer of a pressure. In the party of a secondary winding of the transformer, the circuit of a starting body of the minimal pressure and circuit management of switchings is connected.

164-169

Authors: Abdyraeva N.

A fractal antenna is an antenna, which active part has the form of a self-similar curve, and also a curve similar to the dividing or consisting of similar segments of the figure. In order to have an idea of his form, it is necessary to study fractal geometry. In this article considered the features of the use of fractal antennas, in particular, antennas based on the curve Koch, for wireless broadband access systems. For this type of antenna was given, the basic electrodynamic characteristics. The fractal antenna was simulated in the MANGAL system, where it is possible to create, edit, analyze and perform antenna calculations. On the basis of the model constructed antenna directivity patterns and a standing wave ratio (SWR). Also, this article considered the use of fractal antennas in the LTE wireless broadband network and its perspectives.

175-181

Authors: Marchenkova L., Samorodova E.

The economy of a country committed to sustainable economic growth. Stable economic growth is a source of employment growth, changes in the structure of public needs, development of innovative sectors of economy, strengthening global integration processes. Current state of the economy of Russia is characterized by a significant gap in the pace and directions of structural changes in the economy compared to Western countries. Recently, however, the Russian economy experiences significant structural changes under the influence of sanctions from the Western countries and due to internal factors of the economy. The Russian economy has considerable economic potential, consisting of a large number of raw materials, skilled labour, natural resources, climatic conditions, therefore, it is necessary to create new products to import substitution, export development and the formation of an ideal economic system in the country. All parts of the economic system and their interrelationships in need of deep changes. In our opinion, the development of theoretical provisions and recommendations on structural transformation of the economy, contributing to the diversification of production, the development of material-technical base, development of sustainable mechanisms for the production, distribution and exchange in accordance with the needs of society and available resources, to replace imported products with domestic goods, can help management to develop a set of measures for stable and sustainable development of the Russian economy.

193-202

Authors: Kurpayanidi K.

Subject/topic. The article considers topical issues of assessing the business environment for doing business on the basis of the Forbs rating. Goal and tasks. To study the current state of the entrepreneurial climate for the successful conduct of business both in general and in the context of the leading countries of the world. To analyze the problems of effective state regulation of entrepreneurial activity on the example of the Republic of Uzbekistan. To study the causes and consequences of the occupation by the countries of the world of those or other indicators in the Forbs ranking “The best countries for business”. Methodology. In the study, using observations, statistical analysis, and purposeful monitoring of the Forbes magazine’s “Best Countries for Business” rating, various criteria were analyzed that affect the state of institutional and entrepreneurial environments. Results. It is proved that entrepreneurship meets the global tendencies to the formation of a flexible competitive economy, a combination of different forms of ownership and an adequate model of economics, in which a complex synthesis of a competitive market mechanism is realized. Based on this, the author made an attempt to study the problems of effective regulation of small business, institutional support of entrepreneurial activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan, interaction of business with state power and other market institutions. Conclusions/significance. Based on a detailed study of the Forbs rating and the example of Uzbekistan, the author makes specific proposals for improving the institution of entrepreneurship and improving the business climate in the country.

211-216

Authors: Dergunova Yu., Smagulova N.

The article is devoted to the analytical review of economic development and growth according to the country’s competitiveness rating. The results of the implementation of state programs, in accordance with the standard of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (The OECD), are considered. The trends of influence of state programs on the country’s competitiveness rating are revealed. Comparative analysis of the global competitiveness rating of the two states showed that Azerbaijan improved its results (35th place) and is ahead of the Republic of Kazakhstan (57th place). Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn that contain recommendations.

224-231

Authors: Yoziyev G., Temirkhanova M.

The article considers the concept of further development of financial accounting in Uzbekistan in the conditions of economic modernization. The methodology for compiling segmental reporting has also been developed, which consists in determining financial accounting for segments, segments for which it is necessary to collect complete information, and also in obtaining information on the reportable segments, which will allow the most accurate and complete disclosure of information on the activities of firms in different aspects.

241-247

Authors: Baeva Sh.

This article explores the specifics of the financial and credit mechanism for supporting small and private entrepreneurship in foreign countries in order to identify key areas for the development of financial and credit support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Uzbekistan. This study and study of the specifics of the financial and credit mechanism in foreign countries is an important factor in determining the optimal directions of financial and credit support for small businesses and private entrepreneurship in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the study of the financial and credit mechanism for supporting small business in foreign countries is to formulate the main directions for improving small support based on the analytical data.

257-263

Authors: Shvaiba D.

The dual nature of the requirements of social and economic security and the resulting restrictions in the configuration of the production system leads to ambiguity in the realization of the tasks of protecting the state’s financial and economic interests and causes difficulties in the formation of the conceptual framework for the formation of social and economic protection of the state. The ambiguity and complexity of the problems of socio-economic protection of industry indirectly confirmed by the fact that their resolution uses a variety of methodological approaches that have different areas of use: socio-economic, cybernetic, system–situational, etc.

267-273

Authors: Temirkhanova M., Akbarov B.

This article discloses the issues of the Supervision of the methodology of organizing financial accounting in travel companies. Also, the accounting policy in the activities of tourist enterprises shows the lack of requirements for their quality and content, inappropriate accounting organizations in the conditions of modernization and diversification of the national economy. It should be taken into account that the formation of specific provisions on the principles of organization of the accounting department and financial accounting, methods of document management and customer service, taking into account the characteristics of the activities of travel companies is important.

282-285

Authors: Lavrushkina A.

In this article, the subject’s features are considered when committing fraud using the Internet and mobile communications. Guided by the typical schemes of fraudulent practices developed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the basis of investigative practice, the specific character of the attacker's behaviour is analyzed, on the basis of which his character is given. The article also touches upon the victimological features of victims of such crimes, their author's classification is given.

293-300

Authors: Namazova F.

On the basis of the study of the aspects of the resocialization of minors, the author of the article draws the following conclusions. This category of persons serving sentences in the form of imprisonment and after their release from isolation places need assistance that is necessary not only in their interests but primarily in the interests of the society itself in order to reduce the recidivism of crimes. Thus, the process of resocialization takes place in two stages: penitentiary and post-penitentiary. The results of the research showed that in the implementation of each stage of re-socialization, problems arise that are reflected in the low effectiveness of preventive work with minors in places of deprivation of liberty and after release. The main corrective and corrective measures of influence in relation to this category of persons are not only education, socially useful work, educational work, but also the maintenance of socially useful links. The study analyzes the means of correction: education and employment of minors. Undoubtedly, in the period of isolation from the administration of the colony, the variety of forms of labor depends on the provision of opportunities and the creation of appropriate conditions for obtaining education and work activities, as a result of which it is assumed that the acquisition of a primary work experience is of value during employment after release. The problem of reducing the necessary specialists: social educators, psychologists, teachers in schools and vocational schools in educational colleges adversely affects the implementation of remedies. In addition, the maintenance of social ties with family and relatives is one of the main components of the process of resocialization of minors who lived in incomplete, dysfunctional families, orphanages and boarding schools prior to conviction. Therefore, the social worker of the colony needs to improve the process of preparing the family for the return of the adolescent from the colony and taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries: Switzerland, Britain and Germany in this direction can help improve this process. With a view to the effectiveness of the process of resocialization of minors after their release from educational colonies, it is necessary to create programs to determine their professional activities with the provision of free housing in hostels, the introduction of a list of vacancies in employment centres for their employment and other social guarantees.

311-320

Authors: Volegzhanina I.

In the article, trends in the development of didactic support for the profession-oriented English language course are determined. Social and economic conditions to update the development of advanced didactic instruments are stated. Moving from the competence education model to the cognitive one followed by searching for the effective forms of knowledge representation to their transit in the learning and instructing process is among them. The experience of the Department of Foreign Languages of Siberian Transport University in the development of education resources to show the opportunities of different forms of content representation for effective academic knowledge transition is summarized. In particular, the electronic learning and instructing support package “English for Railways” based on a hypertext technology (the history of development, its structure, forms of software interactivity) is described. As an example of didactic instruments for the cognitive education model, a prototype of the multilingual learning environment based on ontologies “Onto.plus” is presented. Onto.plus has been developed for students of railway universities through the request of the Training and Methodology Centre for Railway Transport. It is stated that ontologies are approved as the up-to-date international web–standard for knowledge representation by ISO/IEC. The advantages of Onto.plus refer to the following: a student enjoys an access to different forms of content representation (a linear text, hypertext links, ontologies) on a number of national languages. The need for methods to introduce the suggested solutions into the learning and instructing practice is underlined. The method for students’ cognitive skills development adopted for the profession-oriented English language course is given as an example. This article may be of practical interest for transport university instructors and students.

325-332

Authors: Galkina A.

The article considers the status of publication of information on the results of industry registration of scientific works in the form of electronic educational resources in order to the preventative protection of pedagogical ideas, technologies and solutions implemented in electronic educational resources.

337-342

Authors: Ganieva N., Hamzaev J.

The paper discusses the specifics of the application of different teaching methods and the evaluation of knowledge using these methods. One of the most common methods is the case method. In connection with this, a system for assessing students’ knowledge of the digestibility of special subjects has been studied and developed. Based on the concepts of the case method, a system was developed for assessing the knowledge of students on the subject “Techniques of Teaching Informatics”. It is designed for each student individually. The system is made up according to some requirements of case writing, contains a simple interface for students and teachers. The system of “case” introduced all the necessary information relating to this subject, which allows you to evaluate the acquired knowledge of the passed subject.

351-357

Authors: Omelchanko E.

The notions of self-esteem and self-love are related in many respects, in everyday life, these notions are usually mixed. At first sight, they have the same meaning: to love oneself. But the real sense of such love is different. The difference between them is larger and deeper than similarity. The present article is a comparative analysis of the concepts of self-esteem, self-love (egoism): the semantic differences between scientific, culturological and religious conceptions are fixed. The peculiarities of the display of child’s self-esteem and self-love are considered. The different points of view of the professional psychologists are analysed.

362-370

Authors: Iakovleva, E.

The object of research is the national cuisine of the Tatars. Having passed the long path of its development, it experienced numerous influences, including ethnic, cultural and religious character. A huge role in the preparation of food played a furnace and Kazan, which are symbols of the Tatar house. It was revealed that the richness of forests, lands and rivers, the occupation of agriculture, livestock breeding, and poultry farming determined the set of products included in the diet of the Tatars. Actively using natural gifts, the Tatars also observed ethical principles in relation to the surrounding world, recorded in the Koran. Experiencing the influence of neighbouring cultures, the Tatars started planting gardens and gardens quite late. It is customary to classify the Tatar menu for liquid hot dishes, second courses, baked goods with savoury and sweet stuffing, goodies, drinks. Among the obligatory dishes of the Tatar cuisine, we will name milk, meat and flour stoves. For the Tatar cuisine, it is characteristic to mix meat, vegetable (in the early period — cereals) and flour. A special role in the Tatar tradition is played by tea drinking, accompanied by sweet treats. Attitude to food and food, the process of cooking and eating it was reflected in Tatar folk art — riddles, proverbs and sayings. It was in them that an element of archaism was fixed, disappearing in the modern world and allowing the reconstruction of the past. The main method of the presented research is analytical, allowing on the basis of various sources to discover specific features of the Tatar national cuisine. The results of the research can be used in scientific and teaching activities when studying the Tatar tradition and cuisine of the Tatar people.

377-385

Authors: Dorzheeva V.

The study focuses on the historical aspect of the Russian government in search of optimal patterns for the administrative and legal development of the Northeastern territories in the 18th–19th centuries. With the current administrative division, Northeast integrates Magadan Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and northeastern regions of the Republic of Yakutia (Sakha). The methodology employed in the study includes cause-and-effect relations, analysis, and historical description methods. The chronological framework covers two centuries: the 18th and 19th centuries. At the beginning of the said period, the northeastern lands were little-explored by the central government and were valued as a source of furs for the State treasury. Indigenous peoples were seen as payers of “Yasak” tribute. In the 19th century, Russia reached the Pacific Rim, and the Northeast became the country’s outpost in this region. The article defines key factors of Russia’s expansion eastwards up to the Pacific coast, as well as the associated transformation in terms of significance and functions of the northeastern region within the above–noted period. The problems of governing huge territories are covered — such as the vast geographical distance from the central government, polyethnicity, sparse and dispersed population, the bulky and ineffective system of government. The article also defines the role of the Siberia Prikaz in governing the northeastern lands. The author explores the acts of the state in search of optimal forms of government and administrative and territorial division during the Imperial Era. There is a brief touch on personalia (V. Bering, M. Speransky, N. Muraviev) who contributed to the development of the administrative and territorial structure of the northeastern borderlands of Russia.

393-399

Authors: Terentieva N.

The field expedition of the creative association Nasledie explored the area of the former village Kuzovikha in the Pskov region. Different types of historical, ethnographical, geographical sources were analysed and compared. This article argues that the remains of the Kuzova Gora hill which had been turned into a sandpit may be considered as a medieval stronghold and its neighbourhood as a probable suburb (posted). The results of the topological reconstruction of the area are also given in the article.

405-408

Authors: Kadirov R.

This article is devoted to the study of the semantic processes that take place in the semanteme composition in the formation of certain components of the semantic structure of zoonyms and those features on the basis of which these components are formed. The signs in the form of connotations and symbols attributed to such animals as Chien, Boeuf, âne, porc, loup, Renard, ours, serpent, vipère are systematized.