Bulletin of Science and Practice

10-21

Authors: Palii I.

We study regularities, to which the relative frequencies of the word lengths are subject, if the entire series of relative frequencies is divided into several segments. In the case of the Spanish language, there are four segments: lengths 1-2 (linear function y=a_0+a_1 n with positive slope); Lengths 3-5 (a polynomial of the second order y=a_0+a_1 n+a_2 n^2 with branches directed upwards); Lengths 6-11 (linear function with negative slope); Length 12 and more (geometric progression y=aq^n with a denominator less than 1). Here n is the length of the word (the number of letters in it). In the case of the Italian language, there are also four lengths: lengths 1-3 and 4-6 (polynomials of the second order with branches directed downwards); Length 7-11 (geometric progression with denominator less than 1); Length 12 and more (geometric progression with a denominator less than 1). In the case of the Swedish language, there are three segments: lengths 1-3 (a second-order polynomial with branches pointing upwards); Length 4-6 (second-order polynomial with branches directed downwards); Length 7 and more (geometric progression with a denominator less than 1). Coefficients of equations are parameters that can be estimated for a given text on the basis of its statistical characteristics. Five texts in Spanish and Swedish and six texts in Italian were considered. Then all the texts in the given language were combined into one text and distribution was considered.

28-36

Authors: Sidorenko G., Laptev B., Gorlenko, N., Antoshkin L.

The structural organization of water and water solutions is not until the end of studied now. Accumulation of the experimental data in this area will allow to expand theoretical ideas of structure of the liquid environments. In operation by methods of dielectrometry, an impedance it is shown that at a temperature of 20 °C with increase in frequency of reactive current from 1 to 3000 kHz the electrical capacity of the distilled water repeatedly decreases that is caused by existence in water of structural educations – associates of molecules of water in which oscillation frequencies of dipoles of water are lower than frequencies of an outside electric field. Repeated increase in electrical capacity of solutions of chloric iron, in comparison with the distilled water is probably caused by processes of the partial corrupting of associates of molecules of water in solutions and hydration of ions. Increase of electrical capacity, conductivity, good quality of an oscillating circuit of sols of hydroxide of iron, in comparison with the initial solutions of chloric iron, obviously, is caused by the fact that in case of formation of micelles in solutions there is a further corrupting of associates of molecules of water, the partial orientation of the dipoles which are released at the same time to surfaces of micelles and increase in concentration of the free dipoles of water having the maximum mobility. The offered methods and constructions of measuring cells can be used for a study of structural features of water, water solutions and the colloid systems.

43-48

Authors: Dmitrieva A., Stepacheva A.

The mechanism of the reaction of alkylation of aromatic compounds according to Friedel–Crafts is considered. Unlike the acylation reaction, alkylation is a reversible process. The general principle of the reaction is the intermediate formation of carbenium ions capable of reacting as an electrophile in the aromatic reactions of electrophilic substitution. It is established that the mechanism of this reaction is ensured by the detection of the σ–complex at low temperatures. The possibility of using the intramolecular variant of Friedel–Crafts alkylation is considered; limitations of the applicability of the reaction as a whole are noted.

56-63

Authors: Okhotenko D., Bachura Yu.

The results of a study of the species composition and structure of cyanobacterial communities of soils of roadside lawns of some streets of the city of Gomel are presented. Research methods: field, laboratory and cultural. Total in the soils studied city of Gomel found 34 species of soil cyanobacteria belonging to 13 genera, 7 families, 3 orders of 1 classes. Oscillatoriales were 61.8%, Croococcales — 20.5%, Nostocales — 17.7 %. In the family spectrum Phormidiaceae prevailed (47.1%), a significant proportion of the species from Nostocaceae — 20.5%. Among the genera Phormidium dominated (38.0%), Nostoc (11.8%), Cyanothece, Borzia and Microcoleus (8.9% each). Ecological analysis showed that all the cyanobacteria detected are edaphophilic. The largest number of species were representatives of the P–life form — 52.9% (species of the genera Phormidium, Borzia, Oscillatoria and Plectonema). C–form algae accounted for 26.5% (genera Anabaena, Nostoc, Cylindrospermum, Nodularia, Aphanocapsa, Microcystis). Among the algae of the C–form, species with heterocysts capable of nitrogen fixation have been identified (species of the genera Anabaena, Nostoc, Cylindrospermum, Nodularia). The share of Ch–form representatives was 11.7% (species of the genera Cyanothece, Synechocystis). The smallest number of species were representatives of the M–form — 8.9% (species of the genus Microcoleus). The species richness of the cyanobacterial communities varied within 12–25 species, the composition of cyanobacterial communities of all the streets retained the dominance of representatives of the P–life form (50–68%). The analysis of taxonomical and ecological structure of cyanobacterial communities on the intensity of transport flow and distance of trial areas from the roadway were conducted. With increasing distance from the roadway identified the expansion of species richness of algae.

70-78

Authors: Blinnikova O., Eliseeva L.

According to modern data, about 80% of the population living in different countries, receives magnesium in insufficient quantities. The lack of magnesium adversely affects the functions of the central nervous system, heart and blood vessels, adrenals, thyroid and pancreas, and other organs. The magnesium deficiency increases with the age of the person. Its content is not enough in the diet of the elderly and poorly provided people. The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of enriching of berries with magnesium enriched berries of various crops by the method of foliar treatment of plants during the formation of berries. The objects of research were the berries of the honeysuckle variety of Zimorodok, the strawberry variety of the Korona, the variegated–leaf hardy kiwi variety of Soroka. Enrichment was carried out by the method of single root foliar treatment of plants with an aqueous solution of magnesium sulphate of various concentrations in variants of the experiment with the addition of hydrated lime in order to avoid the burning of plants. The rate of consumption of the solution depended on the number of plants per hectare and the age of plantations. Control samples were sprayed with distilled water. The magnesium content in the berries was determined in accordance with GOST R 51429-99. The results obtained in the first years of the study allowed to determine the optimal concentration of the solution used to enrich the berries with magnesium, which was 20.0 g/l. The use of this method of enrichment showed a positive tendency of magnesium accumulation by plants. The magnesium content in berries increases, while the following regularity was observed: an increase in the concentration of the solution in the variants of the experiment contributed to its greater content in the berries. The results of further studies prove the possibility of increasing the natural content of magnesium in honeysuckle, strawberry and variegated–leaf hardy kiwi in 1.7–6.3 times. According to the ability to accumulate magnesium, honeysuckle leads — 626.5% in relation to control. In the strawberries, magnesium accumulates to a somewhat lesser extent — 308.9%. Variegated–leaf hardy kiwi berries are characterized by a high natural content of magnesium, but low accumulating capacity of its accumulation is 172.1% on average over three years of research. The use of fortified berries in the diet will help to prevent the deficiency of magnesium in the body.

86-91

Authors: Dmitrieva A., Stepacheva A., Lugovoy Yu.

In the work, the main problems of biomass (particularly the agricultural wastes) utilization in the world practice are considered. One of the ways to solve the indicated problems is the biomass application as the renewable energy source. The main fields of the lignocellulosic biomass use and its structure and composition are also described. In the paper the methods of the quantitative analysis of moisture, ash–content, extractive compounds for wheat straw are presented. The paper contains the analysis results and their comparison with the literature data.

97-100

Authors: Kosivtsov G., Molchanov V.

The main forms of purulent inflammation of cattle are described in the current work. The organoleptic and microbiological indices of meat and by-products, the chemical composition of meat, physicochemical indices of meat of slaughter animals of two groups were determined: control — healthy animals, and experimental animals — infected with purulent–necrotic inflammations.

116-119

Authors: Sushanlo R., Tukhvatshin R.

The article contains information about influence of experimental atherosclerosis, lead intoxication and altitude hypoxia on the change of a lipidic blood range of jugular blood of laboratory animals (rabbits breed: chinchilla): lipoproteids of low density, very low density and high density, triglycerids, general cholesterol and atherogenic index. The results of researches have shown the existence of distinctions in a lipidic range of rabbits blood.

128-131

Authors: Nurpolatova S., Kunnazarova Z.

In this article presented level of the disease and structure deaths of patient with cardio vascular disease, which have got treats in the center of emergency medical helps Republic Karakalpakstan in during 2015–2016. In during researches the work has shown that with 2015 years in 2016 years the disease factors varied between itself with cardio vascular system disease, hypertonic disease, cardiac ischemia, chronic rheumatic heart disease, vices heart. Frequent reason of the death patient with cardio vascular system disease is complicate hypertonic disease: acute disorders of cerebral circulation.

139-142

Authors: Kosivtsov G., Molchanov V.

In this paper, the main aspects of sanitary control in the field of nutrition are considered. General directions of sanitary supervision are described. The structure of organizational and methodical work on food hygiene is given. The principles of planning and methodological support of sanitary control, as well as responsibility for violation of sanitary legislation are reviewed.

147-149

Authors: Didenko N., Didenko I.

Currently, modern exogenous processes such as fluvial, aeolian, permafrost and others create conditions for the manifestation of dangerous geomorphological processes of relief formation. The object of our study is the territory of the valley landscapes of Lyamin River flowing along the territory of the Sibirskiye Uvaly Upland. The Lyamin River is the right tributary of the Ob River, with predominantly mixed and snow-fed food. The study of this territory will make it possible to predict and avoid the adverse effects of exogenous processes on territories identical in physical and geographical conditions that are affected by the oil and gas complex.

157-166

Authors: Iliyasov M., Melikov E.

In this article by the method of equations of steady horizontal flight the impact of AT winglets wingtips on the inductive reactance of the wing is explored. The total aerodynamic force, created by all four parts of the wingtips is determined. The vector of the total aerodynamic force of the wingtips is represented in the form of components of a linked coordinate system. Equilibrium equations for the steady motion of an aircraft with AT winglets wingtips in a horizontal flight are recorded. From these equations it is obtained that, in the direction of motion, the longitudinal component of the vector of the total aerodynamic force of the tips reduces the inductive drag of the wing, the vertical component is added to the lifting force of the wing, and the lateral component, due to symmetry, is zero. It is shown that the lifting force created by the AT winglets wingtips is larger compared to the same ones created by the upper tips. An important consequence is that the distribution of the lifting force over the wing span with double tips is more even in comparison with the wing without a tip or with a wing with the upper wingtip. The expression for the effective aspect ratio of the wing with the tips is determined, which is greater than the inductive drag of the wing without the tip. An interesting result is obtained: for identical aircraft weights, the product of effective aspect ratio of the wings with double and only upper wingtips on their coefficients of inductive resistance is equal to the product of the wing aspect ratio without a tip on its coefficient of inductive resistance. This law can also be formulated as follows: at the constant weight of the aircraft, the effective aspect ratio of the wing with the tips by its coefficient of inductive resistance is a constant value, independent of the form of wingtips.

181-187

Authors: Berketova L., Ponomareva O., Yelyaкina Е.

As science, sensory (organoleptic) analysis is based on the requirements for these tests, set out in the normative and technical documents of international and Russian standards, which reflect the requirements of the methodology of organoleptic test. These include a series of standards: GOST ISO, GOST R ISO, GOST R and GOST. According to all-Russian classifier of standards (OKS), these documents are in the group “67. Manufacture of food products” in particular in the subgroup “67.240 - Sensory analysis”. All normative documents in this area can be divided into several major groups that reflect and prescribe requirements in a particular segment of the touch research. These standards include: terms and definitions in the field of sensory analysis give a clear understanding of certain concepts, stimuli and sensations, the description of the investigational products; requirements for testers and experts who conducted a sensory test of products – requirements for sensory sensitivity (taste, olfactory, tactile and color) ability to describe the proposed products and characterize them in terms of quality indicators; requirements for the design of facilities for sensory research – the minimum necessary set of premises and suggestions for their layout requirements for kitchenware (utensils, rules of marking) and products (number of products for research and the procedure for its submission for testing) and methods of sensory analysis (discrimination, descriptive, using scales and categories). Considered normative documentation at the time of adoption and its validity: valid documents, which are introduced from July 2017 and entered in return current. The existing regulatory framework covers the requirements for all the basic directions for testing and obtaining reliable from a statistical point of view results that allow for a sensory analysis with a high degree of objective conclusions about the quality of the products.

194-200

Authors: Sinenko V.

. Since 2017, the sphere of land cadastral relations and registration of rights On real estate objects underwent significant changes and innovations on the part of the legislation of the Russian Federation. So from January 1, 2017, the Federal Law of July 13, 2015 No. 218-FZ "On State Registration of Real Estate" entered into legal force(hereinafter - Law No. 218-FZ). This law replaced the Federal Law of 21.07.1997 No. 122-FZ "On state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it" and Federal Law No. 221-FZ of 24.07.2007 "On the State Real Estate Cadastre Until January 1, 2017 on the territory of the Russian Federation, information on real estate objects were recorded in two main registers of real estate: - State Cadastre of Real Estate; - The unified state register of rights to real estate and transactions with it. Since January 2017, the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the maintenance of the Unified State Real Estate Register. The database of the Unified State Real Estate Register will unite in itself the information contained earlier in the register of real estate objects and the unified state register of rights to real estate and transactions with it (hereinafter referred to as EGRP). The provisions of Law No. 218-FZ regulate and encompass relations on registration of real estate, covering both state cadastral registration and state registration of rights to real estate. In this article, the author examines in detail the procedure for conducting and implementing state cadastral accounting for the example of the Istra district of the Moscow region.

208-216

Authors: Bagdasaryan N.

The subject of the research in this article is the consideration of the concept of catch-up development in the context of the general paradigm of innovative development. The aim of the work is to reveal the content, to reveal the main characteristics and features of the new catch-up development. An analysis of existing approaches to the interpretation of the category catching up with innovative development is being carried out. The need to clarify the concept, taking into account post-industrial challenges, is revealed. It shows the expediency of interpreting catch-up innovation development not just as the introduction and adaptation of borrowed innovative solutions, but also as the formation of new institutions and mechanisms that facilitate the adaptation of innovations and expand the scope of their use. The need to use the comparative advantages of the national economy as a driver of catching up innovative development is disclosed. The conclusion is drawn that the formation of effective institutions for the development of human capital and innovative institutions is promising to meet the challenges of Russia’s catching up innovative development in the post-industrial world.

222-226

Authors: Yakushkin S.

Due to insufficient pension provision for healthy life of citizens, the Russian pension fund in 2002 is reforming the pension system to optimize incoming funds and increase pension provision. In connection with this reform, the insurance and funded part of the pension is allocated. In the perspective of the development of pension provision, there is a tendency to increase the share of the funded pension. Nevertheless, it remains impossible to completely abandon the insurance pension. Six steps to replenish the budget of the Russian Pension Fund. Qualitative growth of pension provision.

232-242

Authors: Tursunov B.

The article considers the issues of increasing the efficiency of production capacities of textile enterprises, and a number of factors affecting the production capacity of textile enterprises have been studied. The purpose of this article is: to determine the essence of the production capacity of textile enterprises, to identify ways of increasing the efficiency of production capacity at textile enterprises. Recommendations given by the author can be used in industry, and the results of the systematic analysis indicated in this article can be used in writing master's theses, qualification and coursework.

252-257

Authors: Suleimanov G., Isayev K., Zeinalova, S.

The basis of the article is the importance of the tax system for developing countries in the formation of a socially-oriented market economy. For this purpose, the article highlights the importance of the tax system as a tool for regulating the economy. The main aspects of this article are also the choice of optimal tax rates. The article suggests different models for finding the optimal rates of profit taxes. The adequacy of the model and its role in the economy from the scientific point of view is justified.

264-269

Authors: Dvoinev V., Egorov A.

At present the situation in the mono-profile urban settlements is quite acute. In addition to the socio-economic problems associated with the everyday live of the local community under the influence of the city-forming enterprises, the problem of the state of the urban environment is of great importance, which largely depends on the presence on its territory of environmentally unfriendly industrial engineering, energy, chemical, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy sites. Facing the growing number of environmental problems, the need to study the environmental concern of the communities of single-industry towns with an outlook to its further development for the normal functioning of the world community as a whole and individual entities in particular. The article presents the results of the content analysis of local newspapers in Desnogorsk, the town of which the Smolensk NPP is the main enterprise. The research focuses on environmental issues and their reflection on the pages of local press. The data of the analysis are given in comparison. For the study, materials from two newspapers were used for a four-year period. In the course of the work, such tasks were solved as determination of the amount of printed material devoted to the topic of ecology in the city; definition of the nature of the articles (analytical, informational, speeches of managers, orders, orders of resolution, complaints, statements, questions, proposals); identification of subjects whose opinions reflect articles on environmental issues; the establishment of the modality of the attitude to the problems of urban ecology, presented in the pages of the newspapers. According to the results of the analysis, it is possible to draw conclusions about the specifics of the environmental concern of the local community in Desnogorsk. Based on the results of the research, the main guidelines for optimizing the ecological consciousness of the inhabitants of the satellite town of Smolensk NPP are indicated.

275-278

Authors: Zainutdinov Sh.

This article reveals the essence of the main trends of the new world order and the factors of human development, as well as the transition to new economic circumstances characterized by the “three whales” concept: poverty, unemployment and disease. The author also pays attention to the role of investment in the formation of a new world order, new methods for calculating macroeconomic and other indicators and global problems that impede further development.

286-290

Authors: Abdullayeva K.

Almost we feel globalization in every piece of our life and society which surrounds us. Globalization entered our life sphere that we observate it in science, study, policy, economy even in culture and art. İrrefutable fact that globalization affect to language and its lexicon. If in 8-12th century there was Arabian-Persian words flow, in 19-20th century Russian-European words flow was increased. From the 21th century because of development of science and technology many English words entered our language. By one side it is useful for enrich our language. But our language has notions to express the same words. Include the same words to language is meaningless, it cause paralelness and damage of language. In this article we talk about the changing of toponyms in globalization period ( after 2000th year). In researching of some toponyms we noticed that in some place`s names was distortioned. As a result we got words with absolutely another meaning. For example: Abalı/Abalu-Abaali, Alilar-Alar, Avush-Havush, Gultapa-Kultapa and so on. Some of toponyms were changed and it was far away from real meaning and its story. For example: Ashaghi Remeshin- Gizil Gishlaq, Maralig- Meralik, Naphtalug- Soyudlu, Oytala-Huytala, Yukhari Remeshin- Gunei Gishlag etc. Our purpose of writing this article is to show toponyms history and to take into account useless of changings. We are debtor to be carefully and protect every inch of our land.

301-307

Authors: Ramenskii S., Ramenskaya G., & Ramenskaya V.

The most effective creative person will work if the job corresponds to his vocation; the results of labor are recognized by society. The number of successes exceeds the number of failures. Work delivers personality pleasure, joy. You can treat work as a hobby, do more, with higher quality, and tire less. This applies to any kind of work, including the work of a teacher. A certain genetically, special, limited supply of vital activity, which must be expended during life for self-expression, forces the creative individual to realize his mission. This allows us to understand the importance of choosing a “matter for the soul”, according to vocation. The last word was explained by the Old Believers as a “matter for which you were called”. If a person has managed to find such an occupation, then it becomes for him a “sacred duty”, obligatory for execution. During the educational process, the teacher should be convinced of the need for information communicated to the listeners, but similar confidence must be in the students. Effective perception, information transfer is conditioned by the existence of a “dominant” (attractor) in the nervous system of both parties involved. This phenomenon can explain the persistent nature of the need for a creative person to realize themselves. The dominant is a “stable focus of increased excitability in the cortex and (or) subcortex of the brain” of an animal (human). After formation, it is resistant to time. Each signal chosen at creation of such center of excitation the signal is capable then to call to life the high-grade dominant which is amplified by arriving irritants. Therefore, negative from the point of view of the mutual relations of states, the strata of the population, the conditions can facilitate the realization of the “super task” of a creative person, including a teacher.