Bulletin of Science and Practice

15-29

Authors: Daineko M., Timofeev S.

Eight meadow associations were studied in 2013–2015 determining yields of meadow ecosystems, their agrobotanical composition, ontogenetic structure, soil agrochemical composition and zootechnical analysis of grass fodder at hay use. Methods: floral, geobotanical, coenopopulational, agrochemical, zootechnical. Soils under the studied meadow ecosystems were strongly acidic, with a low content of mobile phosphorus and potassium, and a high content of organic matter. The content of manganese was 2–10. The highest productivity was stated in Phalaroidetum arundinacea and Caricetum gracilis, while the lowest in Agrоstietum tennuis and Agrostietum vinealis. Fertilizers increase grassland productivity by 1,3 — 1,4 times. Distribution of green mass between the grazing cycles was as follows: I — 50%, II — 30%, III — 20%. Cereals increased after biennial composition while sedge grasses decreased. The studied associations had the similar development of the dominants species in populations. There are dominance among generative plants. The fodder obtained meets the requirements of feeding farm animals by nutritional composition.

40-44

Authors: Leontyev D., Zvereva K.

Biological invasions are a very pressing problem of our time. Some invaders can have an extremely negative impact on the composition and structure of phytocenoses. For example, ash–leaved maple (American). Totally accounted 945 examples of a young plants of ash–leaved maple on the 45 km route of highway. In average on 1 km 21 plant was found. Buckthorn was accounted as 566 plants on 36 km of highway. At 7 km of the route from Angarsk and 2 km before Irkutsk, it is not founded. In average, on 1 km was counted 15.7 plants, if we count all the 45 km, then 12.6. As can be seen from the results, ash–leaved maple is more invasive. It usually appears immediately in the vicinity of cities. Its flying seeds with transport are taken from the cities, where it is naturalized, i. e. seeds were blown from the vehicles. Other situation with buckthorn: it is observed a big gap between its location and boundary of the city on this species. General rule for both Invasive species is a clear affection for the man–made structures: mounds and recesses with a missing or disturbed soil surface.

54-60

Authors: Erofeevskaya L., Saltykova A.

A strain of aerobic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas is isolated from oil–contaminated water. Its properties and phylogenetic characteristics have been studied. Also, the influence of strain on the activation of the biological degradation of oil and oil products was tested. It is found that the method of introduction of the resulting strain at contaminated sites helps shorten the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in the soil and aquatic ecosystems. Depending on the ambient temperature 5 days recycling oil in an aqueous medium under the influence of the strain reaches 40–96%.

66-71

Authors: Sulman A., Matveeva V., Sulman M.

The same markets products can be obtained by condensing both lower alcohols and the corresponding aldehydes and ketones. However, in some cases, the industry lacking in necessary carbonyl compounds has only low molecular alcohols. In this case, condensation reaction can be the main technical method for these alcohols processing. The obtained alcohols with double and triple carbon number are used for the production of plasticizers, superficially active substances, flotation agents, solvents and others.

80-89

Authors: Tikhonov B., Stadolnikova P., Sidorov A., Sulman E., Logacheva A.

In this work synthesis and investigation of the catalytic properties of the multicomponent biocatalyst-based on the horseradish peroxidase immobilized on the modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) were carried out. Hydrochloric acid, chitosan, aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaric dialdehyde were used to modify the titanium dioxide. The horseradish peroxidase was obtained by extraction of the horseradish root (Armoracia rusticana), followed by centrifugation and separation of the filtrate. Immobilization of enzyme was performed by sequential application method with intermediate washing with distilled water from the non–specifically bounded reagents. Enzymatic activity of the enzymatic extract and of the synthesized biocatalyst in the reaction of oxidation of 4-chlorophenol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was investigated. Monitoring the reaction was carried out by changing the optical density of the reaction mixture containing 4 aminoantipyrine, at a wavelength of 506 nm. Biocatalyst component composition was optimized, and the basic kinetic parameters of the synthesized biocatalyst were determined based on the results of experiments on the variation of the process conditions and of the number of components of the reaction mixture. The article expediency of physic–chemical modification of titanium dioxide with chitosan and aminopropyltriethoxysilane to increase the strength of covalent bonding of the enzyme with the carrier was first experimentally confirmed received. Also, new effective immobilized biocatalyst-based on the titanium dioxide which is suitable for repeated use in the liquid phase oxidation of chlorophenols was obtained. The results show high prospects of synthesized biocatalyst using in the process of chlorophenol pollutants removing from the water. All hypotheses and conclusions expressed in this article are based on scientific and technical literature on methods of immobilization of enzymes, methods of inorganic carriers modifying, the calculation of the kinetic parameters of enzymatic reactions and the basic laws of spectrophotometric analysis.

99-105

Authors: Sevostyanova N., Batashev S.

This paper presents a catalytic activity of ruthenium (III) compounds in the model reaction of cyclohexene hydrocarbomethoxylation. The objective of the work was contained in the determination of the most active ruthenium catalyst of this reaction. The kinetic method was used as the main method of investigation. The gas–liquid chromatography method was used to analyze the reaction mass. Accordingly, to approbation of ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate and chloride as catalysts of cyclohexene hydrocarbomethoxylation the higher catalytic activity of ruthenium chloride was determined. With using of ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate the values of rate and ester yield passed through the weakly expressed maximums with increase of triphenylphosphine concentration. Ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate didn’t show catalytic activity in absence of phosphinic promoter. It was stated that using of ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate as a catalyst of hydrocarbomethoxylation required the assist of higher acidic promoter in great concentrations. Ruthenium (III) chloride showed the catalytic activity even in absence of phosphinic and acidic promoters. The increase of methanol concentration was determined being a factor of enhanced ester yield and accelerated rate of cyclohexene hydrocarbomethoxylation catalyzed by ruthenium (III) chloride in the all investigated diapason of methanol concentrations. The obtained results are the base for a further formation of the processes ruthenium–catalyzed cyclohexene hydrocarbomethoxylation characterized by high rates and product yield in mild conditions.

112-119

Authors: Sevostyanova N., Batashev S.

This paper presents influence of some solvents on cyclohexene hydrocarbomethoxylation catalyzed by ruthenium(III) chloride. The objective of the work was contained in the determination of medium influence on the reaction rate and yield of product — methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate. The kinetic method was used as the main method of investigation. The gas–liquid chromatography method was used to analyze the reaction mass. Influence of methanol, toluene, acetone and water on the hydrocarmothoxylation rate and ester yield was studied. Limited choice of the solvents to investigations was dependent on low solubility of RuCl3 in the greatest part of them. Methanol was determined to be the most preferable medium to cyclohexene hydrocarbomethoxylation catalyzed by ruthenium (III) chloride in the site of the reaction rate and the product yield. The reaction rate increased linearity with increasing methanol concentration. In the toluene medium the dependences of reaction rate and ester yield on water concentration had slight maximums. The reaction rate was insensibility to water concentration. The reaction rate and product yield were decreased with increase of acetone concentration. Obtained results on the effect of acetone and water are interpreted in terms of donor–acceptor properties of oxygen-containing ligand–formatting agents. Hypothesis about alcoholate mechanism of reaction was moved. The obtained results will complete existing data about ruthenium–catalysed hydrocarbalkoxylation of alkenes and in practice will serve as a basis for search of the optimal conditions of these reactions.

126-129

Authors: Stepacheva A., Migunova E., Sulman E.

In current work, the investigation of the influence of solvents on fatty acid carboxylic group hydrogenation was carried out to produce fatty alcohols with a high yield. As the result, it was found that the use of hexane and toluene allows obtaining stearyl alcohol from stearic acid with the yield 98% and 99% respectively. Cyclohexane allows reaching of high substrate conversion but rather low selectivity due to the behavior of rehydrogenation reaction with the formation of hydrocarbon. Dodecane due to its high viscosity allows reaching of rather a high selectivity; however substrate conversion, in this case, does not exceed 80%.

134-140

Authors: Akhmadiev G., Mavrin G.

In urban areas of the Russian Federation, there is a serious aggravation of tension and ecological problems. The aim of this work is to develop the scientific foundations and principles for the evaluation and prediction of the environment and the viability of living organisms in the urban areas of Russia. Currently, the domestic and foreign scientists in the field of ecology in urban areas are not developed methods for evaluating and predicting the environment and the viability of living organisms. This could be reliably and objectively evaluate and predict, anticipate further and promising destiny of living organisms, especially people living and residing in urban areas of the Russian Federation to continue to identify the objective, legitimate ways and relationship development and the preservation of our civilization, given the state of the environment and viability of living organisms. The decision to let the goal to prevent, to exercise control and supervision in the sphere of security and limit the uncontrolled, chemical, technogenic, biogenic and radioactive and other pollution which pose a danger to all living organisms. This is especially true for the next generation and the various categories of the population living in urban areas of Russia. Therefore, it is now necessary to develop objective, reliable (fast) rapid methods of assessment and prediction of the environment and the viability of living organisms highly organized to preserve and to find ways to live the whole life–support systems, particularly in urban areas of Russia.

146-149

Authors: Abramova S., Korobkov D.

The paper discusses the problem of diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia in women premenopausal period. During the work, it was formed the best criteria for diagnosis of endometrial hyperplastic processes in perimenopausal women through the use of modern endoscopic, immunohistochemical techniques. The prospects of the use of immunohistochemical techniques in gynecologic practice. The study found that the study and analysis of hormone–receptor status in patients with hyperplastic processes of the endometrium prior to treatment in gynecological practice, is two things, first, hormone–receptor status with hyperplastic processes of the endometrium is of a purely individual nature, and degree of expression or high–low productive receptor ensembles tells about the mechanism of developmental disorders, and secondly, the hormone–receptor status determines the sensitivity of endometrial hyperplastic processes to hormone therapy.

154-165

Authors: Osipov G.

The paper deals with the formal theoretical basis of analytical, simulation and optimization modeling of single–channel and multichannel queuing systems with refusals with restrictions on the length of the queue characteristic of subject areas related to the security of the transport complex, technological and industrial systems. The concept of the use of fuzzy triangular numbers to set the service flow distribution laws. As an analytical platform for the study of selected package AnyLogic, which combines all existing simulation paradigm. Practical testing of the models was carried out on a series of practically important tasks of security and operation of water transport.

170-176

Authors: Starkova N., Zubko D.

The high social and economic role of electric power industry in the country’s economy was estimated. The direction and strategic goals of the reform of the sector, approved by the Russian government were indicated. It was determined that the current development of the industry should be implemented primarily by attracting private investment to guarantee compliance with the conditions of their repayment. However, high amounts of required capital investments in the modernization of the electric power, long payback periods, low profitability of the industry are the constraints of the investment activity of private companies. The cause of the low profitability of the enterprises of electric power in the first place is the high depreciation of production facilities that are in conditions of energy consumption growth simply cannot withstand the required load. The article identified the main features of the electric power industry, as an investment entity, which setting back the intention of private investors for investment in the modernization and development of the industry. These include: providing function of electric power industry as the basic sectors of the economy, which does not imply a profit as the main purpose of the operation; the presence of social burdens for some industry participants; technical and financial complexity of the implementation of investment projects; the existence of special conditions on the choice of investors; the difficulty of forecasting revenues in the long term planning and return on invested capital, in connection with the regular review of tariffs regional price controls. It was determined that in order to attract private investors in the projects of development of the industry is first necessary to develop an effective mechanism of investing power complex, satisfying all the subjects of investment activity.

181-188

Authors: Rozhkova D.

Each of Russian regions has its own specifics of placement of raw materials markets and sales markets and the Altai Region is no exception. The Altay Region is agro-alimentary region, which has seven natural and economic zones, each of which has its own agricultural specialization. The article considers peculiarities of the geographical location of industrial markets in the region by zones. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the status and principles of localization of raw zones in the context of the development of the agrifood market of the Altai territory. The volume of agricultural production, features of placing the food processing industry, the segmentation of the agrifood market of the Altai Region were analyzed by the author.

200-204

Authors: Sidorova A., Konnina E.

The right role in the regulation of the economic relations in the Russian Federation, its mechanism is considered. The analysis of the constitutional norms governing these relations is carried out. By consideration of economic processes within the right the emphasis on an active role of the provisions enshrined in the constitution is placed. The variety of forms of ownership is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation that is the most important element of the economic system of the Russian Federation. Authors of article consider all forms of ownership covered in the constitution of the Russian Federation. In the conclusion, the conclusion is drawn that it is impossible to enshrine in the constitution concrete economic model and a role of the state in it, to define degree and a limit of participation of the state in national economy, that the state cannot carry out the order the state resources by constant, uniform rules. At the same time, it is necessary to remember that the general content of constitutional and legal regulation of economy bears in itself an important restrictive function, designating overall objectives and problems of such intervention and providing appropriate means.

210-214

Authors: Tsvetkova I.

In this article, systematization of the factors influencing the formation of the personnel motivation system in the company. Factors that affect the motivation and stimulation of work of the personnel in the organization are divided into levels of formation and influence, as well as in content. Thus, the level of the formation of three levels identified: state, institutional and individual. According to the content identified: personal, economic, organizational and managerial factors of professional work and social characteristics of the work situation. A qualitative description of the factors in the category of substantial factors highlighted subspecies.

225-229

Authors: Krempovaya N., Kuzmicheva A.

In an article, such concepts as local finance, the value of local self–government, the formation of local finance, a role of formation of local finance of development of the municipality is considered. The practice of formation of local finance and its improvement in the municipality is considered. Authors note that at the moment local self–governments of many municipalities have no enough economic opportunities to influence the execution of the tasks set for them without the aid of public authorities. In the conclusion, the conclusion is drawn that presence of sufficient volumes of financial means and a concentration in local budgets of a certain part of financial resources allows local government bodies of the municipality to solve centrally problems of necessary strategic development of the territories and branches, and also to level inequalities and disproportion in economic social development of territories and the population of the municipality.

237-244

Authors: Bairam U., Safonova N.

This article deals with the essence of the bank investment lending, analyzed the current situation in the field of domestic bank lending to investment in fixed assets, the basic problems of crediting of the real sector of the economy and suggest ways address the problems identified. According to authors, bank investment crediting is the economic category implying granting bank credit resources to borrowers on creation or acquisition of the fixed business and non-productive assets on the terms of recoverability, availability at a price, security and target use of means. In the last three years in the structure of the attracted resources, investments from abroad appeared. This change is positive as confirms an increase in investment appeal of the Russian Federation, despite sanctions and other negative factors. In the conclusion authors come to a conclusion that they have to become the main directions of investment process the forced growth of capital investments, first of all, in development of public infrastructure and housing construction; investment into the sectors capable to provide competitiveness of the Russian economy; support of a number of the key sectors which do not have due investment potential; innovative nature of investments.

257-282

Authors: Guzhva Ye., Lesnaya M.

The article analyzes informal economy as a category of the economic science in terms of its content and existing forms from the standpoint of institutional economics. It is substantiated that the institutional approach is a logical step in the analysis of informal economy, which appeared after classical and neoclassical methods. Existing definitions and forms of informal economy are analyzed, complemented and summarized. Important characteristics of informal economy, directly manifesting in its current forms, are distinguished. Ways of improving the effectiveness of government rules are offered.

287-291

Authors: Abdurakhimov M.

The article describes the ways of formation of the state, non–state, self–supporting and departmental archives that based on existing legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, their activities in nowadays. Analyzed the activity of archives management for proper storage of documents, database of employees who works in archive system. Also, researched economic aspects such as finance of archives, tax benefits for archives and the services of paid and free services. Moreover, analyze the factors causing worsening economic condition of self–supporting archives. In addition, given suggestions and recommendations to improve the activities of archives. Also, based on the analysis results to develop more effective model of archive management.

303-307

Authors: Yakimov O.

Professional educational organizations should have the material and technical base, academic equipment’s, teaching staff with high qualifications and new learning technologies for the educational process. It is needed for the training of skilled workers and professionals, in modern society. Today, there are new requirements for training workers and specialists. The term “potential” covers a set of interconnected requirements and conditions. Nowadays, human potential is one of the main components of success and almost inexhaustible resource with good pedagogical support. The article considers the general concept of the term “potential”, examples of the potential’ forming, the essence, content and meaning of concepts and propositions. The authors identified and substantiated the necessity of pedagogical support. They emphasize that the potential necessary to develop at all stages of human development and prove it by concrete examples.

311-315

Authors: Ospanova D.

The article discusses the process of written scientific speech training should include two components: teaching understanding and evaluating texts that make the scientific speech in all its substantive and problematic species and learning the rules of creating texts in the chosen specialty. The idea about functional languages develops in the theory vernaculars among which numerous languages of science take essentially important place; studying of these languages represents the theory and practice of studying and teaching separate kinds of the professional scientific speech. The author specifies in the conclusion that to train students of the well-bred written scientific speech, are necessary: accurate problem definition, the existence of education and methodical guidance’s, and also the use of modern linguistic and lingo-didactic methods of training.

321-327

Authors: Baranov G.

The hypothesis of an explanation of a variety of objects of nature by criteria of methods and concepts of physical sciences is offered; the main classes of a physical variety of nature are characterized; a variety of nature is estimated by criteria of the scientific outlook.

334-342

Authors: Griban I.

For the last decades, the problem of memory is a subject of interdisciplinary researchers, causing wide interest of anthropologists, psychologists, literary critics, sociologists, cult urologists. The special attention to problems of memory is paid in historical science. In article an attempt to allocate the most actual and debatable aspects of studying of a phenomenon of memory as categories of historical science at the present stage is made: problems of a ratio of history and memory, definition of the term “historical memory”, a question of functions of historians in preservation of memory of the past. Key tendencies of development of researchers of historical memory are designated.

346-356

Authors: Protasova O.

The article analyzes the program views of representatives of the right wing of the Russian neonarodnichestvo — Socialist Party of People — by the state Institute of problems, the state of the Russian state in the first quarter of the twentieth century, as well as determine the appropriate directions and possible prospects of its development. It is shown that the national socialists were not completely characteristic of anti–state judgment and mood in any form; on the contrary, a socialist state in the future, they tied a just social system, the growth of general and civic culture of the Russian population. The main principle of their ideological concept was the recognition of the basic role of the state in political, social, economic processes in the lawmaking. This statist views Popular Socialists were flexible and dialectical; their commitment to the state as the principal political institution was not dogmatic, not overshadow the interests of society and the individual. Basic research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.

363-369

Authors: Revina S., Pochuykina V.

The Russian state is subject to the human rights activities through the system of state bodies, including the judiciary, as reflected in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The authors consider the human rights function of the state, judicial protection as one of the ways of state protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, study the elements of General system of protection of human rights in the Russian Federation and its Central element — the right to judicial protection. In this article, the authors carried out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the judicial protection of subjective rights in comparison with other forms of human rights functions of the state, analyzes judicial practice and the writings of legal scholars. The article discusses the system of judicial protection of the rights and freedoms of the individual in the broad and narrow sense, the author formulates the definition of the system of judicial protection of the rights and freedoms of man and in the broad and narrow sense, justifies the view on the right to judicial protection as a Central element of the system of judicial protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, since in the absence of such law it is impossible to protect other constitutional rights and freedoms.

378-381

Authors: Litvina E., Sidorova A.

This article describes the procedure for early termination of powers of the President of the Russian Federation on the basis of persistent inability for health reasons. The analysis of the various points of view on the procedure and the problems that arise in its implementation, including the judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation N. V. Vitruk. It is made an attempt to define the concept of “persistent inability for health reasons”. It is analyzed each ground for early termination of powers of the President of the Russian Federation in terms of subjective and objective nature of the occurrence. We consider the Russian President's integrity and its relationship with the public interest of the country. “Limiting” the mystery of private life of the Russian President, in view of his increased public importance, we offer not to recognize his exclusive right to the secrecy of data on diseases which can make him unable to carry out assigned powers. It is necessary to appoint the systematic estimation of the physical and mental state of health of the President by specially created body of health care. Moreover, this article offers some proposals to inform the public about the health of senior government officials.

388-393

Authors: Nesvit E.

Starting from enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation the state duty to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, determines the system of bodies with competence for the protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Based on the analysis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, presidential decrees and Government resolutions defined the public authorities empowered for the protection of human rights. As subjects of administrative–legal protection of the rights of citizens defined: the President of the Russian Federation, bodies of legislative authorities, executive authorities (the government of the Russian Federation, bodies of justice and internal affairs, other executive authorities), courts (Constitutional, Supreme and other courts), bodies of the control of the government (the Commissioner for human rights, the Commissioner for the rights of the child Commissioner for the protection of the rights of entrepreneurs, prosecutor's office, Administration of the President of the Russian Federation).

402-406

Authors: Shapovalovа V.

This article discusses this kind of contractual family law as a fictitious marriage. The author describes the peculiarities of a fictitious marriage institution in the family law of the Russian Federation, highlights the positive, negative sides and the most urgent problems of legal regulation of contractual marriages. Highlighting of the key features of the institution of marriage in foreign legislation and the conclusions about the need to establish administrative, family law and criminal liability for entering into fictitious unions have been made.

418-426

Authors: Zubenko Y.

The given literary work refers to the period of post–modernism, which is characterized by intertextuality, a rethinking of cultural elements of the past, uncertainty, and fragmentation. The novel of Christa Wolf “Medea” is characterized by these types of intertextuality such as intertextuality itself, ar hi textuality and paratextuality. The main forms of intertextuality in the novel are citation and allusion. There are the following precedent phenomena: precedent text, precedent names, precedent situation, precedent images. Case phenomena have a function of creating a historical and local color, and styling feature of the genre. Comparative analysis of the text of the novel with the protest reveals both coincidences and discrepancies compared to the original sources, resulting in a taped polemic character of the contents of the novel in relation to the primary sources and critical attitude to modern reality.

432-438

Authors: Paley A., Cherednichencko A.

The author of this article studies and analyzes the peculiarities of the vocabulary and style of the narrator in the novel “The Moon and Sixpence”. The analyses are based on the definition of the linguistic personality by Yu. N. Karaulov. We analyzed 33 examples of the narrator’s sentences. There are such stylistic devices as simile, allusion, irony etc. in the narrator’s speech. The author comes to the conclusion that the narrator in Maugham’s novel is a person with a wide scope, well–educated and broad–minded.

443-454

Authors: Kuzina N.

Comparative analysis of modern interpretations of Chekhov’s “The Cherry Orchard” in the film and on the stage as an example of exemplary modern directorial works offered in this article. The basic idea: to Chekhov production was authentic and the audience understood, the modern director must translate it into the language of art era, without compromising the reliability of the text.