Cumbres

11-22

Authors: Rigoberto García Batista 1, Libertad Machado López, Dolores Piñón Gómez, Alberto Gómez Ruiz, Miguel Ventura Cruz

This study was carried out in ten communes in Guayas and Santa Elena provinces in the period between January and May 2011, under the PIDAASSE Project, which included the visit and tour of the various plots of the project’s villagers with the objective to build information about what cultivations are developed in the sector, and what are the plant damages present in the area, either by pests or diseases, thereby facilitating the development objectives such as the assessment of agricultural management in crops, identifying key pests, establishment an agro-ecological pest management, MAP, with the implementation of different schemes depending on the crops to develop. The methodology used in the study was recommended by the INICA and Plant Health Department, where sampling areas of different crops production was performed, evaluating the damages and determining the causative agents. Also, the paper shows interviews to the villagers to have more knowledge of the situation in their areas of production. As a diagnostic result, the paper shows different schemes for the implementation of MAP in each of the following crops: cassava, plantain, vegetables, beans, corn, cucurbits and other.

30-34

Authors: Elmina Rivadeneira Rodríguez, Ricardo Silva Bustillos

The knowledge society requires an intellectually independent professional to decide for himself, with responsibility, empathy, using the managed self-knowledge and skills to critically submit their scientific and academic contributions in a reasoned manner, transmitting modes of intervention and Learning lifetime. The teacher fosters relationships and interactions between learner and teacher as an organizer, counselor, facilitator; between all these learners and to society through the process of learning to know (cognitive) to (cognitive) and be (metacognitive). The change in attitude will develop and master skills: methodological, communicative, technological epistemological-, socio-professional, didactic teaching in teachers to get: A creative and respectful attitude; foster a climate of empathy and equanimity towards different opinions; defend their thesis with arguments and accept the challenge; understand that there are different approaches to approach the study of the phenomenon.

43-47

Authors: Ángel Chú Lee, Lina Barreto Huilcapi, Brígida Agudo Gonzabay, Emerson Maldonado Guerrero, Sixto Chiliquinga Villacís

The Chinese civilization with more than 5000 years of history, we left four great inventions of mankind: the compass, paper, the Abaco and gunpowder, but, also for the health care a great treasure of Chinese traditional medicine as is acupuncture. It is defined to acupuncture as an art and a science that involves inserting very fine needles (disposable) on energy points on the body surface to restore or balance the flow of energy in invisible lines of the body, called meridians. In western end, the insertion of needles activate small myelinated fibers in the striated muscle, these send impulses to the Central Nervous System producing the release of neuropeptides (endorphin, enkephalin, Dinorfinas) blocking the painful messages from any part of the body.

57-62

Authors: Alberto Caballero Martínez, Concepción Marcillo García, Jesús Soto Espinoza

This paper highlights the most relevant elements of massive open online courses (MOOC) as a very valuable resource available at universities (1) to promote economic and social development and (2) to externalize the university in its environment. MOOC offer many advantages, among others, they improve the accessibility to the most recent knowledge generated at universities. However, the knowledge offered in these courses is not contextualized into the university environment. For this reason, the application of this knowledge in order to solve real social and economic problems is not clear. In this paper, a framework for the design, delivery, management and improvement of courses offered by universities in order to solve the nearest economic, social, political and cultural problems is proposed. Using the Virtual Learning Environment (EVA in Spanish) available at the university, the scope and the usefulness of these courses could be enhanced.