International Journal of Media and Information Literacy

257-268

Authors: Swati Agarwal, Sharmila Kayal, Nitesh Tripathi, Sayak Pal

“Education liberates the intellect, unlocks the imagination and is fundamental for self-respect” is one of the principles to which UNESCO adheres to. The big leap taken by new media and the technological advancements rather have shaped the face of the world enabling globalization and interconnectedness. This ushers in the possibility to provide ‘equal opportunities’ and ‘reduced inequality’ in terms of educational provisions. New media is partaking in increasing the reach of education to deprived and also helping in better facilitation and retention of knowledge. One migrating from the school to higher education has to adapt to new technology especially in media education. Absence of familiarity to new media might make it difficult to access to wider sphere of knowledge. This research aims to investigate the struggles to adapt to the use of intensive technology required for the media education. To attain the objectives of the research, a survey and focused group discussion are conducted among the student studying media at the undergraduate level. The data thus collected aids our understanding of the perceived usefulness of new media for education.

287-294

Authors: Marina Berezhnaia, Sergey Korkonosenko

The article aims to identify the changes that occur in the professional identity of journalists and also the factors of these changes. For this purpose, expert interviews were conducted with acting Russian journalists in two groups – with more than 20 and less than 7 years of experience in the media. The research is based on the hypothesis that at present, the community preserves the basic values and representations on identity derived from the traditional professional ideology, and at the same time variety and individualization in relation to the profession are increasing. One of the differentiation factors is the age and the related experience in the media industry. As a result of the study, the hypothesis was mainly confirmed. On the one hand, the ideals of citizenship, public service, and moral duty, traditional for the Russian press, are still present in professional ideology and determine identity, but this is more typical for the older generation. On the other hand, there is an increasing tendency to individualization of the profession representations and the choice of a behavior model as well as a deviation from universal standards and norms, which is especially evident among young experts. Thus, there is no grounds to talk about unified identity, whereas in reality it becomes heterogeneous and fluid. This research is an integral part of the comprehensive interuniversity project "Professional Ideology of Journalism" initiated at St. Petersburg State University. The results of expert interviews significantly complement the objective strong data obtained in other sections of the project.

305-314

Authors: Abdelbasset Dou

This paper identifies shared contents related to COVID-19 by Algerian Facebook users and aims to categorize them according to their level of truthfulness and harm. In addition, the paper reveals how the content and linguistic features contribute to the verification of the shared information’s (dis)factuality and (in)validity. A corpus of Facebook infodemic in Algeria (CoFIA) is compiled for the analysis. First, a factual analysis is conducted for the purpose of infodemic categorization into mis-, dis-, and mal-information. Second, a qualitative content analysis is used to highlight the harm of the information type by discussing major linguistic features found in those categories of information. Online fact-checking tools supported the confirmation of information disorders. Misinformation found in CoFIA was 46.77 %, disinformation was 36.22 %, and mal-information was 22 %. Besides, the content and linguistic aspects of the posts contributed to a considerable extent to the verification of the information type and the actors’ intentions to mislead and/or harm. Algerian Facebook users and even official pages did not recognize the risks of misinformation with the COVID-19 outbreak. Raising public awareness about the impacts of information on social media was recommended to precede such a health emergency.

324-338

Authors: Andrii E. Lebid, Vitalii V. Stepanov, Mykola S. Nazarov

Implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is an important tool to modernize Ukraine. The transforming effect may be enhanced via combination of tasks of the UN Sustainable Development Goals with principles and approaches to ensuring the Ukrainian national resilience. Here, the concept of social resilience requires researching specifically with focus on the triad “person – community – state”. In this triangle, we can single out key threats to social resilience, which correlates with Ukraine’s realizing the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Social resilience determines the implementation progress for 3 of 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals: Strong Health (№3); Stable Development of Cities and Communities (№11); Peace and Justice (№16). Thus, to realize these goals, the state policy must be based on firmer social resilience with necessary indexes.

350-359

Authors: Yulia Pshenichnykh, Irina Novi

The image of a tourist destination is an important factor in the development of tourism in the territory. At the same time, it is obvious that promoting a tourist destination on the internet is the most promising and effective way, since the internet possesses a huge number of different tools to shape an image. The spread of the internet and digital media gave people unlimited access to information. These information sources, such as internet portals of various authorities and institutions, including the profiles of these organizations on social networks. Additionally, travel blogs began to play an important role in marketing tourist destinations. The rise of video platforms such as YouTube and TikTok has led to the rise of user-generated content (UGC). The UGC contained in travel blogs have become convenient and important reference materials for tourists, both before and during travel. However, at present, studies on the role of internet resources play in promoting the tourism to specific territories are few. This present study defines the role of internet resources, namely official tourist portals, as a source of information about tourist destinations, as well as the potential for their use as a means of promoting a territory and shaping the image of a tourist destination. Information resources on the Internet were studied, positioning the Rostov region as a tourist destination, as well as communities on social networks. It was found that there are problems in the promotion of information resources of the Rostov region. Recommendations have been proposed to improve the image of the tourist territory in the digital media environment.

371-381

Authors: Roman Salny, Anastasiya Katrich

The article reflects the results of a comparative hermeneutic analysis of Soviet feature films from the 1930s to the early 1950s, including the study of cultural and historical contexts in order to consider their possible influence on the author's views, reflected in the specifics of the depiction of characters and reality, in the choice of plot motifs and other structural components of the film. On the basis of the results of the hermeneutic analysis of Soviet feature films from the 1930s to the early 1950s, film images, types of film characters and plot motifs that reflect the prevailing "points of view" about cultural values and traditions and characterise stereotypical models of social interaction of characters in accordance with five types of cinematic discourse (interpersonal, artistic-aesthetic, religious-ideological, historical-cultural, mythological are described and systematized), the content of the structural-functional model of cultural identity that we have developed and that is represented in the national cinema. In the interpersonal relations of characters in Soviet feature films of the 1930s and early 1950s, the following features peculiar to the Russian mentality are preserved: emotional openness, sincerity, trust and reciprocity. The characters possess signs of traditional Russian cultural identity: unselfishness, aspiration to collectivism and service to society. At the same time, the heroes of the films of this time lose their subjectivity. In the relations between society and nature represented by the cinema screen in the relations between society and nature depicted on the cinema screen of this period of a materialistic worldview.

401-415

Authors: Lyudmila Seliverstova, Lyudmila Vinichenko

The article deals with the ideological format of the primer, the first book that teaches reading. The concept "ideologeme", the role of ideologemes in the spiritual, moral and socio-political education of children is considered. The authors examine persistent verbal complexes along with visual means in educational publications as representatives of ideological attitudes that play an important role in shaping the worldview of younger children. The transformations taking place in society are invariably reflected in the ideological attitudes mainstreamed in educational literature. The ideologeme "faith" is analyzed on the basis of primers and books for teaching reading literacy, published in the German language in the period from 1901 to 2022. The ideologeme "faith" is considered by analyzing its several universal concepts such as trust, mercy, kindness, care and a few phantom ones: faith in God's protection, faith in the leader, state leadership, in oneself; care for the soul, for the neighbor, for nature, for the common good. The obtained results make it possible to trace the transformation of the components of the universal ideologeme "faith" in a diachronic aspect and come to the conclusion that basic universal human values, updated by ideologemes, do not undergo significant changes over time, while socio-political, politically biased, artificially formed values, either transform or disappear.

427-435

Authors: Anna S. Slavko, Vladyslava M. Zavhorodnia, Sergey I. Degtyarev

The article analyzes the rights of journalists in situations of armed conflict and in international documents regulating the implementation of international humanitarian law. Freedom of expression serves as the foundation for the functioning of a democratic society. The significance of journalism in ensuring the proper exercise of freedom of expression cannot be overstated. Journalists are often recognized as the "watchdogs" of the democratic process. They play a crucial role in combating corruption, fostering public dialogue on sensitive issues, and shaping societal values. The coverage of armed conflicts and post-conflict recovery also occurs with the direct involvement of journalists. Given this, it is essential to establish mechanisms to protect journalists in conditions of armed conflict. The article analyzes acts adopted at the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and others, aimed at ensuring the protection of journalists in armed conflicts. International journalist organizations (Reporters Without Borders, the International Federation of Journalists, the Committee to Protect Journalists, etc.) actively contribute to shaping protective instruments for journalists. Under international humanitarian law, journalists enjoy the same level of protection as other civilians. In the context of armed conflict, attacks on a journalist's life may result from incidental harm or deliberate targeting. In the latter case, such an attack constitutes a war crime. Depending on the circumstances, this action may fall under the jurisdiction of national courts or the International Criminal Court. If journalists join a warring party, they forfeit their protected status according to the norms of international humanitarian law.

448-457

Authors: Marina Tselykh

The “Information for All” editorial house published new monograph “Evolution of theoretical film studies concepts in the Cinema Art journal (1931-2021)”. This book is one from a series of articles and books on cinema published in recent years as part of the same research collective. New research “Evolution of theoretical film studies concepts in the Cinema Art journal (1931–2021)” supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-28-00317), and devoted to the analysis of transformations of theoretical concepts and is based on a review of materials presented on the pages of the Cinema Art journal. This analysis is very extensive and covers the period from the 1930s (when this journal first began to appear) to the present. The material of this book might be of interest for higher-school teachers, students, graduate students, researchers, film critics, cinema scholars, journalists, as well as for the wide range of readers who are interested in the history of cinema art, problems of cinema, film criticism and film sociology. In connection with the publication of the monograph Alexander Fedorov gave an interview to Professor Marina Tselykh.

4-13

Authors: Visualization in the Context of Motivation Development Within the Framework of Corporate Training

The current stage of socio-economic development is characterized by the use of information and digital technologies in all spheres of human activity. The processes of production, exchange and consumption of goods, including knowledge and information, have changed. Intellectualization and digitalization of production systems are the main trends of economic development, which are supported in many countries. The functioning space of any organization is now increasingly facing difficulties in processing a large amount of data and new information to maintain competitiveness at the proper level. Employees’ cognitive skills are also being transformed. According to our surveys, it is more difficult for employees to focus and keep their attention on all incoming information, process and analyze large amounts of data, present compressed data in reports so as to briefly and quickly explain the essence. Also, employees tend to experience stress because they do not have time to master new skills necessary for work. This is especially felt by representatives of creative professions (designers), as well as marketers, programmers, etc. Moreover, the modern volume of data should not just be perceived by employees, but analyzed, understood and used in work. All this leads to an increase in the volume of corporate training, which is not always of high quality and often includes traditional forms in the form of lectures, seminars. In the current situation, it is necessary to apply new approaches, techniques and methods to the education system at different levels in order to develop students' skills that are in demand in a modern technological environment. Modern educational practice is more effective when it uses visualization.

61-73

Authors: Renate Selma Hilaby, Ahmad Maulidizen, Muhammad Azwar

Although it sparked a lot of attention from the media and the public at the beginning of its release in 1998, even today's e-reader devices do not automatically beat the popularity of printed books. It is due to the inability of e-readers to provide responsive features, and there are still many book fans who are happy with their own experience of reading printed books. This study aims to analyze how perception and usability affect e-reader user satisfaction. The population in this study are followers of Autobase Twitter @literarybase. This study uses non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The sample chosen is people who have had the experience of reading a book using an e-reader device. Conducted The research with quantitative methods using data from 132 respondents through the distribution of questionnaires with a Likert scale as primary data. The test uses a data instrument, correlation coefficient, classical assumption test, and multiple linear regression test. The real test is done with SPSS software. The results showed that each variable, Perception (X1) and Usability (X2), had the same effect, either partially or jointly, on the Consumer Satisfaction variable (Y). The conclusion shows readers do not have problems with old stereotypes and perceptions about reading activities that e-reader devices cannot present. The absence of a distinctive fragrance, attractive cover, page-turning activity, and many other things closely related to printed books did not eliminate the pleasure of respondents when using the e-reader device. Readers also view usability on e-reader devices as good performance, both in terms of features, navigation, and device responsiveness.

86-98

Authors: Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim, Hajara Umar Sanda, Phuong Vi Thi

Despite social TV is still a new research concept, modest advances have been made though mostly in Western contexts with little attention being given to motivating factors of multiscreen social TV system use intentions. This article aims to close this literature void though not by focusing on the development of non-Western literature mainly but by focusing on augmenting the body of existing literature in multiscreen social TV system use intentions. To achieve this objective, past and existing literature both in Western and non-Western contexts was critically reviewed. A three-dimension (independent variable, mediating variable, and dependent variable) conceptual model was designed, based on the reviewed literature, with six constructs as independent variables namely: usability, sociability, social presence, multi-modality, user-generated content, and hedonism) theorised to be mediated by ‘attitude’ and behavioural intention is theorised as the dependent variable. The article concludes that the motivating factors of multiscreening social TV system use intention have not been exhaustively identified yet and multisreening is a complex social phenomenon that requires holistic research to understand deeper. Therefore, further empirical research is needed to provide further evidence-based understanding of the factors that motivate people to intend to go multiscreening while watching TV.

106-113

Authors: Sergey Korkonosenko, Zalina Khubetcova

The authors aim to trace how the evolution of the journalism studies took place under the impact of social and cultural factors. The article examines the processes of institutionalization of this field of knowledge in the world, in particular in Germany and the USA. The research community from Russia takes an active part in international academic cooperation, but its experience is characterized by a clear national and cultural identity. To reveal this specificity, the authors focus on the oldest Russian school of journalism that has developed at St. Petersburg University. Since its foundation, it has gravitated towards the classical university model typical of Russian higher education, which nevertheless organically combines with applied training. In this respect, the Petersburg school differs from a number of precedents in other countries, where pragmatic education is cultivated on the basis of communication methodology in science. The article presents the stages of formation and the current state of the school, shows the determining influence on it of national traditions in science and the dynamic social environment, describes the effective practice of project organization of research work. The results of projects are embodied in the ongoing series of monographs "Petersburg School of Journalism and Mass Communications".

122-144

Authors: Anastasia Levitskaya, Elena Kornienko, Andrei Novikov

Despite the sharp power struggle that continued throughout 1928–1930 in the top Power of the USSR (this time the so-called “right deviation” in the Communist party was being liquidated), the situation in the cinema and in the press became the subject of close attention. Former “formalistic” liberties and relative creative freedom gradually began to disappear under the pressure of ideological censorship. In particular, cinema, film distribution and the press became the field of the communist struggle against bourgeois propaganda, entertainment, formalism. And here, a severe ideological and administrative blow was dealt to the Teakinopechat publishing house, headed by V. Uspensky (1880–1929), who in the second half of 1928 – early 1929 was also the editor of the Soviet Screen. A number of meetings were also held to strengthen control over the cinema and the press. All these events could not but affect the overall situation in Soviet Screen: its pages from 1925 to 1930 saw a gradual and consistent decrease in the number of articles about Western cinema, which eventually led to an almost tenfold decrease in this kind of texts in 1930 relative to 1925. The reasons for this decline in the volume of magazine articles on Western cinema are mainly related to the ideological and administrative struggle of the Soviets against Western influence in all spheres of culture, which intensified sharply by the end of the 1920s. Based on the content analysis of texts published in the Soviet Screen magazine from 1928 to 1930, this article highlights the following main genres and trends within the framework of topics related to Western cinema: - articles sharply criticizing the policy in the field of distribution of foreign films in USSR and the harmful influence of Western cinema on Soviet viewers; - biographies and creative portraits of Western actors and directors, which were already published in much smaller volumes compared to the period of 1925–1927 and were more ideologized; - reviews of Western films (also kept to a minimum and with a greater critical focus); - reviews of Western national cinematographies, which on the whole give a very negative assessment of the film process in leading Western countries; - articles about Western newsreels, where criticism of the bourgeois system and cinema in general was also intensified; - articles about foreign film technology, studios and cinemas (perhaps the only section of the magazine that still retained an ideologically neutral presentation of facts and calls to adopt foreign technical experience, for example, in the field of sound films); - short informational materials about events in foreign cinema (which, in contrast to 1925–1927, were already deprived of neutrality and photos of Hollywood stars, but were presented in a feuilleton and revealing manner).

168-177

Authors: Olga Pechinkina, Tatiana Vepreva

Nowadays information literacy is an indispensable competence as information is ubiquitous and overwhelming. This competence is required in all spheres and should be constantly improved. The article aims to pinpoint the opportunities of integrating information literacy into academic writing as the latter is one of the fundamental skills that students acquire and develop throughout most of the university courses. To achieve the goal the authors reviewed various interpretations of the term "information literacy" stated by different researchers, designed and realised assignments aimed at integrating information literacy and academic writing, carried out a preliminary analysis of the results obtained, and formulated perspectives for further research. The results proved that academic writing can not be taught without information literacy and their integration leads to a synergetic effect on the instruction. Information literacy is an integral part of bachelor, master, and PhD courses. It can be implemented in all educational forms, namely, individual, pair, group, and class activities. One of the fruitful prospects for further research is designing courses and programmes for teachers to involve them in more active information literacy integration into the educational process.

191-203

Authors: Ida Rosida, Tuty Handayani

This article discusses women’s gossiping practices as they are presented in the films; Tilik (2018), Pitch Perfect 3 (2017), and Emma (2020). This paper aims to show how social and cultural construction has constructed women as gossipers and affected their gender and cultural identity. The method used is qualitative and applies the concept of gender and cultural identity. The result shows that women’s behavioral engagement in gossiping has addressed them as gossipers. The three films represent how religious tenet doesn't have a relation to Indonesian Muslim women's gossiping. The films also revealed that historically, since the 18th century, gossipers have attached to women's appropriate behavior and have nothing to do with social status; both Upper and Middle-class women are gossiping. The films strengthened the idea that gossiping practice is appropriate for women and inappropriate for men. These films bring women's representation as gossipers and carry out the negative stereotype for them. This behavior is considered negative as the topic discussed is cursing others, spreading negative information, humiliating people, and somehow ruining other’s people reputations. When a society believes and internalizes that women are gossipers then it becomes their gender identity and at the same time affects their cultural identity.

218-227

Authors: Anna S. Slavko, Vladyslava M. Zavhorodnia, Sergey I. Degtyarev

The article examines realizing the right to freedom of expression under martial law conditions. The authors analyze the concept, content, and guarantee of the right to freedom of expression within national and international legal orders. In particular, the guarantees right to freedom of expression are considered. The study explicitly focuses on how the constitutions of various countries determine the conditions for restricting freedom of expression. Most national constitutions consider the right to freedom of expression as a relative right that may be subject to interference to protect national security, the privacy of individuals, the authority of justice, the protection of commercial property, etc. In the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law, at least such elements of freedom of expression are highlighted: freedom to adhere to views; freedom to disseminate information and ideas; freedom to receive information and ideas; freedom of the press; freedom of radio and television broadcasting. The ECtHR’s approaches to derogation are studied. The ECtHR`s jurisprudence contains several cases related to limiting freedom of expression during the derogation. The authors argue that despite security threats, the ECtHR believes that without dialogue within society, a democratic process is impossible. Therefore, imposing disproportionate restrictions on freedom of expression violates Art. 10 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter ECHR or Convention). Criteria for determining the proportionality (a necessity in a democratic society) of interference with freedom of expression under martial law can be: the sphere of social relations to which the information belongs; the primary source of information; credibility of information; consequences of dissemination of information; the subject of information dissemination; method of dissemination of information.

240-245

Authors: Marina Tselykh

Today, Russian-Polish relations cannot be called warm or friendly, although there have been periods of constructive and mutually beneficial cooperation between Moscow and Warsaw in history. Under these conditions, it is important not to slide down to the level of denying or “cancelling” the culture of other countries and peoples... An excellent example of such a thoughtful, deep, professional analysis is the book by film critic Alexander Fedorov “Polish Album: Movies Notes”, which reveals the theme of Polish cinematography and its reflection in the mirror of Soviet and Russian film criticism. This book continues the series of film studies publications by Professor Alexander Fedorov on Soviet and foreign cinematography. Some of these books have already been talked about in the film and media press, and some of them have won awards from the Guild of Film Critics and Film Critics. The material of this book might be of interest for higher-school teachers, students, graduate students, researchers, film critics, cinema scholars, journalists, as well as for the wide range of readers who are interested in the history of cinema art, problems of cinema, film criticism and film sociology. In connection with the publication of the monograph Alexander Fedorov gave an interview to Professor Marina Tselykh.