International Journal of Media and Information Literacy

4-17

Authors: Mahirza Putra Aulia, Ida Rosida

This study explores the phenomenon of groups of men known as Involuntary Celibates (Incels) in an internet meme culture. This research used Visual methodologies by Rose Gillian, and Masculine domination by Pierre Bourdieu. In addition, this research used the additional The Red Pill psychology theoretical framework by Peter Wright and Paul Elam followed by several Red Pill ideologies which spread across The Red Pill communities. All the data are collected from several internet memes platforms and the following memes are downloaded that represent Incels-related subjects. The results show that the correlation between Masculine domination and The Red Pill hierarchical masculinity had formed the heteronormative masculinity in which men are considered attractively masculine if they fulfilled the heteronormative scale of desired men, such as physical appearances (height, facial features, and muscularity), psychological traits, and socioeconomic behaviour. Furthermore, Incels’ celibacy reflected in a meme culture is rooted in their unattractiveness, thus perfectly manifesting the emphasizing of heteronormative masculinity as a standard of real desired men as Incels are rejected both by society and women based on their unfulfillment of heteronormative masculinity which displays in Incels-related memes.

28-37

Authors: Tatiana Byundyugova, Anna Babikova, Elena Kornienko

A necessary skill of a modern person existing in the information world is information literacy. Educational organizations of various levels actively use modern information technologies in the educational process, which contribute to improving academic results, developing digital literacy, and increasing the motivation of students. Promising technologies that meet the above requirements are visual learning technologies. A significant number of publications devoted to visual technologies and the peculiarities of their use in teaching various sciences speak about the prospects of these technologies and their undeniable advantages. With the help of visual images, graphics and diagrams, complex material is absorbed more efficiently, students work productively with complex schemes and algorithms. By transforming the information that needs to be processed into visual diagrams, students easily memorize it and use it to solve their tasks. The purpose of this study is to study the possibilities of using visual technologies in the educational process to develop students' motivation, improve the quality of the educational process. The study suggests using visual technologies, such as: intelligence maps, infographics and pictograms, scribing, sketching. The research program is based on the diagnosis of the level of motivation to learn before and after the use of active and passive visual technologies in adult education. The study was conducted for four months as part of adult education directed from organizations using visual technologies. Teachers were instructed and methodical training, after which classes were implemented. The results of the work showed that the use of visual technologies makes it possible to increase the level of motivation of students, as well as to better memorize, reproduce information and use it in their practical activities.

48-59

Authors: Albina Dolgireva, Tatyana Balina, Anastasia Levitskaya

The purpose of museum pedagogy is aimed at the development of research abilities, cognitive interest. Tasks of museum pedagogy are to form an idea of the museum, its functions, and capabilities; develop artistic and creative skills; create conditions for the development of visual culture; increase the number of cognitive forms and tools; expand horizons and world outlook; sparkle cognitive interest and study motivation; develop research skills and abilities. In this sense, museum pedagogy and media education have quite a few similar cornerstones, and so, our project is relevant in both the practical sense and the theoretical sense. The article elaborates upon the creative media production project of a multimedia booklet Taganrog – the cultural capital of the Don, created by students of Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics in 2021. The theoretical background of the project is media education and museum education pedagogical frameworks. The empirical research embraces primary research of the motives of the educational activity (diagnostics); the survey based on the structured interview questions and the secondary research of the motives of the educational activity (re-diagnostics).

71-109

Authors: Alexander Fedorov, Anastasia Levitskaya

On the basis of an analysis of film studies concepts (in the context of the sociocultural and political situation, etc.) of the second decade of the journal Cinema Art (1945–1955) the authors conclude that theoretical works on cinematic subjects during this period can be divided into the following types: - theoretical articles written in support of the Resolutions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party dedicated to culture (including – cinematography) and defending the principles of socialist realism and communist party in cinematography (1946–1955) (Y. Borev, A. Burov, A. Groshev, D. Eremin, A. Karaganov, D. Pisarevsky, V. Razumny, N. Semenov, V. Skaterschikov, V. Sutyrin, etc.) - theoretical articles opposing "cosmopolitanism," formalism and bourgeois influence, contrasting them with communist ideology and class approaches (1949–1955) (A. Abramov, Y. Arbat, S. Ginzburg, I. Greenberg, I. Dolinsky, D. Eremin, S. Freilich, V. Scherbina, Y. Vostrikov, I. Weisfeld and others); - theoretical articles critical of bourgeois film theories and Western influence on Soviet cinema (1945–1955) (G. Avarin, I. Weisfeld, etc.); - theoretical articles devoted mainly to professional problems: the development of color in film, genres, entertainment, film dramaturgy, etc. (1945–1955) (A. Dovzhenko, S. Eisenstein, A. Golovnya, L. Kosmatov, V. Lazarev, A. Macheret, M. Romm, V. Shklovsky, V. Zhdan, etc.); - theoretical articles balancing between ideological and professional approaches to the creation of cinematic works of art (1945–1955) (L. Belova, V. Frolov, S. Gerasimov, N. Morozova, L. Pogozheva, V. Pudovkin, V. Turkin, G. Tushkan, I. Weisfeld, etc.); - theoretical articles calling on the authorities to ensure organizational transformations that would promote the intensive development of film studies as a science (N. Lebedev).

118-131

Authors: Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim, Ahmed Lawal Gusau, Salisu Uba

One of the most significant changes the information and communication ecology is the internet. It not only allows for real-time contact and engagement across time zones, but it also allows for successful social growth and crisis management, including the promotion of distance learning, particularly during the COVID-19 epidemic and its associated lockdown on educational systems. This disruption of education poses a threat to learning in Nigeria, and the consequences of continuing to close schools and academic programmes might have detrimental consequences for students, parents, and the country. Students can be encouraged to explore their own interests and become active learners during the lockdown by using internet-enabled ICT as a resource. However, this was noticeably absent in Nigeria ’s educational system. This paper aims to provide a simple, cost-effective, and alternative pedagogical system for use during and after the epidemic, particularly for open schools and institutions. This study offers an e-learning system based on the use of a computer and Android smartphone apps to help mitigate the detrimental effects of the continued lockdown on the Nigerian pedagogical system, or what this paper refers to as the ‘edu-lockdemic.’ The proposed system was developed as a framework based on a comprehensive examination of existing literature, and it is projected to allow institutional managers to monitor school and academic teaching and learning activities in a virtual learning area known as a “CT-learning area.” In the conclusion, policy recommendations are made.

145-156

Authors: Alexander Kazakov, Alexander Vilkov, Nikolay Shestov

Within contemporary scholarships, various aspects of media consumption of «digital» generation are actively studied. However, there is still not enough research on relationship between typical media practices of young people and their inherent political ideas, values, and attitudes. This article is aimed at partially filling this gap by revealing a correlation between the information sources young Russians use, on the one hand, and how they feel about politics and see their country’s future – on the other. Empirical data of the study contains results of online survey of 519 young people (aged between 14 and 35) living in the Saratov region, and three focus group interviews in which 36 people took part. Some of the results obtained are brought into correlation with the conclusions made by “Russian Public Opinion Research Center” and “Public Opinion Foundation” specialists. Among other things, a feature is confirmed that many young people do not trust the sources they receive information from.

167-178

Authors: Elena A. Makarova, Elena L. Makarova, Iakov Korovin

The project is motivated by the increase of hate speech in different level media. In the times of global disasters people rely on media as an important source of information. Our goal was to highlight that media can change the psyche of people in the times of uncertainty. It is obvious that social anxiety is fueled by fake news, spam and hate speech. Our research was based on analysis of mass media techniques and their influence on the formation of negative stereotypes and prejudices. The analysis results show that in the period of pandemic a new vocabulary appeared and modern media influence the change in society’s attitudes from tolerance to intolerance. Influence is increasing on the processes of changing culture and values in the society, therefore it is impossible to ignore its impact on life practices. Media fix this situation but create new stereotypes. Many journalists use hate speech unintentionally but due to the lack of professional skills. The conclusion is that hate speech is the power that spreads, provokes, encourages or justifies racial hatred, xenophobia, or other forms of intolerance-based hatred; it is based on negative attitudes to people. COVID-19 anxiety and fear cannot justify unprofessional use of hate speech, which should not be underestimated or ignored. The study also shows that alongside with uncertainty and fear caused by COVID-19 pandemic hate speech as a social phenomenon adds to tension and stress, and as such should be studied, analyzed and differentiated from sarcastic or ironic statements causing no harm.

190-196

Authors: Dayananda Prabhu, Jyothi Mallya, Vidya Patwardhan, Ajith Nayak

While digital technologies are opening up new avenues for learning, they are also leading to social inequalities; for instance, they have given rise to the digital gender gap. Though a significant effort is being made to make internet access universal, currently, there exists a significant gender gap concerning access, ownership of digital devices, and digital competence (DC). Digital gender equality is one of the critical enablers of sustainable development, so there is a need to assess this gap and develop meaningful indicators for use in designing and implementing effective policies. Accordingly, this study aims to examine this gender divide in DC, specifically among the hospitality students in India. We use the quantitative survey method based on DigiComp framework 2.1 to collect data from a total of 359 hospitality graduates to capture their level of DC in terms of information and data literacy, communication, content creation, safety and problem-solving. Our findings suggest no gender difference in the parameters under study except for problem-solving competence, which includes the ability to solve technical problems, use technology creatively and identify needs and technological responses.

210-220

Authors: Lyudmila Seliverstova, Irina Samarina, Anastasia Levitskaya

The main focus of the research is the cinematic representation of the USSR in modern Russia. The texts under study are Russian feature films and TV series of the last decade, 2010–2020. The relevance of the stated topic is due to the increasing interest in the era of the USSR, including the interpretation of historical facts and their emotional assessment, which form a system of social expectations and thereby directly determine the assessment of the experienced present and the desired future. The film narrative is considered as an integral structure – a set of linguistic and iconic messages. The conclusions are made about the specific myths defining cinematic representations of Soviet sports in modern films. Films about sports, which are extremely popular, are aimed at the mass audience. Audiovisual texts on sports topics are an effective tool for strengthening and promoting various social myths, and the images of athletes and their coaches are the basis of these myths. Representation of Soviet sports in modern films is modeled by the following myths: the Soviet athlete is a patriot, a man of the people; the Soviet coach is tough, but fair, uncompromising when it comes to the interests of the team or players; a professional, an innovator, often an outstanding athlete in the past; athletes and coaches usually have to resist the villain embodied by the party/state official, and succeed in competitions despite the efforts of the latter; the opposing team are professionals, however often unfair practice and unsportsmanlike behavior is featured; the triumph of Soviet sport is achieved despite the shortcomings of Soviet society. Through modern film texts as a metalanguage, the transformation of the traditional myth and the establishment of new cultural codes of Soviet existence takes place. That is, modern cinema does not feature, but constructs the parameters of the social and cultural life of the society of the USSR era. The authors of audiovisual media texts offer the viewer up-to-date codes of personal and group feelings, often contradictory or overly exaggerated. We assume that such a perspective of the study will allow us to expand the idea of Soviet ideology as a mythological system, which is relevant in modern cultural studies, the theory of mass communication and linguistics, first of all, about the mechanisms of its formation and translation to the masses.

233-241

Authors: Anna S. Slavko, Vladyslava M. Zavhorodnia, Sergey I. Degtyarev, Sholpan A. Zabikh

An important attribute of present-day society is the ability to make sense of past conflicts and prevent future ones on the basis of such reflections. A central tool in this regard has been the right to truth, realizing which enables the public to not only learn about mass and gross human rights violations and their perpetrators but also seek guarantees that there will be no repeat of such events in the future. Institutionally, the right to truth is realized both via international and domestic legal procedures and through the use of various investigative and quasi-investigative commissions. The latter include truth commissions. The foundational principles underlying the operation of truth commissions were developed by UN specialists, with the basic idea being to establish such commissions in post-conflict societies as independent entities, provide them with access to all relevant documents and victims, and supply them with all necessary financial and operational support. To gain an insight into models for the formation and operation of truth commissions, an analysis was conducted of the activity of the Study Commission for Working Through the History and the Consequences of the SED Dictatorship in Germany, the Yugoslav Truth and Reconciliation Commission (both representing Europe), the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Africa), and the Truth Commission for El Salvador (Latin America). The conclusion drawn from the study is that each of these commissions has been criticized for inefficient activity, despite differences in the fulfillment of their recommendations. Truth commissions formed of local specialists tend to enjoy a higher level of support from the public. The realization of the commissions’ recommendations tends to depend on there being political will and to be possible only under pressure from the international community and a state’s civil society.

255-263

Authors: Dmytro Syzonov

The article interprets lexicographic problems from a new perspective, namely: in the media ecology. The main focus of the article is on language innovations which are actively being integrated into media communication. Their replication is not always correct and logical. We have conducted a professional survey among prospective users of the dictionary of language innovations (Shevchenko, Syzonov, 2021), which enables to assess the role of media ecology in lexicography. Among those involved in the analysis are responses from journalists, SMM analysts, PR specialists, publishing editors, and media corporation managers. The analysis has revealed that an overwhelming majority of media workers monitor language innovations and often use them in media texts. Different motivations for using language innovations (from trendiness to deliberate manipulation) give rise to incorrect interpretation by recipients, that is why it is proposed to pay attention to the media environment when replicating language innovations in the media. Lexicographers are advised to pay attention to the environmental factor when compiling dictionaries of new vocabulary. It is proposed to adhere to infolexicographic literacy when working with a media product as an illustrative material for dictionaries of language innovations.

272-279

Authors: Safeena Yaseen, Ibtesam Mazahir, Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

The rapid expansion of the advertising arena compels marketers to contest each other for acquiring greater market share than their competitors. Therefore, it has become extremely complex for brands to grab the audience’s attention for sustaining a greater market share. Considering this, advertisers nowadays are making a 360-degree shift in their traditional approach of reaching out the customers through rational advertising and communication strategies. Contrary to the rational advertising approaches, emotional advertising approaches are being widely considered more effective to grab and sustain the market share. To incorporate the emotional advertising approaches, advertisers and marketers have yet to innovate the concept of emotional intelligence in the context of advertising and the marketing domain. Emotional Intelligence is defined as “the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions.” Consumers form an external emotional connection with the brand aligned with their personal experiences. Hence, advertisers want to float advertising messages carrying positive emotional meaning. This, in turn, should help advertisers to acquire a greater market share than their competitors. Specifying the importance of emotional intelligence in the field of advertising, this study aims to investigate the prospects/potential of innovating emotional intelligence for the advertising and marketing field. The objective of this study is to assess the multiple dimensions of consumer research, where emotional intelligence has already been applied. Further, the results have been generated to analyze the gaps where more innovation can be made in terms of incorporating the concept of emotional intelligence. The study uses 33 articles published in well-reputed journals. The exploratory analysis of 33 research articles discussing the role of emotional intelligence in marketing and advertising has been conducted. Based on the analysis, this study assesses the potential that exists in this field and its role in the existing field of advertising regarding consumer association with certain brands. Multiple themes have been identified that hint upon greater connectivity of emotional intelligence in purchase decisions and other relevant advertising processes. This study will further help advertisers and marketers to innovate the concept of emotional intelligence in the context of advertising and the marketing domain.