Nanomedicine Research Journal

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Authors: Yasser Shahbazi; Nassim Shavisi

Objective(s): A remarkable growing effort has been conducted by several researchers to fabricate food packaging materials which are able to protect foodstuffs and enhance their shelf-life from food-borne pathogens and fungal attack which causes great damage to the food industries. Recent studies has focused on the potential applications of nano-metal oxides in food packaging area. Methods: This study reviews the latest trends and research results concerning the application of chitosan films containing some important nano-metal oxides as appropriate materials for food applications. Results: Nano-metal oxides including zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silicon dioxide, and silica are the most common nano-metal oxides that incorporated into the chitosan film for improving its antimicrobial, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Conclusions: The reviewed nano-metal oxides may have positive implications for food industries, particularly in the area of food packaging based on nanoparticles to improve the physic-mechanical properties and also quality shelf-life parameters of foodstuffs.

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Authors: farnaz sadat fattahi 1 AKBAR KHODDAMI 2 OZAN AVINC 3

In recent years, the adaptation of tissue engineering techniques is necessary to progress the field of cardio-vascular bio-logy and advancing patient care. Through the high event of cardio-vascular disease and increasing amount of patients needing vascular admission, there is a considerable require for small-diameter

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Authors: Fatemeh Shariati 1 Marzieh Ayatallahzadeh Shirazi 2

As a rapidly-evolving global technology, nanotechnology has presumably brought drastic changes to our lives in the past two decades using engineered nanoparticles, whose penetration into industrial and non-industrial wastewater requires examination of their probable effects in aquatic ecosystems. The main objective of this work is to study the toxicological and biological effects of nanomaterials. Experiments on exposure of Dunaliella salina to SiO2 nanoparticles were performed for 72 hours with 7 treatments, two controls and three replicates were in each treatment and daily counting of cells was done in each tube. After extraction, chlorophyll a and carotenoid were measured using spectrophotometry method. Imaging of nanoparticles encountering algae cells was performed using cell imaging method by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The population growth rate alterations were evaluated. Probit analysis and softwares such as Excel and SPSS21 were used for data analysis. After exposure to SiO2 NPs, a significant difference was observed between chlorophyll a and carotenoid compared with control (p<0.05) and also carotenoid content was decreased with increasing the concentration in treatments and a significant difference was observed (P <0.05). Also, SiO2 NPs caused to inhibit growth in Dunaliella species.

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Authors: Mahya Shafiee Nasab 1 Mahsa Tabari 2 Sirus Bidarigh 3

Objective(s): Nanocomposite active packaging systems were used to prepare antimicrobial and antifungal properties. This study was to investigate the physical and antimicrobial activity of prepared films against three types of aflatoxin producing fungi Aspergillus Flavus. Material and methods: For investigating the effect of antibacterial nano-covers, the direct contact of 0, 1%, 3% and 5% zinc oxide nanoparticles was contaminated with standard strains of three types of Aspergillus Flavus (PTCC 5004), Aspergillus Parasiticus (PTCC 5286) and Aspergillus Parasiticus (PTCC5018) provided. Pistachios were coated by edible films then peroxid index gradient were measured during the time for coating Pistachios containing different concentrations of 0, 1 and 3% of “nano-ZnO”. Then coating pistachios were preserved inside sealed Polyethylene bags for six months and the effect of preventing fungal growth during the time were investigated. Results: The study of antifungal properties of films on three Aspergillus spp. showed that all four percent of nano zinc oxides in this study has inhibitory effect by increasing the percentage of nano-materials significantly (P <0.05). Poly lactic acid edible films Containing 5% nanoparticles has appropriate coating with anti-oxidation agent. Nano-coating Pistachios were observed any growth of mold, however, growth was observed in all control samples. Conclusion: Poly lactic acid films containing nano-zinc oxide show a high potential for antifungal pistachios packaging applications to enhance the shelf life of this products.

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Authors: Abbas Rahdar 1 Khalilollah Sayyadi 2 Jalil Sayyadi 3 Zahra Yaghobi 4

Nowadays the application of nanotechnology in different biomedical fields such as drug delivery is increasing due to its unique advantages. With this in mind, it is widely believed that nanogels as the nanometer-sized networked polymeric particles have a considerable impact on drug delivery systems as biocompatible nanocarriers due to their unique characteristics such as high loading capacity, sustainability and so on. The nanogels have the three-dimensional constructions containing the hydrophilic or hydrophilic polymeric chains that they can physically or chemically absorb a large amount of water without their dissolving within water so that polymer structure is reversible as well as the capability of swelling. These nanomaterials are made using polymeric precursors and heterogeneous polymerization monomers, and recently some researchers have reported the networked nanogels based on optical processes. In this review, we will try to address methods to synthesize the nanogels as well as study their applications as drug delivery systems with examples of pharmaceutical systems.

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Authors: Roghayeh Norouzi 1 Marzie Hejazy 2 Amin Ataei 1

Objective(s): Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles with the size range approximately from 1 to 100 nanometers that are made in different shapes. Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that expected to open some new opportunities in order to destroy and control of microorganisms using of materials and systems at the scale of the atom. Echinococcus granulosus is the agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE), which has a cosmopolitan distribution. This parasite causes hydatid cysts that can afflicted at various organs of mammalian host such as liver, lung even in heart, brain and bone which may lead to death. The current methods for treatment of human CE include surgery. Methods: This study was undertaken for the first time to evaluate the scolicidal effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO- NPs) against hydatid cyst protoscolices in vitro. The scolicidal activities of the zinc oxide nanoparticles were tested in concentrations of 50,100 and 150 mg/ml following 10, 30 and 60 min of incubation and tested were repeated at three times. Data were analyzed by SAS software. Results: The results showed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles at the concentration of 50 mg/ml leads to killing 19/6% protoscolices at 10 minutes. In 150 mg/ml concentration, the black ZnO particles were covered on all protoscolices, and they could not be seen or counted. Conclusions: This investigation showed that ZnO-NPs a statistically significant difference in the protoscolicidal activity with different dilutions but, is not recommended as a powerful scolicidal agent.

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Authors: Reihane Etefagh 1,, 2 Mino Alizade 1,, 3 Rahil Radfar 1 Elahe Azhir 1,, 2 Nasser Shahtahmasebi 1,, 2 Elahe Tabasi 4

In this paper, SnO2 and SnS2 thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrate. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Aspergillus niger (A. Niger) fungi were grown in an appropriate medium and were exposed to the synthesized SnO2 and SnS2 thin films in a closed glass vessel to measure their nano-biosensing properties. The nano-biosensitivity of the prepared samples were investigated by studying the change in their electrical resistance at different times and temperatures happening due to the produced gases from A. niger fungi. Furthermore, the effects of humidity and CO2 on the sensitivity of the samples were investigated in the presence of Silica-gel and CaCo3, respectively. The results showed a considerable and detectable electrical resistance change for prepared samples in the presence of A. niger fungi, which supports our proposed system as a nanobiosensor.

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Authors: Najmeh Najmeh Feizi Langaroudi 1 Negar Motakef Kazemi 2

Objective(s): The oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion is expanded in biomedical application due to their special properties. Mint and Parsley are known herbs with many health benefits. Chitosan (Ch) is a low toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and safe polymer with the antibacterial activity which is used in production of nanomaterial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nanoemulsion to achieve good antibacterial activity and suitable stability with low cytotoxicity. Methods: In the presence study, the O/W nanoemulsion was prepared by Mint essential oil in the presence of Parsley aqueous extract and chitosan aqueous solution using Span 80 and Tween 80 surfactants and high-intensity homogenizer at room temperature for 30 min. The result samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The stability of nanoemulsion was evaluated for 50 days at different temperatures for optimized samples. The antibacterial activity of samples was measured against an important pathogen bacterium, Escherichia coli (E. coli) using inhibition zone diameter. The rheological properties of nanoemulsion were determined by presentation of viscosity at room temperature. The cytotoxicity of samples was investigated by MTT assay for HEK239 human cell line at three different concentrations for three periods of time. Results: Our results showed the nanoemulsion with nanometer size. The presence of chitosan was caused more particles with the smaller size. The low temperature was needed to protection of nanoemulsion stability and prevention of particle growth. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the nanoemulsion improved its antibacterial activity with low cytotoxicity and suitable stability.