International Journal of Graduate Research and Review

Number Vol-8(1-2), 2022

1-10
Role of Military Diplomacy in International Relations of Nepal

Authors: Madhav Thapa Chhetri

Abstract

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Military diplomacy has helped Nepal achieve foreign policy goals in a better way. The countries in the world today, have no direct military threat, then if, the threats are weak diplomacy, unfavorable foreign relations, and immature foreign policy in the field of international relations. This article analyzes the role of military diplomacy focusing on international relations, UN participation and Joint Military Training Exercises. Due to social media and ultra-modern communication technologies, access control, and censorship are over. The public has to possess a broad understanding of the role and legacy of Nepali Army (NA). Military and media should see themselves as equal partners in the successful conduct of diplomacy in fostering international relations. The study finds that military diplomacy plays an essential role in displaying diplomatic efforts to enhance international relations. The qualitative analysis of primary and secondary source information has been done for this analytic methodology. The theoretical rather than the technical nature of the topic limit the ability for conducting this analysis as a purely quantitative one. This study recommends the requirement of an in-depth research on the policy and practical aspects in military diplomacy pertaining to the role of media, foreign policy and international relations.

11-18
The Influence of Spiritual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, on Job Satisfaction and Their Impact on The Performance of Madrasah Aliyah Teachers in Palu City

Authors: Abd Rahman, Syahir Natsir, Vitayanti Fattah, Ponirin

Abstract

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Number of views: 35

The Objectives of This Research Are 1). Knowing and Analyzing the Effect of Spiritual Intelligence on the Performance of Madrasah Aliyah Teachers in Palu City. 2). To Know And Analyze The Effect Of Emotional Intelligence On The Performance Of Madrasah Aliyah Teachers In Palu City. 3). To Know And Analyze The Effect Of Spiritual Intelligence On The Job Satisfaction Of Madrasah Aliyah Teachers In Palu City. 4). To Know And Analyze The Effect Of Emotional Intelligence On The Job Satisfaction Of Madrasah Aliyah Teachers In Palu City. 5) To know and analyze the effect of job satisfaction on the performance of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Palu City. 6). To Know And Analyze The Effect Of Spiritual Intelligence On Teacher Performance Through Job Satisfaction Of Madrasah Aliyah Teachers In Palu City. 7). To Know And Analyze The Effect Of Emotional Intelligence On Teacher Performance Through Job Satisfaction At Madrasah Aliyah Teachers In Palu City. The results of the study are, 1) Spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, 2) Emotional intelligence has a negative and insignificant effect on teacher performance, 3) Spiritual intelligence has a negative and insignificant effect on teacher job satisfaction, 4) Emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. significant on teacher job satisfaction. 5) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. 6) Spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on performance through teacher job satisfaction. 7) Emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on performance through teacher job satisfaction.

19-28
Effects of Dynamic Assessment on Students’ Self-Assessment and Writing Performances in EFL Classes: Arjo Secondary School in Focus

Authors: Zerihun Buli, Zeleke Teshome, Rufael Disasa

Abstract

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This study was aimed at assessing effects of dynamic assessment on students’ self-assessment and their writing performances with particular reference to Arjo Secondary School, Ethiopia. The researcher has employed quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design to secure data from the research participants. Random sampling technique was utilized to select 97 grade 11 students for the study. The participants constituted 49 from control group and 48 from experimental group. Pre-test, post-test and self-rating questionnaire were used to generate data from participants of the study. Consequently, mean, Independent-Samples t-test and Paired Samples t-test were employed to compute quantitative data. The results of the study revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group as the sig value is less than 0.05 (?<.05). Experimental group students demonstrated significant improvements in writing performances whereas the control group students did not improve their writing performances significantly. Besides, the study indicated that experimental group students’ mean score was found to be better than control group students in self-assessment after intervention. The study implied that dynamic assessment was helpful for enabling students to rate their writing performances genuinely. Thus, it can be concluded that dynamic assessment was effective for enhancing students’ writing performances. Thus, it is recommended that teachers are expected to employ dynamic assessment in EFL writing classes thereby students’ writing performances would be significantly improved.

29-39
The Effect of Text Familiarity on EFL Students' Reading Comprehension: Focus on Senior Secondary School, Oromia, Ethiopia

Authors: Teshome Guteta Kitessa, Sherif Ali, Tamene Kitila

Abstract

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Number of views: 37

Prior knowledge (PK) is a schematic knowledge belonging to constructivist learning theory and contributing to reading comprehension. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PK in terms of text familiarity on EFL learners' reading comprehension at senior secondary school. To this end, pragmatic paradigm with concurrent embedded QUAN-qual mixed method design was employed. The QUAN approach encompassed quasi-experimental method and the embedded qual approach was considered for its qualitative data. The participants were 80 grade 11 students selected purposively and their corresponding EFL teachers selected by comprehensive sampling. The data collection instruments were post-test, questionnaire, and group interview. The data analysis methods included descriptive and inferential statistics involving item analysis, KR-21 formula, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Friedman's repeated samples test. The findings revealed that there was the effect of PK in terms of text familiarity. Specifically, the three differently familiar texts' test scores indicated significant difference at ?2(2, n = 80) = 109.507, p < .001 rank order with familiar texts ranking top. In addition, there was test score mean significant difference between the three aspects of PK at ?2(2, n = 80) = 23.77, p < .001 with cultural PK and content Pk showing better contribution to the reading comprehension. Further, the researchers have recommended that the hierarchical executors need to incorporate the target learners' Prior knowledge activating mechanisms in reading comprehension lesson texts to enhance understanding.