International Journal of Graduate Research and Review

90-95

Authors: Bisheswar Prasad Yadav, Santosh Rasaily, Pramod Wagle, Nabina B.K., Suvash Devkota

Ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L), considered as king of oilseed crop, is a tropical legume mainly grown to produce oil. In context to Nepal, ground nut is used as vegetable oil, confectionery and snacks. In the initial period, ground nut was only confined to the kitchen garden however, in recent year groundnut is growing popularity. Ground nut is grown in upland in rain fed condition during rainy season and it is also grown in river basin as well. Nepal still lacks mega varieties with high yield, high protein and oil content. In oder to find out the promising variety, Oilseed research program, NARC has conducted series of trial (Observational nursery trial, Initial yield trial, coordinated varietal trial and Participatory varietal selection) with the introduced foreign genotypes in Randomly Complete Block Design. Through the series of different trials conducted depicted promising genotypes (ICGV 97079, ICGV 07220 and ICGV 07222) from the Coordinated Varietal Trial may be future research material to identify the much-needed variety to meet the groundnut demand of the country. For the present condition, genotypes IGCV 97079 with the potential yield of 2500 kg/ha to 2800kg /ha with 47 % of Protein content, 34 % of oil content and has been identified as the much needed promising line and proposal has been send for the register and release as variety for the farmer production.

103-111

Authors: Gemechis Denu, Zeleke Teshome, Tekle Ferede

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of contextualized grammar instruction (CGI) on students’ paragraph writing achievement and students’ perception towards the instruction. In order to attain the purpose, two intact groups randomly assigned to treatment and comparison groups were involved in the study respectively. The embedded design was employed in the study since it was mainly conducted using quantitative data gathered through tests and questionnaire before and after the intervention. Accordingly, two groups of students were selected from the total of seven sections of Grade 11 of Gatema Secondary School students. In this study, therefore; a sequential mixed-method research approaches (QUAN qual) in which quantitative data are followed by qualitative data was utilized. Hence, test, questionnaire, self-reflection journal writing research tools were employed. In data analysis, the study employed paired sample t-test; independent sample t-test and some descriptive statistic (mean and standard deviation). Hence, it was confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference among the two groups before the intervention as the t-test value, (t =-.843; p>.05). p=.402 at .05 level of significance at.05 level of significance, however; after the treatment group was taught for about eight weeks using the intervention manual, both treatment and comparison groups were given a post intervention, paragraph writing performance to see if any significant difference is seen because of the treatment. To this respect, in the findings of this study (t=9.594, df=72, p=.000, which is less than 0.05). The study found that contextualized grammar instruction intervention attributes to students’ paragraph writing achievement and their perception. Therefore, this is an important input for the curriculum designers, English language teachers to put emphasis on contextualized grammar instruction in teaching and learning procedures so that the students manage their paragraph writing skills would be improved.

40-49

Authors: Jyoti Dhungana

The cooperative sector plays a significant role to improve the economic condition of rural farmers by providing a range of services. However, farmers fail to get better margin prices than vendors due to poor marketing network. In this context, it is realized to unite the farmers in the cooperative, thereby; they can enhance their production skills and market negotiation power. Thus, this paper seeks to examine the role of agriculture cooperatives, especially in the case of smallholders in Nepal and other developing countries. The secondary data sources from literature, reports, and books were used to synthesize, analyze, and conclude the paper. It focuses on empirical findings concerning the role of agriculture cooperatives to the smallholders from farm sustainability aspects, namely: economic, environmental, and social. Further, the study provides the outline of the status of agriculture cooperatives in Nepal, determinants of farmers joining, and challenges faced by cooperatives. The findings conclude the major roles of cooperatives are: to improve the economic status of the farm in terms of productivity, profit, and income. Social capital formation through cooperatives is vital, together with this; farmers perform sustainable agriculture practices. Despite this, some challenges regarding management, governance, and institutional exist in cooperatives. Ideally, these cooperatives need to be prioritized for capacity development and emphasized to produce market-oriented commodities in order to provide an advantage for smallholders. Moreover, the relationship in different aspects of agriculture cooperatives and farms needs to be further investigated to explore in detail

57-66

Authors: Endalew Alemayehu, Tekle Ferede, Zeleke Teshome

The purpose of this study was to investigate EFL teachers’ conceptions of oral output in English class: East Wollega zone high school teachers in focus. The study was conducted in 2020/21 academic year. The research design employed for this study case is the descriptive survey. The researcher used different sampling techniques as random sampling technique to select the schools, purposivesampling for the grade levels and availability and random sampling techniques were used respectively to select the sample teachers for questionnaire and interview. The researcher employed questionnaire for 30 EFL teachers (which is close-ended) and Oral interview (semi-structured) for 6 EFL teachers. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative method and the data from the tools were cross-checked. To this end, the findings of the study indicated that EFL teachers’ conceptions of oral output were found to be below the average mean.

78-89

Authors: Muhammad Umar A., Abd. Rahman, Abdul Kadir, Marjun

The specific objectives to be achieved in this study are 1) To describe descriptively the assessment of service quality, interest rates, and promotions to UMKM customers in utilizing KUR (People's Business Credit) at Bank BRI Kcp Biromaru, Sigi Regency; 2) To determine the simultaneous and partial effect of service quality variables, interest rates and promotions on the decisions of MSME customers in utilizing KUR (People's Business Credit) at Bank BRI Kcp Biromaru, Sigi Regency. This type of research is field research (field research). The population that will be used in this study is all customers who take KUR at BRI KCP Biromaru, Sigi Regency. The sample size in this study was determined using the Slovin formula. The sample to be studied is 210 taken using the Solvin formula with an error rate of 10% or can be called a 90% confidence sample. The error limit that can be tolerated in this study is 10% so the total is 67.7 and the sample is rounded up to 68 customers. This sample collection technique is called Probability simple random sampling, meaning that it is a sampling technique that provides equal opportunities for every member of a population to be sampled. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the R Square value of 0.959 means that service quality, interest rates, and promotions have a positive and significant effect simultaneously and partially on the decisions of MSME customers in utilizing KUR at BRI KCP Biromaru Sigi Regency by 95.9% while the remaining 4.1% influenced by other factors not studied. The conclusion obtained is that service quality, interest rates, and promotions have a positive and significant effect simultaneously and partially on the decisions of UMKM customers in utilizing KUR at BRI KCP Biromaru, Sigi Regency.

1-10

Authors: Madhav Thapa Chhetri

Military diplomacy has helped Nepal achieve foreign policy goals in a better way. The countries in the world today, have no direct military threat, then if, the threats are weak diplomacy, unfavorable foreign relations, and immature foreign policy in the field of international relations. This article analyzes the role of military diplomacy focusing on international relations, UN participation and Joint Military Training Exercises. Due to social media and ultra-modern communication technologies, access control, and censorship are over. The public has to possess a broad understanding of the role and legacy of Nepali Army (NA). Military and media should see themselves as equal partners in the successful conduct of diplomacy in fostering international relations. The study finds that military diplomacy plays an essential role in displaying diplomatic efforts to enhance international relations. The qualitative analysis of primary and secondary source information has been done for this analytic methodology. The theoretical rather than the technical nature of the topic limit the ability for conducting this analysis as a purely quantitative one. This study recommends the requirement of an in-depth research on the policy and practical aspects in military diplomacy pertaining to the role of media, foreign policy and international relations.

19-28

Authors: Zerihun Buli, Zeleke Teshome, Rufael Disasa

This study was aimed at assessing effects of dynamic assessment on students’ self-assessment and their writing performances with particular reference to Arjo Secondary School, Ethiopia. The researcher has employed quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design to secure data from the research participants. Random sampling technique was utilized to select 97 grade 11 students for the study. The participants constituted 49 from control group and 48 from experimental group. Pre-test, post-test and self-rating questionnaire were used to generate data from participants of the study. Consequently, mean, Independent-Samples t-test and Paired Samples t-test were employed to compute quantitative data. The results of the study revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group as the sig value is less than 0.05 (?<.05). Experimental group students demonstrated significant improvements in writing performances whereas the control group students did not improve their writing performances significantly. Besides, the study indicated that experimental group students’ mean score was found to be better than control group students in self-assessment after intervention. The study implied that dynamic assessment was helpful for enabling students to rate their writing performances genuinely. Thus, it can be concluded that dynamic assessment was effective for enhancing students’ writing performances. Thus, it is recommended that teachers are expected to employ dynamic assessment in EFL writing classes thereby students’ writing performances would be significantly improved.