International Journal of Graduate Research and Review

118-122

Authors: N. Ananthi, G. Chelladurai

The reason of most spreading virus of SARS-CoV-2the medical waste suddenly increased twenty five percent compare than regular waste. In generally Biomedical waste handling is a challenging job and COVID-19 pandemic makes it a more challenging. Insufficient human force and infrastructure made the situation worst. Improper treatment may cause of this fatal disease as waste acts as a vector for SARS-CoV-2, which survives up to 7 days on COVID-waste. In this situation require a safe handling and disposal or treatment of waste timely manner. The government also takes various measures biomedical waste management (BMW). Furthermore, the policy has been reviewed and government established the BMW guidelines for disposal and treating to reduce an environmental and health risks in the world. The article is an attempt to explain about the guidelines of biomedical waste management during the pandemic of COVID-19.

135-153

Authors: Shamim Aslam, Sabnam Bibi, Qaria Tahseen

Background: From last many years revolutionary changes in nursing came that upgrade the nursing profession. New health care policies, methods procedures, holistic health care approaches are in line to meet the people demand. So, to fulfill the new emergent needs, continue education is necessary but unfortunately to support this in the field of nursing is still limited and less focused. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of the degree education for nurses and how it influences on their professional development. Methodology: This is a quantitative cross sectional study. Sample was selected through random sampling. Data was collected from 120 BSN nurses of two different institute of Lahore i.e. Shalimar nursing college and Syeda Waheed Fatima Memorial, College of Nursing Lahore. A self-administered questionnaire was floated to collect the data. A multiple regression and Chi-Square test were applied to see the association. Results: The results were showed that majority of nurses believed that they have acquired great level of knowledge and skills. A multiple regression model demonstrated that significant association exists between knowledge, implementation of skills and professional development. The Chi-Square test showed the positive relationship between quality and relevance with professional development. According to results, few nurses experienced financial advancement and promotion. Conclusion: so, degree education develops high level skills and knowledge. But to implement all this, different policies or employment rate must be focused

Sagar Regmi

Authors: Sagar Regmi

Nutrition is an integral component of livestock production industry that determines reproductive capacity, fertility, estrus cyclicity and production potential of an individual livestock. Lower energy intake leads to an increase in the length of anestrous period whereas and higher intake causes “fatty cow syndrome”. Body condition score (BCS) helps in determination of energy status of an animal. Similarly higher level of protein in the feed lead to delayed return of normal ovarian function. Feeding high fat diets to cycling heifers and postpartum cows was found to increase progesterone production and enhance the lifespan of the corpus luteum. A negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) prior to calving signifies decreased incidence of metabolic disorders postpartum and maintain reproductive integrity for future lactations.

113-117

Authors: Apekshya Kandel, Gaurav Banjade, Sita Dahal

Rice, the principal food grain, is grown extensively in all agro-ecological zones of Nepal, ranging from Terai belt (as low as 60 masl) to high hills (as high as 3050 masl). This study analyzes the production trend of paddy crop in seven different provinces of Nepal. Statistical data (2014/15-2018/19) published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development is used to calculate the annual average area of production and yield of the crop. The result shows that in the past five years, the productivity of the crop has increased by 12.53%, 21.17%, 4.84%, 9.03%, 2.65%, 8.1% and 26.92% in Province No. 1, Province No.2, Bagmati, Gandaki, Karnali province and Sudurpaschim respectively. Among the provinces, the highest average annual cultivated area (361,816.8 ha) and the highest average annual production (1,194,915.6 mt) of paddy crop is observed in Province No. 2. The location of the province on flat plains of Terai, favorable climatic conditions, timely availability of quality inputs and possibility of farm mechanization has favored the higher production in this province. Whereas, Karnali province suffers the lowest average annual area of production (49,420.4 ha) with the lowest average annual production (157,462.4 mt) due to its difficult land topography and remoteness impeding the supply of inputs on time.

59-67

Authors: Muhammad Hafeez, Azra Yasmeen

To compete the world in 21st century, it is necessary to adopt the modern learning strategies like inquiry-based, project-based, problem-based. The traditional learning strategies are no viable now to improve the learning skills of the learners. A review of previous studies on traditional lecture-based and project-based learning strategies has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of both learning strategies. The learning outcomes and statistical results of 15 previous published articles have selected for this review study. The learning outcomes and statistical results of previous literature indicated that all the studies showed the significant improvement in the learning and cognitive skills of the learners. The effectiveness of project-based teaching strategy in various educational levels are also described in the study.

76-78

Authors: Bisheswar Prasad Yadav, Santosh Rasaily, Pramod Wagle, Razan Malla, Manoj Kandel, Nabina B.K., Sheetal Aryal

Groundnut is the major summer season oil seed crop in Nepal. There are high demand of early groundnut as early groundnut helps succeeding crops like mustard and wheat preventing them from post anthesis hot winds. Coordinated varietal trial was conducted for four years in three different location. With an objective to identify the high yielding early growing genotypes, ORP, Nawalpur has been continuously doing Coordinated varietal trial in 3 different location ( Sarlahi, Surkhet and Nepalgunj) for 4 years in RCBD design with 9 genotypes. Two genotypes ICGV 9358 (2121 kg/ha) and ICGV 05155 (1901 kg/ha) showed highest yield as compared to check varieties i.e. Jayanti (1861 kg/ha) and Baidehi (18144 kg/ha). While seeing the overall observation, ICGV 95358 has highest Pods per plant (40.2), Hundred Seed Weights (44.6) and Shelling Percentage (72.1), and yield (2121) and low maturity day (25.1 DAS). Similarly, other elite genotypes found through this research were ICGV 07214 and ICGV 05155. These identified early elite genotypes of Groundnut can be further evaluated for Coordinated farmer’s Field trial and in near future can be released as high yielding early genotypes of Groundnut.

86-95

Authors: Razia Begum, Syeda Sidra Tasneem, Robina Jabeen

Purpose: Patient’s satisfaction is an area that has equal importance to both healthcare providers and the patients and as well as to the other participants in the healthcare industry. For healthcare providers warranting that patients are satisfied is a nonstop exertion. It is therefore important to them that the actual state of the mind of patient’s satisfaction is known. To attain this, healthcare providers get on research to feel the throbs of the patients and discover ways of serving them better. This paper attempts to describe what establishes satisfaction in the perspective of outpatients and what the process(s) that can be implemented by healthcare workers. Method. The study had a regular experimental, pre and post-test approach using an in-patient at a healthcare provider. Tools included a patient satisfaction questionnaire, a patient questionnaire that audits management. After the conversant agreement was obtained, the research scholar collected post-implementation data from the patients. Descriptive statistical methods and models were used to define the sample data and data distributions. Breakdown of group differences was done using autonomous samples tests to examine the connection between HealthCare provider and Patient-Focused satisfaction. Results. Patients were more satisfied after Predictors of patient’s satisfaction was implemented than they were before implementation. Further research is required in direction to study the supposition contributes to increased patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction with care overall rises when they are cared for with the help of predictors of the patient’s satisfaction.

1-10

Authors: Tilahun Dires

Effective system of real property taxation is important for the sustainable economy; to create a basis for decentralization of public governance; to captures property value for local governments. The purpose of this paper was to analysis the historical development of real property tax laws in Ethiopia. To do so, the researcher explored and analyzed the historical real property tax laws from both primary and secondary sources and analysis through qualitative data analysis techniques such as legal reasoning and content analysis. Real property tax development was very promising in the Imperial Era, but, due to the shift of land tenure system from privately owned to government ownership, the real property tax development was wrapped out.

17-24

Authors: Laxman Bahadur Kunwar, Vijai Shanker Verma

In this study, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Nepal is studied by using exponential and logistic mathematical models. The model is analysed by deriving some important expressions such as growth rate of epidemic, maximum possible number of infected people and corresponding time of epidemic peak, relationship between number of cases per day and the total number of cases. The main objective of the study is to examine the applicability of the logistic model for the study of the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar communicable diseases in the future. The estimation of the parameters of the model is based upon COVID-19 pandemic data from January 20, 2020 to October 14, 2020. The actual time-series data of the coronavirus disease 2019 for Nepal seem to good fit the proposed model. The findings suggest that the quick detection of cases, sufficient implementation of quarantine and public self-protection behaviour are the best measures to reduce the transmission rate of the COVID-19. The detailed derivations of the expressions are presented regarding the working situation of non-mathematics researchers in the field of Biological Sciences.

31-35

Authors: Mehreen Sabir, Nazia Yousef, Anum Nazir, Sidra Tasneem, Rubina Jabeen

Objective: Current study designed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurse’s regarding therapeutic communication at Lahore General Hospital. Study Design: An institution based cross sectional study design was utilized for gathering data. Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital for 3 months from 15 March to 30 June, 2020. Methodology: This study determined the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses regarding therapeutic communication at their workplace. A cross sectional study design was used to collect data by a structured self-administered questionnaire involving 93 nurses working in different departments of selected Tertiary Care Hospital. The data entered through SPSS software package version 25 and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The mean of knowledge score was 1.6079 and standard deviation was 0.43180. The mean of attitude score was 1.7115 and standard deviation was 0.55121. The mean of practice score was 1.6434 and standard deviation was 0.49611. Conclusion: The nurses of respective departments (General ward, Intensive care unit, Emergency Department) at Lahore General Hospital had adequate knowledge about therapeutic communication as well as research tool results indicated their moderate attitude and practice towards the use of therapeutic communication in hospital.

44-50

Authors: Amiruddin Masri, Sutarman Yodo, Rosmawati

This study aims: 1) To analyze the meaning of education for fishing communities; and 2) Analyze the actions of Bajo fishermen in interpreting education in Pomolulu village, Balaesang Tanjung sub-district. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation, while data analysis used an interactive approach from Miles and Huberman which consisted of; data collection, condensation, display data, and verification or concluding. The results and discussion show: 1) Bajo fishing communities interpret education and school as a necessity in social life. This positive meaning arises because a) external factors, which consist of; there are practical examples that being a teacher, principal, and legislative candidate requires education, a flow of communication and information, and an open mind; and b) internal factors consisting of; the awareness of parents to send their children to school; and children's motivation to go to school; and 2) The actions of the Bajo fishing community in the village of Pomolulu in interpreting education includes social actions; a) it is better for parents who feel life is difficult; b) considers the sea to be only a place of recreation for children; c) initiating a motorcycle taxi joint venture to transport and pick up children from home to school and from school to the house; d) submit a proposal to establish Senior High School, and; e) forming youth organizations. The findings of this study strengthen Max Weber's theory of Social Action, especially Instrumental Rational Action.