International Journal of Graduate Research and Review

68-71

Authors: M.K. Hasan, S. Yesmin, S.C. Halder, M.K. Jamil and D. Khanam

Brinjal fruit and shoot borer resistant Bt brinjal was introduced in Bangladesh in 2013 for commercialization and became a member of GMO world. Bt gene was introgressed in 9 popular varieties of Bangladesh. Four varieties were released in 2013 and three are in pipelines. ELISA based protein detection and PCR based gene detection are widely used for GMO detection. Here, Bt protein was detected through qualitative ELISA in four Bt brinjal varieties and three Bt brinjal lines. Changes of colour of the microtiter plate and the absorbance value indicated the presence Cy1Ac protein in Bt brinjal samples.

77-81

Authors: Dil Raj Yadav, Bisheswar Prasad Yadav, Rajib Kumar Yadav, Bedanand Chaudhary and Dev Nidhi Tiwari

Farmers' field trials were conducted for three consecutive years during 2014-16 rainy seasons at two locations, one in each Dhanusha and Mahottari districts of Nepal to identify farmers preferred high yielding rice genotypes for irrigated ecosystem. A total of ten rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The tested genotypes were significantly different (P=0.01) for growth duration and grain yield. The genotypes IR87615-9-3-1, IR78875-207-B and HUA 565 produced significantly higher grain yields across the locations and produced grain yield of more than 4 t ha-1. The high yielding and farmers preferred genotypes were IR87615-9-3-1, HUA565 and Ciherang Sub1. The findings of the study show that these promising genotypes need to be disseminated to other locations of similar agro-climatic conditions to offer varietal options to the farmers.

89-95

Authors: Zerihun Buli, Shewa Basizew and Kefyalew Abdisa

This study was aimed at examining the effect of teachers’ scaffolding on reading comprehension of grade 9th students at Sire Secondary School. In this study quasi-experiment design was used. To this effect, grade nine students were classified into treatment group and control group. 46 students were taken from section D as a treatment group and as a control group, 46 students were selected from section A. As a data collecting tool, pre-test and post test reading comprehension was used for both treatment group and control group students. In order to compute the finding paired samples t-test and independent t-test were used. Both groups of students have an equivalent level of performance in reading comprehension prior to the intervention. Treatment group students were taught reading comprehension through instructional scaffolding techniques throughout the treatment period. On the other hand, control group students were taught reading comprehension in a traditional way. No special treatment was provided for this group of students and the pre-test and post-test was given at the same time interval with treatment groups. After intervention, there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the control group and treatment group on the reading comprehension performance on the post-test scores. The finding revealed that students who were taught reading comprehension with scaffolding strategies outperformed the control group students. The scaffolding mechanisms which were provided for the treatment group were much more conducive and beneficial to EFL learners’ reading comprehension improvement. Therefore, it can be concluded teaching reading comprehension passage through scaffolding strategies enhanced the students reading performance. Thus, it is recommended that teachers have to look into how better to help their students by implementing these strategies as frequently as possible.

40-42

Authors: Ranjana Kumari Jha

There are several factors that play a significant role in determining speaking abilities such as age, aptitude, motivation and personality. Among them personality is a crucial factor to determine speaking abilities. This article attempts to find out different types of personality and see how these determine speaking abilities. For this purpose, a sample of 50 students and 4 teachers were selected from two secondary schools. After analyzing the data collected through survey questionnaires and the interview sheet it has been found that most of the learners had extrovert personality and pronunciation, fluency, accuracy and gesture and posture were found as the difference between introvert and extrovert personality. Furthermore, almost all the teachers opined that risk taking learners have good speaking confidence and visual personality is best personality for speaking skill. Keywords: Personality; extroversion: introversion; field dependence; field-independence; kinesthetic learners

25-28

Authors: Adhithi Venkatesh, Aishwarya.V.A. Sasty, Anish Raju and Pradeep. S

Cancer is the abnormal proliferation of cells, when there is an internal or external agent, physical, biological or chemical agent involved. Cancer can be due to viruses, radiations, chemical or sometimes even genetic. This particular paper shows a few tools that were used in determining the to study and analyse a few different bioinformatics tools to come to study about an in-silico drug discovery approach. A few tools that were used were RAMPAGE- to obtain the Ramachandran plot, RCSB- to obtain the 3-D structure of the protein, RasMol- to visualize and obtain the proteins and ligands that can bind to it, PubChem- to obtain the 3-D structure, physicochemical and ADMET properties of the drug, HEX- to visualize and study the binding and docking properties of the drug with the target protein sand gene receptor, Superpose- to study multiple sequence alignment data and superpose with other proteins using homology modelling.

3-7

Authors: Simran Watts

Vaccination has had a huge impact on increasing human life expectancy. Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or previous infection or by other non-immunological factors. Immunizations are often widely stated as less risky and an easier way to become immune to a particular disease than risking a milder form of the disease itself. Passive immunization by transfer of antibodies has the advantage of more rapidly establishing protection, but it is short-lived and may carry a risk of inducing serum sickness. The route and schedule of immunization, physical nature of the vaccine antigen, and immune status of the host all contribute to the relative effectiveness of any vaccination protocol, in ways which are still not fully understood. Passive immunization, in which antibodies against a particular infectious agent are given directly to the child or adult, is sometimes appropriate. These antibodies are taken from a donor and then processed so the final preparation contains high antibody concentrations. At that point, they are given in the vein or by shot to the patient. Passive immunization is often used in children and adults. It can be used with people who haven’t been vaccinated against a disease to which they’ve been exposed. Most commonly for the prevention of measles, hepatitis-A, hepatitis-B, tetanus, varicella, rabies, and vaccinia. Although their use in the treatment of bacterial infection has largely been supplanted by antibiotics, antibodies remain a critical component of the treatment of diptheria, tetanus, and botulism.

13-16

Authors: Atnafu Morka Aldo and Abebe Zeleke

Corruption in the public sector is often viewed as exacerbating conditions of poverty in countries already struggling with the strains of economic growth and democratic transition. Corruption is contemporary global issue that needs crucial attention. It should not be seen differently from HIV ADIS, Cancer, TB, poverty and the like that eroding the nations’ welfare. This study was therefore targeted Assessing Corruption in Service Delivery of Municipal in Metekl Zone Towns (Benishangul Gumuz Region).The objectives of the study were; to identify the areas and types of corruption in municipals service delivery; To analyze the degree of corruption in Municipals service delivery through the perception of people. To achieve the intended objectives, data were collected in seven weredas of Metekel zone from the targeted population-local officials, elders and residents of capital towns of the weredas by means of structured and unstructured questionnaires. The questionnaires were supported by unstructured interviews. Self-administered questionnaire were distributed for 312 resident populations and 64 persons were interviewed. The finding shows that different types of corruption; nepotism, bribe, embezzlement and fraud are perpetrated in municipals in different service delivery process and the magnitude was at severe situation. This was manifested by employment of incompetent personnel on key positions under pretext of different mechanisms. in different service delivery process such as in revenue collection, in land allocation, land use planning, expropriation of private property rights, land dispute and conflict management, other social municipal services, construction of infrastructure, and in house related services corruption practice was also found to be shocking. Consequently, using community as a means of preventive tool trough uninterrupted awareness creation, prevention of undue influence, monitoring and increasing public administration’s accountability through surveys, using religious leaders rigorously as means to shape their followers against corruption, and increasing the number of workers in municipals were recommended.