NOVA

7-16

Authors: Leonardo Yunda, David Pacheco and Jorge Millan

Objective: a Web-based Fuzzy Inference Tool for cardiovascular risk assessment has been developed. The tool makes use of inference rules from evidence-based medicine for membership classification. Methods: the system framework allows adding variables such as gender, age, weight, height, medication intake, and blood pressure, with various types of membership functions based on classification rules. Results: the tool allows health professional to enter patient clinical data and obtain a prediction of cardiovascular risk. The tool can also be later used to predict other types of risks including cognitive and physical disease conditions.

27-38

Authors: Luz Mabel Ávila Portillo, Derly Johanna Franco Ruiz, Jenniffer Priscila Avila García, Angela Giselle Riveros Arocha, Mauricio Sabogal

Objective. Comparing viability, growth in culture, phenotype and osteogenic lineage differentiation of Adipose-Derived Adult Stem Cells (ADAS) pre and post freezing. Methods. Samples were obtained from adipose tissue of healthy individuals who underwent liposuction, to which underwent enzymatic digestion with collagenase I. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) obtained was divided equally into two fractions one of which was cryopreserved and stored at -196 °C and another cultivated to passage 1 (P1) before being cryopreserved. Both fractions were cryopreserved by chamber automated freezing using two solutions: (A) DMSO/Dextran40/HSA and (B) DMSO/HESSICO/HSA kept 3 months at -196°C and thawed in PBS/HSA/HESSICO. After its thawing were also subjected to cultivation, count, cell viability, phenotyping and osteogenic potential. Results. Found that frozen cells with cryoprotectant solution DMSO/Dextran40/HSA and a pre-freezing culture, viability percentages exhibited higher and reached 80% confluence in less time. Expanded samples showed no differences in the phenotype by flow cytometry and shown to osteogenic lineage differentiation.

47-54

Authors: Jhonatan Betancourt-Peña, Beatriz Elena Muñoz-Erazo, Hugo Hurtado-Gutiérrez

Objective. To describe a pulmonary rehabilitation program impact in patients with sequelae of pulmonary TB. Methods: A quasi-experimental study in eleven patients in a pulmonary rehabilitation program with continuous exercise, muscle strengthening and education during eight weeks; it was evaluated before and after the BMI, dyspnea, six-minute walk test, anxiety, depression, and quality of life related to health; paired t was used to analyze measures. Results: eleven patients completed the pulmonary rehabilitation program. The average age was 21.7 ± 45.4 years. Eight patients were male. By the end of the program, a significant increase was found in the walked distance in the 6MWT with an average difference of 110.2 ± 112.5 meters (p = 0.009). Health-related quality of life had a significant decrease in the total score in SGRQ, an average difference of 6.7 ± 8.3 (p = 0.02), no significant differences were found in the other domains of the questionnaire. There is a good exercise tolerance in patients with sequelae of TB in pulmonary rehabilitation. Physiotherapists must consider the difference in the distance covered in the six-minute walk test by the beginning and the end of the program as a reliable variable related to the increased of the functional ability.

93-99

Authors: Elías Alberto Bedoya Marrugo

Introduction: labor accidents is linked to a number of factors , including a lack of risk control at work, Occupational Risk Administrators do not make the payment on promotion and prevention and especially employers who violate legal requirements safety and health at work, further exacerbating the current situation. Objective: to establish the behavior of the accident of a company in the metalworking sector in the periphery of the city of Cartagena, during the 2014 period. Method: review of accident data from a engineering company during the years 2014 , next to a discrimination of the types of accident and characteristics of the charges affected class , type of linkage of those affected, types of injuries, mechanisms of injury and accidents disabling accident charge , age and place of occurrence. Result: a total of 36 accidents in which the prevalences were found among others: office assistant plant affected with 33 %, 22 % trainee, 75 % of those affected are in the company, while the remaining 25 % belong to contractors, being the month of October and April with the roughest 22.2 % respectively limb wounds with 66 % are the most common type of injury, followed by crushing 27%. The accidents reported in this research significantly affect workers in positions of apprentice and assistant plant, as it mainly affected the upper and lower extremities (hands and feet).

7-15

Authors: Julián Gallón Nausa

Objective. Identify isolations of C. albicans, in children from 4 to 12 years, of a population of 189 individuals and to evaluate the above mentioned isolations opposite to three concentrations (3 %, 5 % and 7 %) of Sulfate of Zinc. Methods. There were in use the technologies of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (CMI) and Kirby Bauer's technology, according to the parameters of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: In CMI's method, with the concentrations of 3 % and 5 % one found a decrease in the forming Units of Colonies (UFC) related to the time (24, 48 and 72 hours) compared with the vine-stock control. As for the concentration of 7 %, they did not present forming units of colonies in any of three observed times. With Kirby Bauer's technology, the concentration of 3 % did not present inhibition of the growth; to the concentrations of 5 % and 7 % one presented a halo of 16 mm and 20 mm respectively. The analysis of Microscopy and Electronic Sweep (MBE), it reveals that the Sulfate of Zinc of 3 % and 5 % they present formation of biopelicula and pseudomicelio, unlike the concentration of 7 % where it was observed lisis cellular in all the fields.

31-35

Authors: Socorro Camarillo Romero, Eneida Camarillo-Romero, Hugo Medieta-Zeron, José de Jesús Garduño-García, Gerardo Huitrón-Bravo M

Objetive. Establish the correlation between serum triiodothyronine concentrations and insulin resistance by HOMA index in a group of adolescent men with risk factors for developing diabetes. Material and Methods. It´s a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participating adolescents with some risk factor for diabetes. The presence of metabolic syndrome using the modified ATPIII criteria determined by Cook. T3, T4, TSH and basal insulin were determined. HOMA index was calculated for insulin resistance. Results. 36 men with an average age of 15.97 ± 0.9 years were studied. There was positive correlation between T3 and total population HOMA-IR (r = 0.380 p = 0.022), when analyzed in the group of SM correlation increased between T3 and HOMA-IR (r = 0.647 p = 0.031). Metabolic syndrome in adolescents with a positive correlation between indices of insulin resistance and thyroid hormone concentrations.

47-64

Authors: Geovanna Córdoba Argoti, Victor Julio Vera Alfonso, Jairo Correa Jaime, Gloria Consuelo Ramírez Nieto

Objective. Evaluate the serological dynamics against avian infectious bronchitis virus and its relationship with the presentation and / or a history of clinical signs and pathological findings, under field conditions. Materials and methods. A random sampling was conducted in two phases, in broiler and breeder farms located in the Department of Cundinamarca. In the first phase blood sample were taken from a total of 224 birds, distributed over the 7 farms. In the second phase, carried out 20 days after the first, a second sample was collected from the same number of birds used in the first phase. The serum samples were used to carry out the enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) intended to detect antibodies against avian infectious bronchitis virus in blood serum. Results. As a result it was found that from the total farms analyzed the 85.72% showed serologic reactivity against Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (AIBV) that correlated to the presence of clinical signs or previous history of respiratory disease in the farm.

73-80

Authors: Sara Emilia Giraldo Quintero, María Consuelo Bernal Lizarazú, Adriana Morales Robayo, Alesdy Zuled Pardo Lobo, Leopoldo Gamba Molano

Objective. To describe information about traditional use of 26 plants, identifying plant drug, preparation and administration, medicinal purposes for recommended practices and possible misuse. Materials and Methods. This work was performed in 8 popular markets of Bogotá. By applying semi-structured interviews with 16 sellers of medicinal plants. Further taxonomic identification of medicinal plants was carried out with greater reporting by sellers and their traditional use was compared with pharmacological indications reported in the Vademecum Colombiano de Plantas Medicinales. Results. Report higher plants between sellers respondents were "cidrón", "calendula" and "manzanilla", followed by "cola de caballo", "ruda" and "albahaca", which presented at least three reports each one. It was found that some of the plants mentioned by the sellers do not appear in the Vademecum Colombiano de Plantas Medicinales plants including "paico", "chitato", "alfalfa", "laurel" and "suelda consuelda". Little knowledge was detected by sellers about possible contraindications or adverse effects of medicinal plants which leads to inadequate practices within the community. Ignorance of the differences between the forms of decoction and infusion preparation was also evidenced. Plants that may be promising therapeutic for new uses reported were identified including “albahaca”, “calendula”, “cidrón”, “cola de caballo” and “manzanilla”.

93-107

Authors: Yuri Lilian González

Objective. Assessing risk perception among employees of a company in the construction sector in Bogota DC from the psychometric paradigm. Materials and methods. Two questionnaires were applied, which helped identify the activities that workers considered as more dangerous, the magnitude of risk and the attributes that underlie perception. Results. The findings indicate that workers may be considering more often attributes of immediacy of consequences to determine the severity of the damage that the degree of fear or rejection by those activities which are considered as more harmful to health and wellness. In the same way became clear that a magnitude of high risk is perceived preferably in newfangled activities for workers and found that although the magnitude of the risk is high, perceived control over risks and knowledge of them that allows them to take risk without fear of causing damage to your health

131-141

Authors: Greizy López, Nancy Yaneth Gelvez, Luisa Fernanda Urrego, Silvia Florez,David Medina, Vicente Rodríguez, Marta Lucía Tamayo

Objective: To determine the presence of 2299delG and C759F mutations in 37 non-related subjects from Colom­bia suffering from RP and sensorineural deafness. Materials and methods: Exon 13 of USH2A gene was directly sequenced in all subjects selected for the study. Results: In this work, the 2299delG mutation was only observed in subjects suffering from Usher syndrome type II while the C759F mutation was not detected in any subject.

143-150

Authors: Jorge Millan, Leonardo Yunda

Objective: Development of a Web-based atlas for collaborative image sharing, processing and analysis of diagnostic images. Materials and Methods: Use of Web 2.0 Personalized Learning Environment tools for social learning and knowledge construction and sharing. Results: The platform allows registered users to upload, visualize, process and comment medical images in a collaborative manner. The system contains a social network module for open case discussion, a video conference and webinar module for real time case analysis, and an image visualization, annotation and processing module for image analysis. The developed open-access platform serves as a large community-created and validated free-repository of diagnostic medical images to be used for training, research as well as reference and second opinion of cases.

157-164

Authors: Julián Gallón Nausa

Objective: This work is aimed at evaluating the response of the marginal bone crest using the implant’s platform as a reference. The study considered patients with alloplastic grafts from Madrob® to establish the role of bone integrity in locating dental implants. Materials and Methods: The benchmark and prospective studies were conducted on 30 subjects .A total of 81 alveoli alloplastic implants were analyzed post-exodontia. The response of the marginal bone crest was evaluated after 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 36 months via clinical and radiographic controls Results: For the period between 12 and 36 months, mesial prevailed over distal bone loss. Mesial and distal gains of about 0,05 mm were equally important for the period between 24 and 36 months. p-values less than 0,001 indicate that differences between times are all significant. The ANOVA indicates that all the variances are homogeneous and small between 0,18mm and 0,22mm.

179-186

Authors: Lucía Constanza Corrales Ramírez, Ligia Consuelo Sánchez Leal, Fabián Andrés Escucha Rodríguez

Objective: To determine the presence of bacterial human pathogens in irrigation water of the savannah of Bogota high watershed. Materials and methods: Samples were collected from 8 municipalities, 8 of which were randomly selected for a number of tests including detection of total coliforms via filtration membrane, Most Probable Number (MPN) for fecal coliforms; isolation on selective media and biochemical identification using the BD-BBL CRYSTAL system. Results: Direct or diffuse fecal contamination approached 41.7% of selected samples while aquatic-terrestrial normal flora the remaining 58.3%. According to the percentage of E.coli and count of total coliforms, the analyzed water is not suitable for agricultural use and represents a risk for human health.

195-200

Authors: Liliana Caycedo, Diana Trujillo, Sonia Rosas

Objective: To trace and follow chemical reagents from their initial use to their final disposition in the General Chemistry teaching laboratories at Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá, D.C- Colombia. Materials and Methods: Laboratory guidelines were reviewed to determine type of reagents for General Chemistry practices and their corresponding volumes. Physical and chemical analyses were subsequently conducted on the identified compounds independent of their level of acidity. Results: Ionic species were identified and attributed to the type of solvent and their solubility properties. Once laboratory practices are completed, reagents continue to react and thereby is of the utmost importance to assure proper storage and handling conditions.

15-21

Authors: Carolina Andrea Infante Molina; Laura Marlen Mora Forero; Jenny C. Ortega Rojas; Carlos E. Arboleda-Bustos; William Fernández; Humberto Arboleda; Gonzalo Arboleda

Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substance nigra pars compacta. It has been determined that factors both environmental and genetic contribute to its development. Mutations in the genes PINK1 and PARKIN have been associated with the early onset of disease and family history. The goal of this study was to identify mutations in the PINK1 genes (exons 4 and 6) and PARKIN (exons 2 and 7) in 22 Colombian patients with EP of early onset and/or family history, by PCR amplification and sequencing. The sequences were compared with the reference consensus sequence. A homozygous change mutation was detected in the reading frame (frame shift) c.155dela in exon 2 of the PAR-KIN gene in a patient with early onset of the disease and family history. In addition, the presence of a polymorphism in intron 2 of the PARKIN gene was identified in seven patients, one of them in homozygous state. Mutations were not found in exons 4 and 6 of the gene PINK1. A homozygous mutation c.155dela in exon 2 of PARKIN was found in a female patient with Parkinson's disease early onset with family history. No changes to the gene PINK1 were found.

37-43

Authors: Jorge Flavio Mendoza Rincón

The immune system is able to perform the detection and elimination of transformed cells by a mechanism known as physiological immune surveillance. This process involves the NKG2D receptor activator present in T lymphocytes and NK cells, both of paramount importance in the immune surveillance against cancer. To recognize the receptor NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) in cells that experience retransformation triggers the specific lithic response of the cytotoxic lymphoid cells. Also, soluble forms of NKG2DLs have been described in various types of cancer that have proven to be used for tumor evasion by saturating the NKG2D receptors present in the effector lymphoid cells thus avoiding their recognition and elimination, which makes them escape immune surveillance. Although this phenomenon of immune evasion, where some NKG2DLs participate, has already been described and corroborated, clinically, it has not been studied whether the receptor NKG2DL is present in the tumor cells per se because it could also be involved in reversing immune surveillance. This paper analyzes recent evidence that the expression of the NKG2D receptor is not lymphocyte T and NK exclusive it is already expressed by tumor epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Consequences of this anomalous expression in nonlymphoid cells have widespread implications in carcinogenesis, which will be revised. Recent clinical studies to prove the participation of NKG2D receptor in several tumor pathologies are analyzed.

57-66

Authors: Yenni Mirella Vásquez Perea, Jean Carlos Villamil Poveda, Ligia Consuelo Sánchez Leal, Ana Graciela Lancheros Diaz

The goal of this research was to implement a microbiological method to reduce the concentrations of chromium (VI) of sewage sludge from tanneries through the combination of processes of environmental engineering and microbiology. A system of fixed medium was used, it contained a plastic support to which the lama of microorganisms adheres, performing the purification process under controlled physical conditions, this is demonstrated in vivo with measurements of chromium VI by atomic absorption of treated effluent and in vitro by isolation and identification of microorganisms in selective culture media with K2CrO4. The results show a 58% Cr (VI) reduction of the microorganisms: Bacillus cereus, Acinetobacter iwoffi, Lactobacillus agilis, Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp. Which are able to tolerate Cr (VI) concentrations of 300 ppm.

81-101

Authors: Ricardo Andrés Naranjo Flórez

Asperger syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder; it was described by Hans Asperger in 1944. It is characterized by a marked social disruption, difficulties in communication, deficit in the ability to play and a range of interests and repetitive behavior, without a significant language or cognitive delay. Considering the current importance of the item, this is done in a comprehensive review on the subject that covers aspects such as: clinical features, alterations to the physical examination, and possible structural and functional alterations. Also the DSM-IV criteria and the differential diagnosis are specified. Finally, some of the aspects related to the genetics and treatment are discussed.

109-114

Authors: Gina Sofía Montaño Padilla, Paula Catalina Lancheros González, Luis Gustavo Celis

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease endemic to African, Asian, Latin America and South Pacific countries. It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae that manifests itself as varied as areas of hypo or anesthesia, macules hypochromic, with or without neura thickening. On some occasions, after having completed the course of therapy recommended by the World Health Organization, it can recur, showing new clinical lesions or increasing the bacillary index. These features can be confused with erythema nodosum leprosum, characterized by an antigenantibody reaction that secures a complement through which the immune system combats antigen cells. This text describes a case of recurrence of lepromatous leprosy and lesions compatible with erythema nodosum leprosum after it has been treated with combination chemotherapy.