European Journal of Academic Essays

7-11

Authors: Jean Francois, Emmanuel

Abstract: Societies include social classes or social groups with different levels of access to education, health care, housing, transportation, leisure, voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, quality neighborhood, living wages, and other goods and services. Some people think that the gaps among groups are considered as resulting from individual efforts and drive. Others believe that unequal access to resources stems from structural and institutionalized exploitations of one group by another, thus argue for social justice. Many believe that education can help tackle the structures that are the root causes of social and economic inequalities, thus lead to social justice. However, education for social justice has mostly been considered in the perspective of young children and youth. What is the meaning of social justice in the context of adult education? Reaching social justice has been a challenge throughout the history of the American society and remains critical in adult education. This paper reviews the concept of social justice and provides an overview in terms of its meaning for liberal, progressive, behaviorist, humanist, radical, analytic, and postmodern philosophies of adult education

18-21

Authors: Noshin Farhadi

Abstract: Today, due to the severe resource constraints in the world, on one hand, and the rejection of other consumer’s populations on the other hand, the issues related to increasing productivity and efficiency in all areas of human life has become the topic of debate and discussions, and the efforts of many individuals and organizations focused on ways to realize it. Educational system has become one of the most used social organization based on the millions of students, teachers, and other related people; which is in urgent need for plans and methods to increase their productivity, hoping that increased efficiency in education is equal to better learning, better retention of learning and deeper learning and prosperity of their talents in exchange for lower financial and human resources expenditures. The teaching-learning opportunities were designed, implemented and evaluated in more systematic approaches. In this process, the role of educational media as one of the system components, and as a facilitator of communication between teachers and students is very significant and fundamental. Based on a system approach to curriculum design, decisions about how to select each elements including educational media are linked to other elements in the system, therefore, it is very important and essential to pay special care and attention in the selection of instructional media.

28-35,

Authors: Ige Akindele, M

Abstract: In Nigeria, the low status of teachers, coupled with the ineffectiveness, low commitment, the display of negative attitudes by some teachers, the poor academic performance of pupils/students in schools, as well as the falling standard of education, calls for adequate motivation of teachers. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the strategies for motivating teachers for improved performance at this period of implementation of Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme, such as: allowing teachers to participate in decision making, attending to teachers’ personal and on the job problems, recognizing, praising and rewarding teachers with outstanding performance, assigning responsibilities to teachers, providing incentives for teachers, improving school environment, providing instructional materials for teachers, regular promotion of teachers, sponsoring teachers to conferences, seminars, and workshops, prompt payment of teachers’ salaries and allowances, payment of special salary for teachers, as well as the professionalization of teaching..