International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems

8

Authors: Chao Gao, Guorong Zhao, Shuang Pan, Jianjun Zhou

Clustering Algorithm is a kind of key technique used to reduce energy consumption, which can increase network scalability and lifetime. The main goal of this research is concerning protocols to contain in-motion sensor nodes in large-scale topologies, and constitute a fleet wireless sensor network which can assistant in-flight localization and alignment for carrier-based aircraft. In this paper, we abstract network model according to specific conditions of F-WSN, and select performance indicators to evaluate it. A distributed multiple-weight data gathering and aggregation protocol (DMDG) is proposed, which contains all-sided active clustering scheme and realizes long-range realtime communication by tacical data link under a TDMA/CSMA channel sharing mechanism. An analytical paradigm facilitating the most appropriate choice of the next relay is proposed. Experimental results have shown that DMDG scheme can balance the energy consumption and extend the network lifetime notably, outperform LEACH, PEACH, and DEEC in terms of network lifetime and coverage rate, especially in sparse node density or anisotropic topologies.

8

Authors: Kazuya Takemori, Dennis Arturo Ludeña Romaña, Shinichiro Kubota, Kenichi Sugitani, Yasuo Musashi

We carried out an entropy study on the DNS query traffic from the Internet to the top domain DNS server in a university campus network through January 1st to March 31st, 2009. The obtained results are: (1) We observed a difference for the entropy changes among the total-, the A-, and the PTR resource records (RRs) based DNS query traffic from the Internet through January 17th to February 1st, 2009. (2) We found the large NS RR based DNS query traffic including only a keyword ”.” in the total inbound DNS query traffic. (3) We also found that the unique source IP address based PTR DNS traffic entropy slightly increased, while the unique DNS query keywords based one drastically decreased in March 9th, 2009. We found a specific IP host which was an already-hijacked classical Linux PC that carried out the SSH dictionary attack to the Internet sites in March 9th, 2009. From these results,we can detect the unusual inbound NS RR based DNS traffic and the outbound SSH dictionary attacks by only watching DNS query traffic from the Internet.

8

Authors: Dennis Arturo Ludeña Romaña, Shinichiro Kubota, Kenichi Sugitani, Yasuo Musashi

We carried out an entropy study on the DNS query traffic from the outside of a university campus network to the top domain DNS server when querying about reverse resolution on the PC room terminals through April 1st, 2007 to April 30th, 2008. The following interesting results are given: (1) The total DNS query traffic changes in a mild manner until January 16th, 2008, however it drastically changes after January 17th, 2008. (2) In January 17th, 2008, the DNS query traffic is mainly dominated by several specific IP addresses as their query keywords. (3) We carried out forensic analysis on the PC room terminals in which IP addresses are found in the several specific keywords and it is concluded that the PCs become spam bots when inserting USB based key disk storage.

8

Authors: Qiongshui Wu, Libo Zeng, Ningning Guo

Counting of different classes of white blood cells in bone marrow smears can provide pathologists with valuable information regarding various hematological disorders. For automatic imaging analysis techniques, precise segmentation of White Blood Cells is quite challenging due to the complex contents in bone marrow smears. Far more different from traditional color imaging analysis method, we introduced multispectral imaging techniques. After an image with high quality was acquired, the spectrum of each pixel was directly fed into a trained Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification, then morphological binary operations were performed to correct the small error-classified regions. Masses of experiments show that our multispectral imaging method is device-independent to a large extent, and the segmentation results are highly satisfactory and inspiring. It proves that the introduction of multispectral imaging analysis techniques into White Blood Cells detection is a success. Multispectral imaging analysis is a promising technique in biomedicine.

10

Authors: Suojun Lu, Jian'an Fang, Qingying Miao

The topology of a network often plays a crucial role in determining its dynamical features. There is increasing interest in trying to understand the relationship between the structural properties of networks and their behaviors. However, this problem has not been fully considered in many neural networks, which mimic certain biological processes. Here, we construct a recurrent network model to simulate the decision-making process of brain. In this model, we examined the effects of network topology on the performance of decision-making by constructing three different topological networks: the regular network, the random network, and the small-world network. We found that the regular network and the small-world network show significant better performance of decision-making than that in the random network when the internal noise of the networks is low. However, following the increase of the internal noise, the random network, instead of two other networks, shows better ability to resist the noise. Finally, to mimic neurodegeneration or neural injury, we introduced two types of neuronal damages: clustered damage and distributed damage. We found that three networks exhibit different network behaviors in the case of neuronal damages. The regular network and the small-world network display severe decrease of the performance in the distributed damage pattern, but not in the clustered damage pattern. The random network shows similarly gradual decrease of the performance in both damage patterns. Furthermore, the small-world network shows the best performance in the high levels of distributed damage. Together, our results indicate that network topology significantly influence the network behaviors in our model of decision-making.

7

Authors: Yan Liu ,Kai Liu , Wei-liang Tao, Ye Zhu

Compared to other methods, insulator’s contact angles detection can obtain more precise and more accurate hydrophobicity in parts of insulator, getting in-depth information like hydrophobicity of shed material, migration of the hydrophobicity after polluted insulator, attenuation and recovery characteristics of the insulation performance under certain conditions, all of which are its particular advantages. A new detection method of insulator’s performance is proposed in this paper with measuring contact angles. With this method, the boundary curve of water drop on insulator’s surface was extracted with image processing, then the polynomial fitting was deployed to fit the boundary curve, and contact angles of water drop were calculated by differentiate the polynomial deduced from the polynomial fitting. So the performance of the insulator can be detected and the process doesn’t need manual intervention which makes the detect result accurate and objective. Experiments show that the root mean square error of the measurement is below 2%.

8

Authors: Yan Liu, Wei Liangtao, Kai Liu, Ying Xu

Recently, several data storage schemes have been developed to store massive sensor data in the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A crucial task of WSNs is to disseminate useful information to users efficiently and handle the data storage architecture incorporating their extreme resource constraints. A Distributed Index based Multi-resolution Storage Architecture (DIMSA) for data storage and retrieval at multiple levels of detail in WSNs is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme could automatically disseminate useful information to users in correspondence to the user defined level of detail to save energy. In the condition that some attributes are included in many events, the values for these attributes have to be replicated and stored at different places in the network for each individual event in traditional data-centric storage schemes. This will consume some extra energy. To address this problem, DIMSA deploys an attribute allocation scheme for finding a good distribution of attributes to the sensor networks. In addition, a distributed index scheme is also proposed to avoid query flooding and extra data transmission. Analysis and simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The results show that DIMSA outperforms the traditional data-centric storage scheme like GHT.

6

Authors: Yuchen Yan, Qinghu Chen, Wei Deng, Feng Yuan

In this paper, a spectral feature extraction method based on fast Fourier transformation for writer identification is presented. According to the constructibility of the texture image of handwriting, we put forward an estimation method for mathematical expectation value of texture image’s spectral features. This method eliminates the randomness of spectral features and gets stable spectral features. The experiment results show that this approach enhances the identification accuracy to a large extent using data sets with large handwriting samples.

8

Authors: Kee-Baek Kim, Jong-Su Kim, Sangkeun Lee, Jong-Soo Choi

Image registration has been widely used in many image processing-related works. However, the exiting researches have some problems: first, it is difficult to find the accurate information such as translation, rotation, and scaling factors between images; and it requires high computational cost. To resolve these problems, this work proposes a Fourier-based image registration using pyramid edge images and a simple line fitting. Main advantages of the proposed approach are that it can compute the accurate information at sub-pixel precision and can be carried out fast for image registration. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than other baseline algorithms particularly for the large images such as aerial images. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can be used as a useful tool for image registration that requires high efficiency in many fields including GIS, MRI, CT, image mosaicing, and weather forecasting.