International Journal of Drug Discovery

123-127

Authors: NDUKA S.O., OKONTA J.M., ESIMONE C.O.

Objective: The pharmacokinetic parameters of isoniazid and ciprofloxacin administered orally to garlic (Allium sativum) pretreated rats of both sex divided into four groups of five rats per group was determined. Methods: Two groups received ciprofloxacin 20 mg/kg and Isoniazid 15 mg/kg respectively while the other groups received garlic extract for 10 days followed by the administration of ciprofloxacin or Isoniazid on the 11th day. Blood samples were collected from each group at different time interval and plasma concentrations of the drugs determined spectrophotometrically. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the non-compartmental method as implemented in win Nonlin. Secondly, the effect of Allium sativum on the lung penetration of the drugs at same dose range was determined also in rats. Results: Garlic significantly increased the AUC of ciprofloxacin from 119.00±0.962 to 256.32±0.680 and decreased Vd from 1.13±0.172 to 0.90±0.009 and CL from 0.16±0.011 to 0.062±0.001. The AUC of INH was also increased from 491.84±56.765 to 574.04±50.600 and CL was significantly decreased from 0.02±0.007 to 0.01±0.003 where as Vd showed little or no change, (0.397±0.009/0.42±0.143). Garlic increased the maximum concentration of ciprofloxacin achieved in the lung fluid and the time to attain this concentration was delayed, while the maximum concentration of INH achieved in the presence and absence of the herb showed no difference though, the time to attain this concentration were delayed. Conclusion: Our findings therefore suggested that the co-administration of garlic with ciprofloxacin or Isoniazid may pose a negative clinical implication of increased drug toxicity and/or adverse effects.

137-144

Authors: ANURAJ NAYARISSERI, MUKESH YADAV, SHEAZA AHMED, JYOTI SAHU, PRIYANKA GUPTA, RACHNA CHOURASIA, DEEPTI MITTAL

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by spores of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. The B. anthracis spores are highly resistant to inactivation and may be present in the soil, for example, for decades, occasionally infecting grazing animals that ingest the spores. Goats, sheep and cattle are examples of animals that may become infected. Human infection may occur by three routes of exposure to anthrax spores: cutaneous (through the skin), gastrointestinal (by ingestion) and pulmonary (inhalation). A major factor in the virulence of Bacillus anthracis is its secretion of three binary toxins, protective antigen, lethal toxin and edema toxin. These toxins possess a common cell receptor-binding (B) component but have distinct biochemically active (A) components. In traditional vaccine approaches made researchers to produce vaccine very easy. The current approach was based upon the insilico identification of T-Cell Epitopes and its binding affinity with MHC Class II. The T-Cell Epitope was identified using the HLAPred which identifies the peptide class that binds with both MHC Class I and II. Further the Epitope was analyzed for peptide characteristics such as antigenic nature, lipophilicity and solvent assessable. Out of all peptides the peptide which shows all the character for further analyzed for protein peptide interaction to find the high affinity binding peptide with low energy.