Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction

179-181

Authors: Nirav R. Soni

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus, transmitted by daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes, such as A. aegypti. ZIKV will continue to spread and it will be difficult to determine how the virus will spread over time. Sign and symptoms of ZIKAVD (Zika virus disease) were conjunctivitis (red eyes), back pain, birth defect-abnormal brain development known as microcephaly and it is diagnosed through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and virus isolation from blood samples.

188-192

Authors: T. Auta, A.T. Hassan

Objective The study was designed to investigate the alterations in oestrus cycle and implantation in Mus musculus administered aqueous wood ash extract of Azadirachta indica. Methods Mice were randomly grouped into four groups (5/group) where 0, 5, 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of the extract were orally administered for 20 d and microscopy of vaginal smear carried out daily to determine anti-ovulatory activity. Oestrus cycle, including metestrus, diestrus and oestrus phases and histopathology of uterus were examined. To assess abortifacient activity, pregnant mice were also administered extracts for 7 d and laparotomised on the 10th day of pregnancy to observe implantation in the horns of the uterus. Results Duration of metestrus and diestrus phases varied significantly, while the frequency at which the oestrus phase occurred was lowest at 100 mg/kg, (2.8 ± 0.2) and (1.2 ± 0.4) d, with degeneration of epithelial cells of glands in the uterus. Failure of implantation (0% implantation) was recorded in mice exposed to 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract. Conclusions Aqueous wood ash extract of A. indica altered the duration of metestrus, diestrus and oestrus phases of the oestrus cycle and compromised implantation in female mice.

198-203

Authors: R. Heru Prasetyo, Erma Safitri

Objective Auto-regeneration of the intestinal and ovarian tissue are experiencing degenerative due to protein energy malnutrition (PEM) through of auto-mobilization, increase of immune response and differentiation of endogenous stem cells. Methods Female rat model of PEM obtained through fasting meals for 5 d and only to drink, causing malnutrition and damage of the intestinal and ovarian tissue. Furthermore, the therapy of honey with a dose of 30% water (T1) and 50% water (T2), respectively for 5 d and compared with the positive control, were fasted without being given honey (T0+) and negative control, not fasted and without being given honey (T0−). Observations on: auto-mobilization, increased immune response, differentiation of stem cells, and regeneration of the intestinal and ovarian tissue with HE staining. Results Auto-mobilization of stem cells based on the expression of CD34+ and CD45+, which is a marker of endogenous stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells/HSCs). Increased immune response is based on Hsp70 expression and PGE2 in intestinal tissue. Differentiation of stem cells into progenitor cells that expected based expression of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) by immunohistochemistry in ovarian tissue. Conclusions Expression of CD34+ and CD45+, which significantly different in treatment 2 (2). Furthermore, increase of immune response (decrease Hsp70 expression and increased PGE2) in intestinal tissue. Increased immune response causes expression of GDF-9 in ovarian tissue. Decreased of Hsp70 expression, increased PGE2 and increased GDF-9 followed the process of regeneration of the intestinal and ovarian tissue.

210-213

Authors: Raichel Jacob, Chandirasekar Ramachandran, Calistus Jude, Uthayakumar Venkatachalam, Sasikala Keshav Rao

Objective To investigate the frequency of Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma gene among PCOS of South Indian Population. Understanding this polymorphism may help us in better diagnosis prevention and therapeutic approaches towards management of PCOS. Method A total of 75 women with the diagnosis of PCOS and 75 healthy controls were included in this study. The Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR gamma gene was analysed by PCR-RFLP. Results Genotypic frequencies for PPAR gamma gene Pro12Ala polymorphism showed the frequency of Pro/Pro genotypes was 77% in PCOS and 81% in controls. The odds ratio was 0.71 (95% CI 0.31–1.63) and 2.66 (95% CI 0.21–32.9) and alleles expressed 0.87 (95% CI 0.42–1.79). Regarding hormone levels, there were significant differences between PCOS and non PCOS. Conclusion PPARγ2 gene Pro12Ala polymorphism was supposed to be susceptible genes in PCOS. The present study demonstrated that there is a statistical difference between the distributions of PPAR gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism in South Indian Population.

221-226

Authors: Amir Hossein Asgari Safdar, Ali Asghar Sadeghi

Objective This study was conducted in order to the administration of 50 and 100 mg of bovine somatotropin (bST) at the beginning of the estrus synchronization and natural mating of the sheep to evaluate the improvement of the ovulation rate, embryonic development and pregnancy rate of the transferred embryos. Methods Forty eight donors were treated with three different types of treatment; Group A: treated with bST-100 (n = 15), received 100 mg of bST at the beginning of the synchronization and natural mating, Group B: treated with 50 mg of bST (n = 15) same as the previous group and control (n = 18) did not receive any type of bST. Each recipient received two embryos, (n = 108): 30 recipients received the embryos from bST-100s, 45 recipients received the embryos from bST-50 and 33 recipients received embryos from the control group. Using SAS related GENMOD method, rate of superovulatory, recovered structure percentage, cleavage rate, transferable embryo percentage, quality of embryos, rates of pregnancy and embryonic development were analyzed. Using GLM procedure, numbers of corpus luteum and blastocyst cells were analyzed. Results The bST administration had no significant effect on rate of superovulatory, number of CL and recovered structures (P ≥ 0.05). Number of transferable embryos and embryos that had access to the blastocyst in bST-50 (P ≤ 0.01) was more than bST-100 and control group. Conclusions The treatment 50 mg bovine somatotropins enhance the ratio and growth of the transferable embryos. Embryos of bST-50 treatment indicated an improved embryonic development but bST did not affect the pregnancy rates of transferred embryos.

232-235

Authors: Syed Ali Abid Bukhari, Shujait Ali, Muhammad Zubair, Ijaz Ahmad, Ubaid Ur Rehman

Objective To evaluate the ovulation inducing effect of clomiphene citrate along with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in prepubertal Sahiwal heifers. Clomiphene citrate (an anti-estrogen) causes gonadotropin secretion from pituitary gland by removing the negative feedback effect of estrogen. This causes more FSH secretion which ultimately stimulates follicular growth and upon hCG administration (luteinizing hormone activity) ovulation occurs. Methods Twelve prepubertal Sahiwal heifers were divided into experimental and control groups, with six animals in each group. The grouping of animals was made on the basis of plane ovary. The status of ovarian puberty was checked through rectal palpation and history of previous estrus signs. Experimental heifers were given clomiphene citrate at 300 mg/heifer for 9 d orally, while heifers in control group were given placebo tablets. The dose of clomiphene citrate was selected on the basis of previous literature. On day 10, hCG (IVF-C 5000 iu (hCG) LG Life Sciences, Korea) was given to all heifers of both groups at 2 500 IU/heifer through intravenous route. Two base line blood samples were collected before start of the treatment at each rectal palpation examination for selection of animals. Subsequently, during and after treatment three blood samples per week (on alternate days) for 4 weeks were collected for measuring the progesterone (P4) in serum. The concentration of progesterone was measured though enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. For the comparison of variables, student t-test was applied. Results The P4 concentrations in five heifers (83.3%) in the experimental group with (P4 > 1 ng/mL) and one heifer (16.7%) in the control group along with corpus luteum on ovary showed ovulation. One heifer in control group ovulated that might be due to hCG. Mean progesterone concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in treated heifers than in control heifers. Conclusion Administration of clomiphene citrate and hCG can induce ovulation induction in prepubertal Sahiwal heifers.

240-246

Authors: Mark Anthony C. Mamon, Julie Andrea P. Añano, Louise C. Abanador, Genesis Julyus T. Agcaoili, Caira B. Sagum, Ria Lorraine H. Pagliawan, Jean Mherck B. Tapere, Jessie Bob M. Agravante, John Harold G. Arevalo, Abdul Jabbar A. Minalang

Objective To determine the effects of the water quality of Manila Bay on allometric parameters and histological biomarkers of selected organs of P. viridis. Methods Green mussels were collected from two coastal sites of Manila Bay, Las Piñas – Parañaque (LPP) and Bacoor, Cavite (BC). Twenty-four green mussels from each site were used for the assessment of allometric parameters, and six green mussels from LPP and eight from BC were used for the assessment of histological structures of gonads, gut, and digestive glands. Gonad development was categorized into five stages, whereas gut and digestive glands were scored into four categories. Results Allometric parameters that include shell height, weight, and total wet and dry soft tissue weight were significantly different between LPP and BC. It was also observed that exposure to the pollutants in Manila Bay resulted to delays in gonadal development, and detrimental changes and lesions in the histostructure of digestive gland and gut. Conclusions Pollutants in Manila Bay have detrimental effects to the growth, reproductive development, and histological structure of digestive organs of P. viridis.

252-255

Authors: Reda I. El-Sheshtawy, Walid S. El-Nattat, Samy I.A. Shalaby, Mohamed I. Shahba, Islam E. Al-Se'dawy

Objective The benefits of dates palm and their pollen grains in the human nourishment system have their consideration and importance in medical and nutritional point of view. The present study aimed to investigate a new perspective for the use of date palm pollen grains (DPPG) aqueous extract or infusion in preservation of chilled and frozen buffalo semen. Methods Pooled buffalo semen were diluted by Tris-Citrate-Fructose egg yolk (TCFY) diluent (considered as control) and diverse concentrations of clarified soaked pollen grains in Tris-Citrate-Fructose (TCF) diluent in concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg DPPG/5 mL TCF. Five concentrations were kept without egg yolk (TPG) while other five concentrations contained 20% egg yolk (TPGY). Each of the two dilutions was enumerated according to the concentration of DPPG. Extended semen is then chilled (for 7 d) and cryopreserved. Motility, alive sperm and intact sperm membrane (HOST) % were recorded as characteristic sperm parameters. Results After 7 d of chilling, significant (P < 0.000 1) high percent of motile sperms was recorded for TPG 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 (66.67, 65.00, 61.67, 61.67 and 63.33, respectively). After freeze thawing, TPGY 150 and 250 showed the significant (P < 0.000 1) high percent of motile sperms (43.75 and 45.00, respectively) while TPGY 100, 200, 250 and TPG 50, 150 revealed the high results concerning HOST (80.61, 83.99, 80.61, 88.33 and 83.33, respectively) whereas the highest alive sperm percentage was recorded with TPGY 150 (96.30) compared to the control. Conclusions The aqueous cold infusion or extract of the DPPG, added to the TCF extender with or without the addition of egg yolk, proved its good preserving and maintaining capacity of chilled and thawed buffalo bull sperms which was expressed mainly by the sperm motility.

263-265

Authors: Achour Radhouane, Neji Khaled

Corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) was evaluated by ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with many studies. Ultrasonography was able to suspect CCA by indirect signs but a definitive diagnosis of CCA was achieved in rare cases. MRI was able to diagnose complete CCA in majority of cases. Additional neurological abnormalities including heterotopia, gyration anomaly, asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres, and Dandy-Walker variant were documented, as well as an ocular anomaly which was described, by MRI examination. Prenatal counseling for fetal agenesis of the corpus callosum is difficult as the prognosis is uncertain. The association with other cerebral abnormalities increases the likelihood of a poor outcome and ultrasonographic assessment of the fetal brain is limited. We found MRI to be a safe and useful additional procedure to complement ultrasonographic diagnosis or suspicion of CCA.

269

Authors: Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit

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