International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water

1141-1157

Authors: Zhang Chengze, Sun Jichao*

Abstract: To master the law of precipitation evolution in Beijing and better implement the management of water resources. Based on the monthly precipitation data of Beijing from 1978 to 2020, the trend, mutation and periodicity of annual and seasonal precipitation in Beijing were studied by using linear regression, anomaly analysis, 5a moving average, Mann-Kendall mutation test and Morlet wavelet analysis. The results show that the annual, spring, summer, autumn and winter tilt rates are - 1.81mm/3a, - 0.17mm/3a, - 3.11 mm/3a, 1.42mm/3a and 0.02mm/3a respectively. The precipitation in summer decreased significantly in 2005, in autumn increased significantly in 2012, and in winter decreased significantly in 1982. There was no significant change in inter-annual and spring precipitation. The annual and seasonal precipitation had many mutations in this time series, and the mutations were 7 times, 13 times, 2 times, 5 times and 7 times respectively. There are three kinds of periodic changes in annual precipitation, and the intensity of periodic changes is the largest in the 20-32 year scale. There were 3 types, 2 types, 2 types and 2 types of periodic changes in each season respectively. The intensity of periodic changes in winter precipitation was the largest on a 10-20 year scale, and the intensity of periodic changes in the other three seasons was the largest on a 20-32 year scale. In general, the annual and seasonal precipitation in Beijing has obvious trends, mutations and periodicity, and the research results have certain reference values for Beijing water resources planning and other related work. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

1215-1249

Authors: Adnan Khan*, Sara Shahwaar

Abstract: Present study aimed to examine the impact of physico-chemical factors of agricultural soil on zinc availability for plant uptake in the Gadap Basin. Bio accessibility and availability were assessed for the vegetable and fruit plants. For this purpose, water (n = 6), soil (n=11), and plant (n=12) samples were collected from agricultural-fields. Data revealed that both water (Range: 7.14 to 8.34; mean: of 7.99) and soil (Range: 7.8 to 8.4) pH is alkaline. The soil Eh is oxic which span between +120 and+134 mV. Similarly, High soil salinity (Range: 163 to 322 mg/kg) is causing increasing soil pH, which is leading to less availability of zinc to plants. According to soil classification, soil of Gadap is found to be coarse grained where 85% of the soil retained between 60 and 100 meshes, while 5% stayed between 17 and 200 meshes, and other 10% comprises clay. The zinc concentration in soil ranged between 25–40 mg/kg, which is extremely low. On the other, hand zn concentration in plant samples is found to be 10.71mg/Kg-21.35mg/Kg. It is concluded that agricultural soil of Gadap town is deficient in Zn content which is affecting the crops nutrient index. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

1049-1073

Authors: Adnan Khan*, Afrida Fatima Ahmed, Sumaira Asif Khan, Umair waseem

Abstract: Geochemical and geotechnical characterization of Pir Mangho limestone, Halkani limestone unit Talawa limestone and Turitela bed of Tertiary age was carried out for their suitability as dimension stone. For this purpose, limestone samples (n = 8) were collected from Sonapass area. Petrographic properties reveals that all the collected samples are fine grained allochemical limestone enrich with fossil fragments as frame work grain. As per Dunham (1962) classification, Pir Mangho and Talawa limestone are classified as boundstone while Halakni limestone and Turitela units are classified as grainstone. According to Folk (1959) classification Pir-Mangho and Halkani limestone unit is classified as biosparitic limestone while, Talawa limestone is bio-micritic limestone. As per Munsell color chart most of the samples are reddish yellow followed by pinkish white and yellowish red in color. CaO and MgO content varies in the order of Lp (49.9%) > Lt (47.40%) >, Lh (30.81) > Lm 25.45% and Lm (2.20%) > Lh (1.30%) > Lt (0.84%) > Lp (0.72%) respectively. In Lp and Lt limestone samples, the average SiO2 content is < 6%. On the other hand, Lh is found to contain 32.59% silica. Likewise, the mean content of Na2O and K2O varies in the order of Lh (0.47%) > Lm (0.44%) > Lt 0.06% > Lp (0.05%) and Lh (1.25%) > Lm (0.69%) > Lt (0.23%) > Lp 0.215% respectively. On the other hand, Al2O3 content in all studied samples varies in the order of Lh (5.94%) > Lm (4.76%) > Lt (1.28%) > Lp (1.15%). The average iron oxide content in collected samples is found to be 1.36% (Lp), 2.99% (Lt), 3.67% (Lh) and 14.90% (Lm) respectively. Absorption data of present study reveal that except sample Lm-8, all samples are classified as high density rocks where mean absorption values of all samples varied in the order of 3> 1.42 > 2.66 for Lh, Lt, and Lp respectively. On the other hand, sample Lm-8 is classified as medium density rock with high degree of absorption (5.27%). Collected samples have shown variable bulk density where average values are 2545.673 kg/m3, 2289.44 kg/m3, 2326.33 kg/m33 and 1990.80 kg/m3 for Lp, Lh, Lt and Lm respectively so these rocks are classified as high to medium density rocks. The average compressive strength of collected samples are 42.21, 41.93 and 42.16 Mpa for Lp, Lh, and Lt respectively suggesting that these are medium density rocks and results are comparable with ASTM C 568. The Lt, Lp and Lh have acceptable range of modulus of rupture, with the average value varying in the order of 23.7 > 22.61 > 22.48 and comparable with ASTM C568. Absorption has negative relationship with compressive strength and density. While, density has positive relationship with compressive strength. Hence, these results indicate that except sample Lm-8 all the collected limestone samples of Nari and Gaj formations are suitable for the purpose of medium grade dimension stone. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

1103-1115

Authors: Zakir Hossine 1, Afia Farzana 2, Md. Abdur Rafe 3, and Md. Kamrujjaman 4*

In the universe, an infinite number of patterns are visible, which is the premier beauty of nature. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool to decorate the patterns in scientific computation. This paper studied the Gierer-Meinhardt reaction-diffusion model of pattern formation to visualize a class of patterns for different animals and plants. It is also noted that many biological and chemical phenomena can be explained using the Gierer-Meinhardt model. We have analyzed the linear stability to get the stability and instability conditions of a system of reaction-diffusion equations with diffusion and in the absence of diffusion. Finally, as an application, a series of different types of patterns are presented using numerical simulation of the model. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/