International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water

175

Authors: Sun Jichao

Editor Board © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

193-204

Authors: Christian Azuka Olele

In developed and developing countries, government has significant constraints in their ability to make investment in the provision of public infrastructure. This has brought about the involvement of private sector participants in the provision of such services. Nigeria as a developing country, since the embracement of democracy in 1999 the civilian democratic government took up the application of PPP framework as a medium to providing important infrastructure through the involvement of the organized private sector. In other to make PPP attractive to the private sector in Nigeria, the government set up attractive investment opportunities for PPP investors and also provide fair legal framework where the private sector investor will be allowed to come up with concession companies, have guarantees that compensation will be paid by the government if she defaults. In the development of PPP infrastructure projects, the private sector participants are exposed to risks associated with assets investment in public projects. As a result, the private sectors generally are inspired to ask for soaring investment guarantees, special considerations and other investment enticements so as to guard their investments. This paper is aimed at looking at the recent PPP infrastructural developments in Nigeria where the government has clinched the PPP framework policy since the passing of the PPP act 20. And secondly, to look at the benefits associated with the investment of the private sectors in the development of infrastructure. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

217-244

Authors: Adnan Khan, Viqar Husain, Asal Eghbal Bakhtiari, Muhammad Hamza Khan

The aim of present study is to determine the groundwater arsenic contamination and identification of its possible sources through hydro-geochemistry in Bhulri Shah Karim Taluka which is part of Tando Muhammad Khan district, Sindh. For this purpose, 66 groundwater samples taken from shallow wells (depth < 30 meters) were analyzed to determine physicochemical and microbiological parameters including arsenic. Hydro-geochemical data reveal that groundwater is marginally saline (Mean TDS: 1166 mg/L) and slightly alkaline (Mean pH: 7.25). More than half of the groundwater wells (n = 25) are sewage impacted as indicated by the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria. Strong positive correlation of HCO3 with SO4 (r = 0.61), Cl- (r = 0.54), F- (r = 0.52) and NO3(r = 0.5) was observed which suggest that complex geochemical processes are operating in the study area. Hardness of groundwater showed the strong relationship with NO3 (r = 0.57) and HCO3 (r = 0.47) indicating the mineral and fertilizer contribution. On the other hand, weak but positive correlation of Fe with NO3(r = 0.22) suggests that denitrification process is active but slow in study area. In about 40% groundwater samples arsenic occurs in alarmingly high concentrations (up to 250µg/L) against WHO permissible limit of 10 µg/L for drinking water. About one third of total sewage impacted wells show arsenic concentrations in the range of 10-200 µg/L suggesting that arsenic release is somehow linked with sanitation. Correlation of As with Fe (r = 0.21) is weak but positive and strong with PO4 (r = 0.48) which suggest that as released from organic matter is followed by reductive dissolution of FeOOH through bacterial respiration in the groundwater of Bhulri Shah Karim. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/