Innovation and Entrepreneurship

3-9

Authors: Peter Dimitrov, Zdravka Dzhandarmova

Samuel v Gina Trespass It is uncertain, but in the last reckoning doubtful that Samuel would have the right to recover damages from Gina for trespass to land. (An action for a trespass on the case is a different question, but that is explained below.) Trespass is “a direct intrusion upon land in the possession of the claimant” (Card et al., 2011, p 317). Let it be assumed that Samuel is in possession and not an absentee landlord (in which case the tenant would have the right to sue, unless Samuel proved damage lasting beyond reversion at tenancy’s end); even so, for Samuel to recover in trespass, Gina would have had to cause the toxins to cross over the boundary into Samuel’s property in person, as by accidentally spilling it while stacking the containers. On the facts of this case, the containers “leaked” at a later date, and not “were spilled” at the time, so that the immediate agency of Gina was not involved in their intrusion onto Samuel’s land; therefore, an action in trespass should not lie.

21-31

Authors: Miroslav Vasilev, Ivan Binev

The composition of dairy products, as well as their suitability, are essential for dairy processing, for the management of milk-producing farms. Organoleptic methods for diagnosing disease states as a result of bacterial infections when storing dairy products are subjective and depend on the qualifications and experience of the assessor. This requires the development of new methods for rapid, non-destructive and objective diagnosis. Optical methods such as visual images and spectral characteristics processing can be an alternative to classic chemical and microbiological methods for milk and dairy products analysis. An examination was made of the possibility of using color and spectral characteristics to track the change in the surface of white brined cheese and yellow cheese stored in conditions not in accordance with those specified by the manufacturer, by specifying the time to establish the process of changing of those characteristics.

42-53

Authors: Petya Boneva, Vladimir Bonev, Oksana Zakharkevich

The semantic circle of visual forms (images, paintings, compositions, objects, works, etc.) is a stimulating creative and innovative thinking novelty in education and practice, introducing new concepts, approaches, methods and techniques in the analysis and synthesis of visualizations, communications and presentations. The article explores the application of the 3D semantic circle in two main directions - education and business. The results show that the semantic circle is a unique tool for solving both creative tasks and problems as well as personal/ emotional.