News of the Ural State Mining University

7-12

Authors: I. Yu. Badanina, K. N. Malitch, A. V. Antonov, I. N. Kapitonov, V. V. Khiller, S. M. Tuganova, R. K. W. Merkle

Complex Os–Au–U paleoplacers of the Witwatersrand basin, known as the Witwatersrand reefs, have been mined for more than a hundred years. In order to clarify the sources of ore matter, the duration and conditions for formation of platinum-group element (PGE) mineralization this study presents the original data on chemical and Os-isotopic composition in platinum-group minerals (PGM) derived from the Kimberley gold-bearing conglomerate formation located in the upper section of the Central Rand (Turffontein Subgroup of The Central Rand Group). The study employed a number of analytical techniques including electron microprobe analysis, laser ablation and mass spectrometry with ionization in inductively coupled plasma. The 187Os/188Os value in individual PGM grains of various compositions (ruthenium, osmium, iridium, rutheniridosmine, laurite, erlichmanite, unnamed polycomponent solid solutions of the Ru–Os–Ir–Pt ± Fe system) was found to range from 0.10481 ± 0.00006 to 0.10895 ± 0.00006, and 187Re/188Os lower than 0.0004. The studied PGM assemblage is represented by two main groups with mean 187Os/188Os values of 0.10510±0.00026 (n = 11) and 0.10682±0.00046 (n = 23), and a subordinate 187Os /188Os cluster of 0.10871 ± 0.00034 (n = 2). The Os-isotope results identify similar 187Os/188Os values for coexisting Os-bearing PGM pairs including Os-rich alloy and erlichmanite (i. e., 0.10482 ± 0.00002 and 0.10483 ± 0.00002, respectively), Os–Ru–Ir–Pt alloy and laurite (0.10528 ± 0.00002 and 0.10533 ± 0.00003, respectively). 187Os/188Os ages of the PGM, calculated relative to a chondrite universal reservoir (CHUR) model (Chen et al., 1998), vary between 2.73 and 3.33 Ga. Two main PGM groups have mean model TMA CHUR ages of 3.250 ± 0.035 and 3.018 ± 0.062 Ga. Subordinate PGM group is characterized by the third age cluster (2.762 ± 0.046 Ga). The obtained results are consistent with: (i) high-temperature formation of the studied Ru–Os–Ir–Pt alloys, polycomponent solid solutions of the Ru–Os–Ir–Pt (±Fe) system and Ru–Os sulfides, (ii) similarity of the initial Os-isotope composition in coexisting Os-rich alloys and Ru-Os sulfides, (iii) subhondritic Archaean source of platinum-group elements (PGE), and (iv) clastic origin of the studied PGM.

23-27

Authors: L. E. Orolbaeva

Mountain ridges divide the territory into drainage basins within which special natural conditions appear: climatic, geological-hydrogeological, hydrological, ecosystem. The article contains the characteristics of the geological-hydrogeological structure of intermountain artesian basins of Tien-Shan and Pamir-Alai. The author considers factors influencing the formation of water resources of intermountain basins and gives characteristics of river feeding types and main sources of groundwater formation in river valleys. One can see presented hydrodynamic features of basins and a map of geohydrological zoning of the Kyrgyz Republic. Surface and underground waters of mountain geosystems of Tien-Shan and Pamir-Alai are closely and intricately interconnected. For the Tien-Shan basins, the article contains data on the magnitude of the loss of river flow for infiltration and groundwater feeding. The author considers features of formation, movement and unloading of underground water streams of artesian basins, as well as the factors of formation of infiltration losses from riverbeds and supply of groundwater flows. The article presents the analysis of the formation of infiltration losses from riverbeds and discharge of groundwater into rivers. The article also contains a description of the regularity of the confinement of sites with the highest specific losses of river flows to certain river fragments. For the basins of the rivers Chu and Naryn, there is data on the discharge of groundwater into rivers. The study of the features of the interaction of groundwater and surface water based on special hydrometric studies and balance studies has made it possible to identify the types of their interconnections and their connection with specific sections of river valleys of mountain geosystems. The results obtained will allow correct organizing of the formulation and conduct of further research.

34-42

Authors: M. T. Krupenin, S. V. Michurin, A. A. Sharipova, T. Ya. Gulyaeva, V. G. Petrishcheva

The authors conducted a detailed mineralogical-geochemical study (thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and ICP-MS) of the Magnesium-ferruginous metasomatites of the Avzyan ore region, represented by ferruginous magnesites of the Ismakaevo deposit and the brejnerites of the Bogryashka manifestation. Metasomatites are confined to the primarily limestone Minyak subsuite of the Suran Suite of the Lower Riphean. Iron magnesites contain up to 4% by weight of FeO, braunerites – up to 20.5% by weight of FeO, which the calculation method confirms according to diffractometry data. The authors established significant correlations between elements of the iron group and chalcophile elements, reflecting their increased concentrations in pyrite, widely represented in metasomatites. In addition, the authors noted a strong correlation of thorium with light lanthanides, which happens due to accessory impregnation of monazite. Correlation of carbonate metasomatites with their trace element composition appears in the interrelation of dolomite with strontium, yttrium and lanthanides of the middle-heavy group (Sm–Lu). The article shows three types of distribution of rare-earth elements: dolomite, magnesite and mixed, characterized by a different ratio of light, medium and heavy lanthanides, depending on the position in the metasomatic column. Weak positive values of cerium and europium anomalies in most of the examined groups of metasomatites to some extent confirm the highly reducing nature of the fluids. Geochemical data together with the analysis of the geological structure and development of the region make it possible to associate magnesian-ferruginous metasomatism in the carbonate rocks of the Suran Suite with the processes of remobilization of evaporite brines buried in the Lower Riphean deposits. Intensive interaction of brines with sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks in the tectonically active zone of the Mashak riftogenic graben resulted in their enrichment with various ligands, increase in basicity and more active hydrothermal redeposition in the metasomatic products of the lanthanides of the middle and heavy groups.

47-52

Authors: M. S. Patrakova

The author considers the problem of studying engineering-geological conditions, estimation of stability of rock massifs, forecast of development of engineering-geological processes on the example of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit. Optimization of the construction of mining enterprises and the process of mining of minerals requires a substantiated assessment of the engineering-geological conditions (EGC) of mineral deposits at the exploration stage: the separation of the main components of the EGC, the determination of the processing processes, the assessment of the scale of their impact, and the forecasting of mining operations in the development of the deposit. Among the main components that require assessment in engineering and geological studies are geological structure of the massif, structural-tectonic features and fracturing, composition and properties of rocks, development of exogenous geological processes, hydrogeological conditions. The analysis of the engineering-geological conditions of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit made it possible to identify the most significant components, such as the fracturing of rocks and their strength properties, so the author based the classification on the "classification of rocks by the degree of fracture" VSEGINGEO with some additions caused by the specificity of the object under study. The taxonomic unit for zonation was the engineering-geological sections, the basis of which is the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the degree of fracturing of rocks, the evaluation of the strength properties of rocks and their engineering-geological typification. In engineering-geological zoning, the author distinguished 4 categories in the rock massif with different degrees of stability: I – high stability; II – medium stability; III – low stability; IV – very low stability. The share of very stable breeds is from 44.46 to 61.58 %, stable – from 11.98 to 39.8 %. Breeds of low stability are less common – from 5.56 to 15.74 %. Unstable breeds are extremely rare and their share is 3.97 %. An objective assessment of all the components that make up the engineering-geological conditions of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit will make it possible to make the most correct and objective forecast.

57-62

Authors: V. I. Golik, V. I. Komashchenko, Yu. I. Razorenov, N. G. Valiev

Technologies for leaching metals from ores have a number of advantages over traditional technologies, the main ones of which are the possibility of sharp increase in the raw material base, minimization of damage to the environment and increase in the completeness of subsoil resources. The article contains analysis of the state of this problem according to the literature data, the results of experiments that the authors helped to conduct and the developed forecast for the development of the established concept. The authors formulated the global problem of wasteless and complex use of subsoil mineral resources. The authors indicate a promising direction of metal recovery by leaching them with reagents with a change of the phase state. The article presents systematized new data on the industrial and experimental development of technology options with leaching on uranium mines in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, as well as in the polymetallic mines of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The authors propose a suitability typification of technologies for leaching purposes. The fields of application of these results are deposits of non-ferrous, rare and noble relatively easily opened metals, and deposits of metal containing tailings of ore enrichment.

67-70

Authors: S. N. Kostarev, T. G. Sereda

The development of models for constructing automated control systems for electric drives of oil production mechanisms currently gains great attention for the purposes of improving the safety and productivity of oil production equipment. For transmission of telemetry system (TMS) data, industrial buses are common, for example, Fieldbus, what allowes solving the problems of frequency regulation by the electric drive, but complicates the general control system. In this paper, the authors consider using as TMS a borehole cable as a medium for data transmission. The authors have developed simulation models of digital signal transmission. To transmit the information signal, there are various models of modulation: amplitude, phase, frequency, etc. For improving the quality of information transfer, one should use filters, for example the Barker filter, the digital cosine filter, the moving average filter. The Barker filter has the best selectivity, but at the same time, the largest amount of service information. To solve the problem of increasing noise immunity of transmitted data and complicating the filter by the degree of interference, the authors proposed the modulation of the information signal using the operator ⊕ (XOR). The conducted experiments on the levels of modulation/noise showed satisfactory results. To solve the tasks of monitoring and controlling the electric drive of the drill, the authors proposed an industrial controller programmed according to the IEC61131-3 standard. The authors developed the relay-contact scheme (RCS) for monitoring the critical parameters of the drive, which affect the safety of the downhole electric motor when drilling wells. Simulation of the operation of the RCS using the operator panel was successful.

75-77

Authors: S. A. Timukhin, E. O. Churakov, A. O. Islent'ev

The authors consider mine sectional centrifugal pumps, in particular, features of the stress-strain state of the shafts of two-flow and single-flow pumps. Due to the development of mine sectional dual-flow pumps, there is a need for a comparative evaluation of the stress-strain state of the shafts. Such an assessment should precede the development and construction of a pump design of any series, since sufficient strength and stiffness of the shaft ensure a stable operation of the pump rotor, and consequently the entire pump unit as a whole. The article presents the stresses of three components: the stresses from bending, torsion and axial force. The authors separately consider the stresses from the axial force for two variants of the pump impellers being fit on the shaft. With loose fit, the stresses from the axial force are distributed evenly over the entire length of the shaft, and with interference fit tensions increase stepwise depending on the number of impellers. In double-flow pumps, the axial force will be half that in comparison with similar single-flow pumps. For interference fit, the nature of tension stresses differs significantly. The authors present equivalent shaft stresses of the pump types under consideration. The authors carried out a comparative evaluation of the equivalent stresses of single-flow and double-flow centrifugal section pumps on the example of CNS-300-600 and CNSD-600-300 pumps. Estimates show that equivalent stresses are lower in CNSD pumps than in CNS pumps, which indicates more favorable operating conditions for their shafts and that the design of dual-flow pumps is more perfect.

82-87

Authors: A. V. Zhabko

The work is devoted to establishing the regularities of plastic deformation of solids. The author proposes using the functions of surface fluidity and plastic potential, based on his earlier studies. The limiting surface for these functions is the surface of destruction of solids (rocks), described by well-known Coulomb law. In fact, the proposed function is the law of plastic deformation of solids. The author analytically proves that during the process of plastic deformation, a reversal of the structural elements of a solid occurs. These studies explain some of the inconsistencies one observes during rock testing for strength. The author substantiates the possibility of using the rotation of structural elements during plastic deformation for predicting and controlling fracture processes. The article contains energy variational principle of destruction of solids. Based on it, there is the laconic explanation of the appearance of ring structures near some mine workings - the phenomenon of zonal disintegration of rocks. The author proposes a dependence for calculating the scale factor of this phenomenon. The author substantiates the geometric proximity of the slip surface shape in the slopes to the circle arc. In deriving the equations, the author used the fundamental laws and principles of mechanics in a rigorous mathematical formulation of problems.

92-95

Authors: O. V. Kosolapov, L. V. Vlasova

The authors substantiate the relevance of studies on the assessment of the environmental hazard of facilities that have anthropogenic impact on the environment, including mining enterprises, negatively affecting all its constituent elements. The factors of influence along with the factors of perception and state determine the amount of economic damage, so there is a need to predict the level of environmental hazard. The authors propose a method for rapid assessment of environmental hazards, involving the theory of fuzzy sets, taking into account that in addition to the estimated factors that determine the nature of the environmental hazard of the facility, a much larger number of unaccountable factors influence its formation. The article contains a list of fundamental principles and an algorithm for implementing the proposed guidelines. According to the algorithm, one should successively perform the following operations: the choice of factors causing the environmental hazard of the facility, the substantiation of the classifier of the levels of evaluated factors, the recognition of factor levels based on the binary number system, determining the importance of factors, determining the weight of the identified subsets of factors, calculation of the integral indicator characterizing ecological hazard, construction of an environmental hazard classifier, according to which the obtained integral indicator corresponds to a certain level of environmental hazard. For example, according to the proposed step-by-step methodological recommendations, the authors determine the level of environmental hazard of JSC "Southern Mining Processing plant". The performed calculations make it possible to estimate it as average.

104-108

Authors: R. A. Dolzhenko

The author analyzes CDIO concept - a new integrated approach to engineering education, describes the history of its formation, presents interim results of its implementation in the national universities, as well as the directions for further use in the Russian Federation. The paper contains analysis of the dynamics of academic publications on the topic of CDIO in Russia and abroad, provides a list of foreign journals that highlightened this subject was the most, has the reviews of the most quoted scientific papers that reflect the content of CDIO initiative. The author describes the advantages of CDIO concept and the content of this approach to engineering education, which is spreading in foreign universities and appears in a number of Russian educational organizations. From the point of view of the creators of CDIO, this approach will help to educate such a future graduate of the university, who can come up with a new product or a new technical idea, carry out all the design work for its implementation, and introduce the result into production. The article also highlights a list of factors that hamper the development of CDIO in Russian pedagogical practice. The author proposes a set of recommendations and an algorithm for the introduction of this approach to the Russian university practice. In order to implement the CDIO in its practice, the university must first verify its activities for compliance with CDIO standards, which set out 12 directions for implementing this initiative and possible levels of their evaluation. The analysis showed that the formalized procedure for joining the CDIO association does not carry significant preferences for the educational organization, while CDIO open standards will improve its activities.

114-117

Authors: V. V. Filatov

120-123

Authors: D. A. Kleymenov, Yu. A. Polenov, V. V. Grigor'ev, V. I. Kaynov, L. I. Pozdnyakova