News of the Ural State Mining University

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Authors: V. Sh. Gurbanov, N. R. Narimanov, L. A. Sultanov, M. S. Babaev

The paper presents the results of comprehensive petrophysical studies of rock samples, Meso-Cenozoic sediments taken from drilled exploratory wells and geological material of areas of Dzharly-Saatli oil and gas region, with widespread productive strata deposits (PT-Lower Pliocene) that have defined reservoir properties. Authors conducted the studies in the atmospheric and thermodynamic conditions and carried out an analysis of the interpretation of reservoir properties of sedimentary and igneous rocks from the deep exploration wells of areas of Dzharly-Saatli petroleum district. The analysis and interpretation of geological, geophysical and petrophysical materials established that oil and gas bearing reservoirs are mainly related to fractured, by volcanic-sedimentary and carbonate rocks. These brief petrophysical rocks characteristics of the crust sections in Dzharly-Saatli oil and gas region show that all kinds of rocks are characterized by an identical composition, the same degree of metamorphism. Based on the tabulation authors has prepared petrophysical graph showing the change in porosity of the section. The graph shows that with depth, rock porosity decreases with the increase of density and velocity of propagation of ultrasonic waves. The study established dependencies between the physical parameters for individual rocks species, depending on the physical properties and material composition of the rock. Keywords: deposits sands, marine, paleogene, origin, formation, section.

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Authors: P. M. Anokhin, A. I. Afanas’ev, Yu. M. Kazakov, V. Ya. Potapov

Separation by the elasticity and friction is widely used in mining and construction industries. The simplest device for separating by friction is a shelf separator, which consists of the inclined shelf designed to disperse a particle to a speed that will be dependent from friction coefficient. Inclined shelf ends in the bottom with the curved ramp. Curved ramp can be made in an arc with a constant and a variable radius, and it can be considered as the second stage of the preparation of particles with different coefficients of friction for the separation. Authors established experimentally that the friction in this area varies depending on the location of the particle, i.e. radius. At different points of the concave trajectory, the normal pressure of a particle on a curved surface is different. Thus, setting the law of radius variation lets us to control descent speed of the particle from the curved ramp and, thus, the separation efficiency. Using Newton’s second law in the research allowed obtaining in polar coordinates differential equation of motion of the rock particles in the curved trampoline made in the form of a logarithmic spiral. The equation includes spiral parameters: polar radius, the angle between the path tangent and polar radius vector, and the friction coefficient. As a result of the integration of these equations authors obtained velocity of the particle during its descent from the curved ramp, as well as the direction of speed, which allows to determine the initial conditions of motion in free flight of the particle. According to the well-known separation speed of the particle from the curved ramp one can identify its horizontal and vertical components. Then, using the law of conservation of energy and the differential equations of motion of a particle in free flight, authors determined the distance of the particle falling on the horizontal plane, measured from the edge of ramp. The study shows the results of calculations on the model and the results of experiments on a physical model that demonstrates the adequacy of the mathematical model. A curved ramp with a variable radius of curvature provides a larger range of particle distribution that indicates as an increase in the efficiency of the separation process.

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Authors: Editor

В первом номере нынешнего года наш журнал впервые начал печатать статьи на английском языке, причем как в двуязычной версии (статья на русском и её перевод на английский), так и статьи на английском языке с аннотациями на русском. От редакции мы пояснили, что такова политика журнала и отныне мы будем и впредь пе- чатать подобные материалы. Такая позиция вызвала полемику среди читателей и постоянных авторов нашего издания, среди которых нашлись как сторонники, так и противники этой политики. Несмотря на то, что сейчас в России уже многие научные жур- налы не только печатают статьи на иностранных языках, но и порой полностью выходят на английском – с целью быть более доступными международному сообществу – отношение к этому явлению в нашей стране продолжает оставаться неоднозначным. Так, например, в марте 2010 года Юрий Сергеевич Осипов, будучи на тот момент президентом Российской академии наук, в интервью «Газете.Ру» выразил сожаление, что «английский язык стал господствующим в мире» и предложил иностранным коллегам «читать статьи на русском языке», а нашим ученым – поднимать отечественные журналы: «писать в них хорошие статьи, а не посылать их за границу». В ответ на это одно из самых авторитетных в мире науки изданий – журнал Nature – выпустил язвительную редакционную колонку о том, что такое мнение, высказанное не случайным человеком, а президентом РАН, «оказывает очень сильное влияние на российскую науку». И эта колонка Nature вызвала дебаты в среде российских ученых, мнения которых были зачастую диаметрально противоположны. Так что наша дискуссия отнюдь не нова. Как, впрочем, и дискуссия 2010 года, в чем легко убедиться, ознакомившись с мнением на этот счет первого ректора Уральского горного института (и редактора первого номера нашего журнала) Петра Петровича фон Веймарна, высказанное еще в 1920 году. Сегодня мы подхватываем эту дискуссию и готовы продолжать ее на нашем сайте – www.iuggu.ru. Мы прислушиваемся к Вашему мнению и стремимся становиться лучше.

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Authors: I. L. Shchekleina, A. V. Ugol’nikov

This study reflects the advantages and problems of using the radial active magnetic bearing (AMB). I also describes the existing calculation methods. The traditional method of calculation (developer Yu. N. Zhuravlev) includes a definition of the geometry of the bearing, the calculation of the winding and thermal bearing calculation. To determine the geometry of the radial bearing authors used the optimization approach: the maximum driving force is realized in a given volume by the bearing. The starting point in the procedure of optimization of the geometry is the induction in the gap. It depends on the magnetic properties of the steel used. Unlike electrical machines, magnetic saturation in AMB is not allowed since it causes loss of control. Then authors calculate the bearing winding. Radial bearing has four electromagnets, so its winding contains four circuits. The coils may be included in the circuit either sequentially or parallel. Obviously, a parallel circuit requires higher current but lower voltage. Remagnetization losses on the rotor will be less if the magnetomotive force (MMF) of two adjacent poles of adjacent magnets will have the same direction. Heat bearing calculation consists in determining the maximum temperature of the coil conductor and comparison with the allowable temperature for the used insulation class. The calculation bases on Ohm’s Law for steady heat flow. This method of calculation of the bearing has disadvantages; in result, you get the parameters at which the maximum driving force and the packet length may be more than is necessary. I. V. Zotov and V. G. Lisienko offered the methodology of calculating the bearing. It allows finding the minimum required length of the packet at the maximum electric current. Accordingly, the size and cost of the bearing reduce too. Analysis of the methods showed that it is necessary to improve the calculations in order to minimize the size and cost of the magnetic bearing. It is advisable to use these devices in the rotating parts of mining machines and complexes.

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Authors: L. V. Vlasova, O. V. Kosolapov, V. V. Morilov

This study considers the problem of improving the calculation of the economic damage caused by the consequences of the development of the natural potential of the area, at the expense of detailing of coefficient of decrease of the economic value of natural resources. The value of this ratio is influenced by two factors: the degree of environmental danger of impact object and the level of stability of landscapes in relation to human impact. According to the results of the expert survey authors have built a system of boundary refinement coefficients, and then, using the apparatus of piecewise linear interpolation, calculated polynomials for defining the intermediate values of the coefficient μ for given values of an influence level x and degree of stability y). The authors substantiate the ability to determine the extent of environmental hazard of the enterprise and the level of sustainability. They analyzed the existing methodic recommendations on the assessment of the considered parameters. One can find a list of 12 indicators to use in relation to mining companies conducting open cast mining. As part of the assessment of the stability of landscapes, study proposes the use of performance indicators, combined into four groups: atmospheric stability, stability of water resources, stability of soil and lithogenic bases, and biological stability. For each of the groups authors give indicators recommended for use in concrete conditions of the study area. Particular attention is paid to the biota, which is considered as a stabilizing factor. Availability of information on the degree of environmental exposures and landscape sustainability, perceiving this effect makes it possible to update the coefficient μ and increase the reliability of the value of economic damage.

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Authors: A. G. Shorin

К написанию этой статьи меня побудило высказывание нашего израильского коллеги Евгения Стамбульчика в предыдущей статье нашего журнала, который написал: «Имя Петра фон Веймарна было мне незнакомо (…). Поэтому первый естественный порыв был прочитать о нём в Википедии. В статьях на разных языках, в нисходящем по объему текста порядке, содержится: на немецком (большинство прижизненных переводов П. П. Веймарна на этот язык) – 15 предложений, на японском (язык страны, где он прожил последние годы) – 7, на английском (современный язык международного общения) – 2, на русском – 0 (ноль!). Понятна политика времен СССР по отношению к тем, кто эмигрировал. Грустно, что в современной России не нашлось людей, пожелавших восполнить отсутствие русской версии статьи о русском ученом (при наличии немецкой, японской и английской)… Хочется верить, что вскоре кто-нибудь, возможно сотрудник или студент УГГУ, напишет её». Мы решили немедленно восполнить этот пробел и написать статью для русской Википедии, которую и приводим здесь полностью. Будем благодарны за любые замечания, которые позволят улучшить этот текст. Замечания можно направлять либо на страницу Википедии, где опубликована эта статья (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Фон_Веймарн,_Пётр_Петрович), либо на адрес редакции журнала.

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Authors: A. N. Barmin, N. F. Fedorova, I. V. Bystrova

The subject of research are suprasalt deposits of the sedimentary cover of the southwestern part of the Caspian Depression. The main tectonic events of this region in the Alpine orogeny phase relate to the formation of salt structures in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks. Hence, salt tectonics determine the structure of salt and suprasalt structural complexes. Suprasalt structural complex consists of two structural floors. The lower of these (Upper-Eocene) fills interdome compensation basins, the upper (Miocene-Quaternary) is generally characterized by cloak shaped bedding. The main volume of interdome basins is filled with the Upper-Middle Jurassic deposits, which are leaning against relatively steep slopes of salt domes and flatten out to the centers of basins. Suprasalt complex is well studied in Astrakhan’ arch, where the depth of basins interdome reaches 3000 m. The marks on the base of the Upper Cretaceous carbonates therein range from minus 1200 to minus 2000 m. Above the salt domes in some places persist thin (up to 300–100 m) deposits of Permo-Triassic, Jurassic and lower Cretaceous. The base of the Lower Cretaceous of the salt domes rises to marks of minus 800–1000 m and carbonates of the Upper Cretaceous to minus 500–700 m. Caspian basin is one of the most important oil and gas regions, which has enormous potential resources of hydrocarbons. Influence of tectonic and paleotectonic factors on the formation of oil deposits and gas of Caspian depression took place under favorable combination of lithofacial, geochemical, hydrogeological, and thermobaric conditions that control oil and gas formation and oil and gas accumulation in sedimentary basins. The goal was to identify and trace the regional oil and gas complexes of the suprasalt section within the southwestern part of the Caspian Depression. Within this depression borders, there are the Upper-Triassic, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous oil and gas complexes, which are associated with the main productive horizons in the southwestern, southeastern and eastern parts of Caspian depression. The paper gives a full description of all the deposits and oil and gas producing complexes. In the Mesozoic complex of the studied region, authors trace the regional oil and gas complexes, various by the nature of saturation, characteristics of structure and the depths of their occurrence. Search for hydrocarbons in suprasalt complex of southwestern part of the Caspian Depression is currently very relevant. The deposits occur at affordable depths and have a wide variety of different types of oil and gas traps.

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Authors: A. V. Zhabko

This article is the third part of the published work on the creation of a unified theory of calculating the stability of slopes. There is no theory for arbitrary geological conditions. Existing individual calculation methods have significant drawbacks. Basically, methodology for calculating the stability of inhomogeneous and undermined slopes does not exist. As for the anisotropic slopes, nowadays there is only one method of calculation. This methodology is based on the fact that the break point of sliding surface satisfies the conditions of the ordinary and special marginal Coulomb balance. However, this technique has some significant drawbacks. The main drawback of said method is that when one determines the bend angle of sliding surface he has to neglect the influence of the stress state (principal stresses), and as a result, a certain bend angle does not depend on the angle of incidence of surface weakening. Methods of study of this work are variational, differential and integral calculus and the theory of stability of homogeneous slopes, which was published earlier. In the first part of the research author examines the general theory of determining of the bend angles of sliding surfaces in the transition from one lithological layer to another and a bend on the weakening surface. The research presents a calculation for anisotropic slope in the case where weakening surface entirely coincides with the sliding surface. In the second part of the research author solves specific examples on the stability of an inhomogeneous, anisotropic and undermined slopes and escribes in detail the procedure for solving of the problems. One can find a comprehensive mathematical apparatus for the implementation of these solutions. All solutions are given in strict mechanical and mathematical formulation.

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Authors: V. V. Yurak

Research is devoted to the problem of developing guidelines for the economic valuation of ecosystem services of natural potential of the region based on the concept of total economic value. We evaluate ecosystem services based on the classification of ecosystem services of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Provisioning services are the realization of service functions or natural resources. Author evaluated provisioning services according to the methodical recommendations on the economic valuation of natural resources. Economic evaluation of regulatory services took place in several stages: 1) analysis of land in the area; 2) allocation of land (related ecosystems), occupying the largest area in the region; 3) identification of the most important ecosystem services for each type of land based on the expert assessments; 4) economic assessment of ecosystem services (environmental resources) relating to the priority. Analysis of the land in this area involves the formation of structures with land allocation: agricultural land, land covered with trees and shrubs, building land, marsh lands, forest lands; land under water, roads and others. Highlighting the most important ecological services was performed by the results of the expert survey. Experts estimate the significance level of provided services in points. Supporting services are necessary for the existence of the ecosystems and its ecosystem services provision, so in order to avoid double counting supporting services are not the subject for economic assessment. Cultural services are the subject to assessment both by the formulas, and by carrying out surveys on the population’s willingness to pay for the preservation of the ecosystem and, as a consequence, of its spiritual and religious values. These guidelines are approved at Berezovsky District (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (KhMAD), Russia). The studies provide the basis for improved methods for assessing ecosystem services, their classification, as well as the rapid assessment of any of the analyzed region.

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Authors: Z. J. Afandiyeva, M. B. Osmanov

In 1966, “Gosha” gold mine hosted its first geological exploration works and six ore zones were found. In subsequent years, scientists carried out detailed exploration resulting in 17 known and studied zones. Since 2009, international mining company develops this deposit, and it proved that the areas 13 and 13a are mega-rich with gold ore mineralization. Implemented investigation of the development system confirmed that Gosha gold mine requires concrete development system that can fully meet natural and technical conditions of the deposit. We studied different development systems for the development of the deposit and gave their outcome in the article. Considering the main criterions and factors necessary for choosing development system, we propose the system “Wells with open face, breaking of ore by blast holes, from the top to bottom”. Strong and weak features, opportunities and dangers of the offered development system and the results of the SWOT analysis one can find in the article. In comparison with others, the proposed variant of the development system has the following properties: it allows saving initial economic losses, and it decreases volume of mining works (filling the developed gaps is not required). Our proposed options for development systems Goshinsky gold deposit fully meet the conditions of natural and technological fields and can be applied to other ore deposits of Azerbaijan and neighboring countries with similar mining and geological conditions.

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Authors: P. P. fon Weimarn

Первый номер («первый том») журнала «Известия Уральского горного института», вышедший под редакцией П. П. фон Веймарна, готовившийся в Екатеринбурге с 1917 г., и выпущенный лишь в марте 1920 г. во Владивостоке, был в издательском смысле очень необычным. Он издавался в двух вариантах: в первом варианте – все разделы, с I по IV, тиражом 1000 экз.; во втором – лишь III и IV разделы – тиражом 500 экз. Веймарн объяснил в предисловии, что именно III и IV разделы «особенно будут интересны студентам». По иронии судьбы лишь «студенческий» вариант этого номера сохранился до нашего времени: экземпляры таких журналов, хотя и стали библиографической редкостью, но всё же сохранились в библиотеках Владивостока (где издавался журнал) и Екатеринбурга (куда, скорее всего, привез его М. О. Клер – единственный из профессоров Уральского горного, который, уехав в эвакуацию во Владивосток, вернулся обратно в Екатеринбург). Таким образом и исследователи, и редакция нашего журнала располагают лишь его урезанным вариантом. Однако исследователю творчества П. П. фон Веймарна из Владивостока Н. В. Хисамутдиновой, удалось обнаружить в библиотеке Общества изучения Амурского края фрагмент I части журнала – статью П. П. фон Веймарна «Очерки по энергетике культуры». Мы не смогли пройти мимо этой уникальной находки и с удовольствием вновь публикуем эту статью. Немного о самих «Очерках». Как пишет автор в предисловии, идеи, изложенные в них, он впервые обнародовал ещё в 1914 г., однако из изложенного материала видно, что эти идеи развивались и дополнялись в тот период, когда он был ректором Уральского горного института, и вплоть до этой публикации. Менялась и концепция нумерации. Так, например, первый очерк (который имеется и здесь) вышел также в мае 1919 г. в первом номере студенческого журнала Уральского горного института «Молодая Русь», причём во втором номере был обещан очерк, «посвященный подробному изложению нормальной конструкции рационально поставленной школы», однако для журнала «Известия Уральского горного института» Веймарн предпочел отложить эту публикацию, поставив вторым приведённый здесь очерк о развитии естествознания. Также из предисловия ясно, что очерков было написано как минимум шесть, однако публикация так и остановилась на втором, т.к. это был единственный номер, который удалось выпустить Веймарну. Были ли когда-то опубликованы остальные очерки? Нам об этом пока ничего не известно. Можно лишь с очень большой долей уверенности предположить, что в России они точно не публиковались, т. к. уже в 1921 г. Веймарн эмигрировал в Японию и не возвращался на родину уже до самой смерти в 1935 г.