Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

269-284

Authors: Adi Santoso & Abdurachman

Currenty, raw and supporting materials for adhesives industry such as NaOH, NH OH and methanol are available 4 in the domestic market, while raw material such as phenol and resorcinol derived from petroleum are reduced significantly, then, the use of raw material from other natural resources, like tannins derived from the tree bark is potentially developed. This paper explores and characterizes adhesive raw materials from mahogany bark (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) as phenolic source and tapioca as a source of carbohydrates. This paper also studies the copolymerization reaction between mahogany tannin extract with formaldehyde, as well as their mixtures with tapioca for adhesive application and its gluing quality. Pieces of mahogany barks were cut into chips measuring of approximately 2 x 1 x 0.1 cm, then soaked in oan extractor containing of hot water (70-80C) with a ratio of bark chips : water = 1: 3. Extraction was undergone for three hours with continuous stirring before the mixture was cooled and filtered. The chip bark residue was repeatedly extracted using the same procedure for the second cycle. The obtained filtrates were then mixed with the first one and divided into two parts: crystallized in a water bath and the other part was used for adhesive manufacture. The results showeed that tannin extracted from the bark of mahogany was a dark reddish brown in colour similar with that of phenolic compounds with viscosity of 1.04 poise, specific gravity of 1.02 and the degree of acidity (pH) of 4.0. Extraction of mahogany bark yielded 8.10 % extract, with an average solid content of 2.01%, phenolic compounds level of 6,9%, and distribution of molecular weights ranging from 44-658. The optimum adhesive formulation of the extract mahogany bark was the mixture using of 0.25 mol of technical resorcinol with 15% tapioca, 1 mol technical formalin and 4% catalyst (NaOH 40%) of the total adhesive weight.

297-303

Authors: R. Esa Pangersa Gusti & Totok K. Waluyo

Cocoa butter has long been used as a base ingredient for lipstick. Illipe nut's fat is known to have similar characteristics to those of cocoa butter, thus expectedly, it could be used as an alternative substitute for cocoa butter in lipstik manufacturing. This paper studies the appropriate Illipe nut's fat formulation for lipstick manufacturing. Water-based (WB1, WB2, WB3, WB4) and oil-based (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) formulations with illipe nut fat content of 2, 3, 4 and 5% were tested. The illipe nut's fat was produced from Shorea pinanga collected from West Java. Physical properties (i.e hardness and melting point) and organoleptic test (texture, shine, polish ability, odor and color) were analyzed. The results showed that M3 formulation with 2% illipe nut's fat level had similar physical properties to those of commercial lipsticks. Furthermore, the organoleptic test revealed that M5 formulation with 3% fat level was the most preferred by respondents. To obtain lipsticks performance which meets the requirements in commercial lipsticks criteria and also satisfies the respondent's preference, a combination of M3 and M5 formulation is recommended.

335-348

Authors: Soenarno, Wesman Edom, Zakaria Basari, Dulsalam, Sona Suhartana, & Yuniawati

Forest harvest is the first activity to undertake in extracting logs from the forest site. The amount of wood wastes generated during logging operation can be used for measuring the value of exploitation factor (FE). The greater FE indicates more efficient of wood utilization. Indonesian government has so far decided the formal FE is 0.7. This value is no longer accurate for the current better forest management situation which adopting practices of reduced impact logging-RIL and or RIL-C. Considering from economic aspects, the FE value has a very important role, i.e. as multiplying factor in determining annual allocation of wood production (JPT) and as a basic parameter in predicting earn business provision of natural forest (PSDH). Ecological aspects may interprete that the bigger FE value will bring about reduction of forest damages. This paper examines the FE in Sub-Region of East Kalimantan. Results show that the proper FE value for the East Kalimantan Province is ranged between 0.77 – 0.89. The amount of FE value is more influenced by factor of feller skills than the management competence factor of IUPHHKHA.

359-371

Authors: Agus Malik Ibrahim, Irma Herawati Suparto, Tetty Kemala, & Gustan Pari

Cholesterol is a metabolite which contains sterol fat, which is important to support cell functions and generate vitamin D, cortisol and reproduction hormones. Higher cholesterol content known as hypercholesterolemia is a predisposing towards cardiovascular disease. Previous study reported that glucommanan and activated charcoal individually can lower cholesterol levels, however combination both of them for lowering the cholesterol level has not been studied intensively. This paper examines the ability of glucommannan derived from Amorphophallus flour and activated charcoal in reducing cholesterol level of Sprague Dawley rat. Firstly, glucommanan was isolated from Amorphophallus flour and activated charcoal was produced from teak sawdust and coconut fiber. Both component were formulated and characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), x-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. Thirty five adult male Sprague Dawley rat with body weight of 160 to 200 g were divided into seven treatment groups: high-fat diet (DTL) and glucommanan, DTL and teak's activated charcoal (TC), DTL and cocout fiber's activated charcoal (CC), DTL and glucommanan and CC (1:1), DTL and glucommanan and CC (2:1), DTL and glucommanan and CC (1:2) and DTL without treatment as control. Initial rat cholesterol level was measured and it was compared with those after five weeks. Results show that the greatest cholesterol reduction (37.4%) is recorded from rat with DTL and glucommanan and CC (1:1) and low density lipoprotein reduction by about 49.7% and triglyceride reduction by 18.3%.