Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

175-180

Authors: Raden Esa Pangersa Gusti Zulnely

Indonesian Illipe nuts or known as ‘Tengkawang’ is one of essential export commodities from the non-wood forest products group. Unfortunately such traded commodity is still in original shape or unprocessed fruits in dry condition, thereby imparting only small-added values. One way to enhance their traded values is by processing the fruits into so-called illipe nut's fat. Currently, the illipe nut’s process is through the extraction of the respective fruits (nuts) using organic solvents. Different kinds of organic solvent could presumably affect the qualities of the resulting-fat. This paper studies the illipe nut’s extraction using two solvents: benzene and hexane. The resulting fat was then examined for it's qualities, i.e. yield, physico-chemical properties and chemical component content analysis using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) pyrolysis. Results revealed that the hexane produces greator yield of storage time. The illipe nut's fat lower acid value, free fatic acid (FFA) content and lower iod number than those of benzene. Low acid value, FFA, and the iod number creates the fat which is more resistant against hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity, and longer storage time. GC-MS analysis indicated that the chemical components in the benzene-extracted illipe nut's fat was dominated by methyl-octadec-9- oneate, while those in hexane-extracted fat by methyl oleate (compound with saturated C-C bonds). Judging from the overall results, it seems the use of hexane is more prospective as solvent to extract the fat from illipe nuts than benzene.

181-191

Authors: Dian Anggraini Indrawan, Han Roliadi, Rossi Margareth Tampubolon, Gustan Pari, Adi Santoso, & Mohamad Iqbal

Laboratory-scale manufactured hardboard made of Saccharum Sponaneoun Grasses (SSG), Empty Oil-palm Bunches (EOPB), and andong bamboo is potentially developed. However, initial experiment shows the hardboard did not meet Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) and International Standard Organization (ISO) for hardboard. This paper observes modification of the hardboard to satisfy the standards. Modification includes adding alkali concentration during pulp cooking and changing the additives composition. Result shows modification can enhance the hardboard quality to satisfy JIS and ISO requirements. Fiber mixture of SSG pulp and andong/betung bamboo pulp was cooked in 10.5% alkali concentration; and 12% alkali concentration for EOPB pulp. Additives composition used were tannin-resorcinol- formaldehyde/TRF adhesive, alum, and activated charcoal; without wax emulsion. The mixture of SSG pulp (50%) + EOPB pulp (50%) was the most prospective for hardboard, followed by SSG pulp (100%) solely; SSG pulp (50%) + andong bamboo pulp (50%); and SSG pulp (50%) + betung bamboo pulp (50%) as the lowest prospects. The least- prospective fibrous material (betung bamboo) are expectedly be improved by using more TRF adhesive, nano-size activated charcoal and cross-linking agents.

225-235

Authors: Jasni

Thirty wood species originated from various regions in Indonesia were tested against powder-post beetle. Representative wood samples with the dimension of 7.5 cm x 5 cm x 2.5 cm were taken from each tree species and tested against powder- post beetle (Heterbostrychus aequalias Waterh)for six weeks. Observation was carried out on the tested specimens, and the observed parameters comprised of the weight loss percentage and the survival rate of powder-post beetles. Besides,subjective observation was also performed on regard to the degree of the attack. The obtained data (i.e. wood-weight loss,beetles' survival rate, and degree of attack were further classified into five categories based on the resistance characteristics. Based on wood-weight loss revealed that as nine of the 30 wood species were regarded as class I (29.99%), three species as class II (9.97%), eight species as class III (26.67%), six species as class IV (19.99%), and four species as class V (13.33%).Pertaining to beetles survival rate, five species were categorized as class I (16.67%), three species as class II(9.99%), 12 species as class III (39.99%), eight species class IV (28.67%), and two species as class V (6.67%). Further, with regard to the degree of beetle attack, five species belong to the criteria of severely attacked (16.67%), whereas consecutively 16 species were classified as moderately attacked (53.33%) and nine species as slightly attacked (30%).

247-252

Authors: Gunawan Pasaribu, Totok K.Waluyo & Gustan Pari

This paper presents to the resin content and the chemical composition in agarwood with several quality using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The agarwood qualities as tested were those super and kemedangan classes originated from Bangka, Papua and Assosiation of Indosnesia's Agarwood Exportry Enter prise (Asgarin).Results revealed the resin yield of super quality agarwood was higher than that of kemedangan-quality counterpart. Agarwood with high resin content was regarded a high (super) quality, and its chemical composition was predominantly chromone and gamma gurjunene. On the contrary, agarwood with low quality (kemedangan) chemicallyy comprised 2.5 furandione, 3-dodecenyl and agarospirol. Further super-quality agarwood chemically contained more sesquiterpene than kemedangan-quality. Sesquiter pene and chromone compound were indicatively responsible the fragrant arome revealed by agarwood. The quality of agarwood in the same quality class but originated from different regions revealed the resin content as well as chemical composition which was different from each other.

261-272

Authors: Christian Soolany, Armansyah H. Tambunan, & R Sudradjat

Production of biodiesel catalytically requires catalyst and stirring. Good stirring system will produce a homogeneous mixture between triglycerides and methanol. Good stirring can be generated with the use of static mixers. This paper studies the static mixing reactor with continuous system in production of biodiesel catalytically and optimizing the length of static mixer in order to obtain methyl ester level based on standard. The experiments were conducted with transesterification method using palm olein (RBDPO) and methanol with molar ratio 1:6, KOH catalyst of 0.5% and the reaction temperature of 65oC. Biodiesel production process used transien condition. Biodiesel production process with catalyst used two moduls of static mixer. The treatment was the length of the static mixer. The variations of the static mixer lenght were conducted by passing fluid one time through static mixer reactor after the temperature has been reached (A0 = 2 static mixer), passed two times through the static mixer reactor (A1 = 4 static mixers), passed three times through the static mixer reactor (A2 = 6 static mixers), and passed four times through the static mixer reactor (A3 = 8 static mixers). Results show that for each treatment had produced methyl ester content above the standard of 96.5% w/w. The determination of the best treatment was obtained based on the best value for parameters of methyl ester and total glycerol resulted was on the condition of 4 times passed in the static mixer reactor (A3 = 8 static mixers) which produced methyl ester content of 97.92% w / w, total glycerol of 0.85%, acid number of 0.31 mg KOH / g , saponification number of 202 mg KOH / g, the biodiesel yield of 98.26%, and reaction time 29 minute.