Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

243-252

Authors: Ary Widiyanto & Mohamad Siarudin

Asteromyrtus brasii,is one of the cajuput oil tree species in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua. However, theinformation on the chemical compound and physical properties (qualities) of cajuput oil produced from this species is, stilllimited.Thisresearchaimedtomeasurethechemicalcompoundandphysicalpropertiesof cajuputoildistilledfromthe leaves of trees which grow at the Wasur National Park.Chemical compound analysis is using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer method (GC-MS method).The analysis on the physical properties was applied to the cajuput oil distilled using steam method. The distillation lasted for 4-5 hours, and every interval of 30 minutes the distilled cajuput oil collected cumulatively and the total collected oil was examined for the yield and phsyco-chemical properties.Thequalitiesof theoverallcajuputoilfrom treeleavescouldn'tsatisfythestandard(SNI06-39542006) because of the specivic gravity is below 0.9 and optical rotation of 9.8. Analysis result with GC-MS show there are 29 peak, with 5 of the them has the higher intensity identified as 1,8 cineole (34,88% concentration),Trans-.Beta.Ionon-5,6-Epoxide (21,26%), Formamide (CAS) Methanamide (11,20%), Acetic acid (CAS) Ethylic acid (8,14%) andAlphapinene(4,39%).

263-270

Authors: Djarwanto & Sihati Suprapti

Five wood species from Dipterocarpaceae have been exposed to ten fungus strains, then were evaluated using SNI 7207:2014. The results shows that the most capable fungi to decay wood from the highest to the lowest are Schizophyllum Trametes Pycnoporus sanguineus Tyromyces palustris Phlebia brevispora , sp. HHBI-209, sp. HHBI-371,Dacryopinax spathularia, and (brown rot fungi). The highest weight loss was occured on,Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus,S.commune While the lowest weight loss was on.Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus Shorea hopeifolia L. lepideus Dipterocarpus.

283-296

Authors: Efrida Basri & Jamal Balfas

Previous research findings have shown that the fast grown teak (JCT) has lower physical, mechanical and durability performancesthanthoseof thetraditionalteak.Hence,aspecificeffortisrequiredtoincreasetheJCTquality.Thisresearch is aimed to improve the quality of JCT and rubber wood through impregnation of extracts and resin.This study used extracts from traditional teak wood sawdust dissolved in methanol solution. The teak extractive solutions were then impregnated into wood structure of JCT and rubber wood with various solution concentrations according to additional organic resin. The organic resins used in this study consist of shellac and damar, which were added at three weight concentration levels of 4, 6 and 8% of the extract volume. The results show that the impregnation of extractive solution into JCT and rubber wood increased dimentional stability of both woods with Anti Shrink Efficiency (ASE) value exceeds 50%, compared to the traditional teak. The addition of shellac and damar resin in the teak extractive solution significantly result in better dimensional stability of both treated woods proportionally in accordance to the resin concentration.

329-340

Authors: Sukadaryati, Gunawan Santosa, Gustan Pari Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat & Hardjanto

For the formulation of policystrategiesontheuse of environmentally friendlystimulant in the production of pineresin, thestudyof innovationstimulantisanecessity.Thisstudyaimedtoidentifytheuseof stimulantsmadefromastrongacid (inorganic),ETRATandwoodvinegaronpinetapping.Researchresultsrevealedthattheuseof stimulantscouldincrease resinfluxandextend.InorganicstimulantproducedresinmorethanETRATandwoodvinegarpercollectioninareawith elevation above 500 ASL and below 500 ASL. The use of inorganic stimulant, however, caused the change of wood colour that will be dark brown to reddish even that going into as far as to the pith of wood. Meanwhile, the use of organic stimulant doesn't cause the change of colour in wood significantly.Therefore the use of stimulants on tapping pine needs to consider the negative effects of trees's health, workers and the environment.The economic aspect that should be persued to achieve the financial target, is not the main factor only but the ecological and sosial aspects to achieve a yield sustainability and tree producingarerequared.

175-188

Authors: Sona Suhartana, Yuniawati & Dulsalam

Skidding, maintenanceandcanalestablismentactivitiesinpeatswampforestrequirecomprehensive planningactions since the forest has a critical land and difficult to reclamate when it is damaged seriously. It is required to determine an optimum felling area, considering technical, economical and ecological aspects. A study was carried out in June 2013 at concession area of Bina Silva Nusa (PT BSN) Company. This study aimed to find out the optimum felling area and the skidding productivity, as well as canal maintenance and establishment. Data were taken descriptively and purposively, which comprised of felling-plot areas (Y) and the costs (X) for skidding, maintenance, and canal establishment. Further, the obtained X-Y data couples were analyzed for possible quadratic regression models. This study resulted model of the optimumfellingarea:1. Y = 55.7 - 6.8X +0.21X ;or LnY= 55.7 -6.8LnX+0.21Ln X,which R = 0.1532** or R = 0.391 (R = 0.254), with the optimum felling area (Y ) of 22.21 ha and the minimum cost (X ) as much as Rp 612.644.033; 2. The average increase of skidding productivity and establishment/maintenance of the secondary canal, collector canal and tertiery canal were 1.37 m /hour (9.5%), 1.298 m/hour(5.3%),1.706m/hour(2.33%),and1.4m/hour(1.3%).

221-234

Authors: I.M. Sulastiningsih, Surdiding Ruhendi, Muh. Yusram Massijaya, Wayan Darmawan & Adi Santoso

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of layer orientation composition on the properties of bamboo compositelumber(BCL).BamboostripsforBCLfabricationwerepreparedfrommatureculms(±4yearsold)of andong bamboo ( ) collected from private gardens in West Java. The stripswerepre-treatedbysoakingitin7%boronsolutionfor2hours.Five-layerBCLsweremanufacturedwith4different compositions of layer orientation. The BCL was manufactured using water based polymer-isocyanate (WBPI) adhesive. Thegluespreadandcoldpressingtimeappliedwere250g/m and45minutes,respectively. Resultsshowedthattheaveragedensity,moisturecontent,thicknessswelling,andwidthexpansionof BCLwere0.79 g/cm ,12.60%,2.38%,and1.13%,respectively.NodelaminationoccurredinallsamplesusingWBPIadhesive,which indicating high bonding quality. The average bonding strength (dry test) of BCL was 70.4 kg/cm . The physical and mechanical properties of BCL were significantly affected by layer orientation composition. The mechanical properties of BCLdecreasedasthenumberof cross-layerincreasedintheBCLstructure.Onthecontrary,thepresentof cross-layerin BCLstructureincreaseddimensionalstabilityof the produced BCL.

93-102

Authors: Darma Santi & Lisna Efiyanti

Hydrocrackingof cashew-nutshellliquid (CNSL)intoenergy-affordingfractionshasbeeninvestigatedusingcatalyst of acid-acticated natural zeolite (ZAA), to which were further impregnated unimetal (NiO) and bimetal (NiOMoO) elements, thereby comprising two catalyst types (NiO/ZAA and NiOMoO/ZAA). This research aimed to examine how potential was the conversion of CNSL into energy-affording fractions, and to look into such metal imregnaton into ZAA catalyst on the performance of hydrocracking reaction. Catalyst characterization included determinig consecutively acidity using ammonia-base adsorption, and crystalinity using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Acid activation and metal impregnation increased the catalyst acidity and its crystalinity. The hydrocracking was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor employing the temperature 450C, the CNSL feed/catalyst ratio of 6, and flow rate of H at 20 ml/minute. The hydrocracking converted the CNSL into products that comprised the liquid-phase, gas-phase, and solid-phase (cokes) fractions,, which in all afforded energy, and the conversion of each fraction was examined. The liquid-phase product was further analyzed using gas chromatography (GC), which revealed that the GC's eluted liquid fraction were predominantly gasoline, diesel oil, and heavy oil. Each eluted fraction was further examined for its selectivity based on the elucidated GC area for each fraction over the total GC area for the overall liquid fractions. The hydrocracking performed optimally using NiOMoO/ZAA catalysts. Which converted as much 75.42% (the greatest) of the CNSL as the liquid product, with also the greatest in selectivity towards gasoline and diesel-oil fraction at 38.45% and 19.87%, respectively. The impregnation of metal element, particularly bimetal (NiOMoO) into ZAA catalyst indicatively enhanced the hydrocrackingperformance.

123-138

Authors: Lis Nurrani, Julianus Kinho & Supratman Tabba

Utilization of germplasms as medical sources presents a form of traditional wisdom adopted by a particular community which is identicalwithahereditarylegacy.Thispaperdealsdescriptivelywithethnobotanyaspectsof NorthSulawesicommunity(Minahasa, Mongondow and Sangihe tribes) in utilizing natural bioresources from several forest plant species as traditional cancer-curing treatment, which was further proved scientifically through the identification of active ingredients contents and their efficacious toxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Scrutiny results revealed that the local community in North Sulawesi province hasprevalentlyutilizedparticularportions(e.g.wood,bark,andleaves)of 14forestplantspeciesforcancercureandotherdesease.The herbal extract from the bark of lawang ( Bl) was identified containing alkaloids, while flavonoids was detected in the extract from consecutively lingkube ( Steud) leaves, yantan ( Dc) leaves, ketapang ( L) bark, manumpang ( Jacq) bark, tanduk rusa stems, kayu gimto ( sp) roots, rumput balsam ( ) roots, and cakar kucing ( L) roots. The leaves of luhu( L)andkuhung-kuhung( Dc)containingsteroidsandtannins.Asmanyas9outof 12n-butanolextractsaffordedtoxicityefficacyagainstlarvaeof LeachwhichwasconfirmedthroughtheLC value, i.e. bellow 1000 ppm. Further, the least LC value was achieved using the petroleum eter-extract kuhung-kuhung (crotalaria striata dc) leaves, i.e. 68,33 ppm, whereby that value approached the effectiveness standard for bioactive compounds to fight against thecancercell,whichwasbasedontheUnitedStatesNationalCancerInstitute.

1-11

Authors: Wesman Endom

Studies of timber extraction was carried out in steep areas by using the prototype Expo-2000 Generation II with engine of 13 HP. Cable line stretching of about 400 m with slope of about 50%. Logs of rasamala of 2-4 m length and diameter ranged of 20-40 cm were extracted to landing around a tower. The machine was placed on the hill located in the middle of two cable stretches.The first cable stretch was used for pulling logs upward and the second cable stretch for pulling downward. The cost for machine investment was about Rp 110 millions with operation costs of Rp 111.975 /hour. Logs extraction productivity is 0.59 m /hour, and the extraction cost was about Rp 189,788 per m . 3 3

21-26

Authors: Gunawan Pasaribu, Gusmailina, Sri Komarayati, Zulnely & Erik Dahlian

Dryobalanops aromatica is a woody plant that produces non timber forest product such oil and crystal. The chemical composition information is important for oil utilization and specific marker of the material. Traditionally, oil quality was grouped based on its colour. The whiter the colour, the better the quality. This paper examines the chemical content of four oil groups and two kinds of crystal. The examination was carried out in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The results show that the oil of 1 contains borneol up to 26.02%, Dryobalanops aromatica 2 contains 13.95%, 3 contains 24.03%, and 4 contains 1.09% in longiborneol form. Meanwhile, crystal 1 contains 92.70% of borneol and crystal 2 contains 90.73%. Borneol compound can act as chemical marker of . D. aromatica D. aromatica D. aromatica Dryobalanops aromatica

37-45

Authors: Djeni Hendra

Due to limitation of resources the availability offossil fuel is become decreasing, an alternative fuel is needed such as Blancoseed before of big potential as source for plantation, the composition of seed kernel hasa high level of oil (43.3%).Aleurites trisperma Biodiesel production process was done in the laboratory, its objective to establish the optimum condition. The addition of catalyst H PO (degumming process) of 0,5%, 0,75%, 1%. The esterification treatment use a methanol catalyst mixture of 10%, 15%, 20% with HCl and H SO of 0,5%, 0,75% and 1%. The transestrification treatment use a methanol catalyst mixture of 10%, 15% and 20% with KOH and NaOH of 0,2%, 0,4%, 0,6%. Optimum results will be 34 apllied to biodiesel production in large scale.In making Blanco biodiesel which meet the Indonesian National Standard quality (SNI),Aleurites trisperma chemical used were mixture of methanol 20% (v/v) and catalys NaOH 0.6% (w/v), where resulting in biodiesel with moisture content 0.05 %, acid number 0.76 mg KOH/g, free fatty acid content 0.38 %, density 865 kg/m , kineticviscocity at 40 C of 5.41 mm /s (cSt), base number 101.49 mg KOH/g, alcyl ester content 104.55% massa, iod number 109.73 g I /100 g, cetana number 59,08, and yield of biodiesel oil 79.92 %.24023

71-81

Authors: Lisna Efiyanti & Wega Trisunaryanti

This research aimed to look into the hydocracking potential of CNSL into fuel fraction with the aid of catalyst. The based materials of catalyst as used were Y-zeolite from Japan and Nickel metal (E-Merck). NiO/ZY catalyst was prepared with wet impregnation method using salt precursor Ni(NO ) .6H O into Y-zeolite as a supporting stuff.Catalyst characterization was determined by gravimetry method to examined acidity of catalyst with pyridine base as a adsorbate base and catalyst porosity using Surface Area Analyzer (NOVA-1000). Hydrocracking process was carried out in a fixed-bed system reactor using NiO/ZY catalyst at temperature of 400°C with H flow rate of 20mL/min, and the ratio of feed/catalyst equal to 4. The results product was analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC). Results showed that CNSL hydrocracking with NiO/ZY catalyst brought out liquid product as much as 80.03% in portion with selectivity on gasoline, diesel and heavy oil are 38,47%, 25,88% and 15, 74%, respectively.