Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

250-257

Authors: Mohammad Muslich & Sri Rulliaty

Fifty wood species collected from Indonesian forest regions were tested according to graveyard test standard and sea water exposure. Wood samples with dimensions of 60 x 5 x 5 em were prepared for graveyard test in Cikampek and 30 x 5 x 2.5 cm for sea water exposure in Rambut Island test area. The results show that in general wood species tested are susceptible to termite attack. Forty seven wood species out of 50 species tested (94%) were positively attacked by termites. Twenty eight species (56%) are classified into natural durability class V, 15 species (14%) are classified into natural durability class IV and 7 species are classified into natural durability class III. One species, Blumeodendron tundifolium was attacked not only by termite but also suffers by decaying fungi. Another 5 species: Erythrina fusca, Litsea roxburghii, Myristica subaculata, Stercularia oblongata and Trichodenia phillipinensis were also attacked by termites and fungus simultaneously. Sea water exposure test shows that almost all wood species tested were attacked by marine borers. Four wood species (8%) are moderately resistant and classified as natural durability class Ill, and 12 species (24%) are not resistant and classified as natural durability class IV, while 50 wood species (64%) are classified as perishable and classified as durability class V against marine borers. Only two wood species: Azadirachta indica and Parinari corymbosa are classified as durability class II. Marine borers attacked the wood samples include: Martesia striata (Pholadidae family), Teredo bartschi, Dicyathifer manni and Bankia ceba (Teredinidae family) .

271-282

Authors: Sihati Suprapti & Djarwanto

Ear mushroom is one of edible wood rotting fungi that has been already consumed by community. Mushroom's media was made of sengon (Falcataria mollucana (L.) Nielsen) sawdust with addition of 12 or 16% rice bran, 3.2% lime,0.4 % gypsum, urea or trisodiumphosphate 0.4% and water, then being composted for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Media samples were grouped into A and B, where sterilized media A were inoculated with brown ear mushrooms (Auricularia auriculae-judae HHBI-312, HHBI-326) and black ear mushrooms(Auricularia polytricha HHBI-318, HHBI-331), and those of media B were inoculated by black ear mushrooms (Auricularia polytricha HHBI-331). Biological Conversion Efficiency (BE) was calculated based on the ratio of the mushroom yield in fresh condition to the dry weight. Results indicated that the high yield of ear mushroom was obtained on composting media for 3 and 5 days periods. The average yield of Auricularia auriculae-judae HHBI-312, HHBI-326 on media A were 58.88 grams dan 60.51 grams ( EB 10.96% and 10.92%), and for Auricularia polytricha HHBI-318, HHBI-331) were 67.5 grams and 101 grams (EB 12.38% dan 18.56%), respectively. Urea addition on the media tend to increase the BE value of A. auricula-judae. However, it found that the yield and BE value of A. polytricha on media consist of urea were higher than that on media consist of trisodiumphosphate. The productivity of A. polytricha HHBI-331 on B-media added with 16% ricebran (102.06 g, BE 18.73%) revealed higher than that which added with 12% ricebran (79.94 g, BE17.59%). Therefore, A. auricula-judae HHBI-312 and A. polytricha HHBI-331 selected for further mushroom production.

306-315

Authors: Totok K. Waluyo & Gunawan Pasaribu

Dragon's blood is essentially a red-colored resin secreted by the fruits of rattan species. The dragon's blood originated from Indonesia which becomes widespread in international market is indigenous from Daemonorops spp. The dragon's blood has been popularly used as traditional medicines. To confirm such dragon's blood efficacy, an assesment was already conducted regarding the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and anticoagulant activity indicatively afforded by the dragon's blood resin produced by three rattan species, i.e. Daemonorops longipes Mart, Daemonorops draco BL, and Daemonorops melanochaetes BL. Phytochemical screening aimed to identify the kinds of chemical compounds inside the dragon's blood resin; antioxidant tests used DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl); and anticoagulation tests proceed in-vitro using rabbit blood.Results revealed that the dragon's blood from those three species, extracted using polar (methanol) and semi-polar (ethyl acetate) solvents, contained chemical compounds which are already renowed for medicinal efficacy and potent antioxidant, e.g. flavonoids, triterpenoids, and tannin. The greatest antioxidant potency was imparted by dragon's blood from Daemonorops longipes Mart, as indicated by its lowest IC50 value (71.89U+3,89 mgL ). The ethyl acetate dragon's blood extract, rather than promoting anticoagulat action on the rabbit-blood, in fact induced the blood coagulation, whereby the extract from Daemonorops longipes Mart performed the most effectively (shortest in coagulation time).

186-192

Authors: Djarwanto

Five wood species namely tangkalak (Litsea roxburghii Hassk.), cangkring (Erythrina fusca Lour.), kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell.), ki tanah (Zanthoxylen rhetsa D.C.), and huru leueur (Sterculia cordata Blume.), were evaluated based on their metal corrosion properties using jam-pot methods. Wood samples were extracted from two tree stands, divided radially into three groups, namely outer, middle and inner part of log. The results showed that iron corrosion was found in all wood species. The corrosion intensities were identified by the weight loss of the attached metal screws. Higher corrosion rates were found on samples of kayu putih. The highest weight loss of screw was found on kayu putih samples extracted from midle part (B part) of P-II tree, i.e. 2.76%. The lowest weight loss of screw was encountered on tangkalak wood samples extracted from inner part (C part) of P-II tree. The percentage of samples weight loss on tree-I was lower (0.55%) than that on tree-II i.e. 0.72%. Comparing those two sample groups, the weight loss of outer part (A) and inner part (C) were lower than that of the middle part of logs.

200-212

Authors: Sona Suhartana, Yuniawati & Dulsalam

As of this occasion, the management of timber harvesting at the peat-swamp plantation-forest in practice still has not yet reached the optimal tree felling plot area. Consequently, this necessitates exploring a representative model to determine meticulously such optimal plot area, thereby ensuring the forest management to proceed in a sustainable way. In relevant, the related study was carried out consecutively in May 2012 at the PT Wira Karya Sakti's concession area in Jambi; and in June 2012 at the PT Riau Andalan Pulp & Paper's concession area in Riau. For such, the necessary data were taken descriptively and pur posively, which comprised the felling-plot areas (X) and the costs (Y) for skidding, maintenance, and canal erection. Further, the obtained X-Y data couples were analyzed for possible quadratic regression models. Results revealed that in Jambi the X-Y model came-up in the regression equation as Y =254.82 - 10.98 X + 0.21 X2 (R2 =0.43**), with the optimum felling area (X) equal to 26.69 ha and the minimum cost for skidding, maintenance, and canal erection (Y) reaching 105.32 (in Rp 1,000,000,000). Correspondingly, in Riau, the X-Y appeared as Y=299.47 - 14.85 X + 0.26 X2 (R2 = 0.59**), with the optimum felling area (X) reaching 28.60 ha and the minimum cost (Y) as much as 87.14 (in Rp 1.000.000.000).

221-227

Authors: Sukadaryati & Dulsalam

The increased demand of pine resin both for domestic and overseas markets has necessitated efforts to enhance pine-sap production. The use of strong acid-based conventional stimulants has been long employed by Perum Perhutani, but questions arise regarding the environment effect as well as growth survival of the tapped pine trees. Consequently, the use of biostimulant deserves thorough consideration, since not only will assure friendly-environmental effects but also securing the sustainability of the pine trees. An experiment was conducted to look into the effect of using biostimulants on the production of sap (exudates) from the tapped pine trees. Three tapping techniques were employed, i.e. mujitech, boring and kedukul. The biostimulant consisted of three kinds (lengkuas, kencur, and red onion), each with three concentration levels (50%, 75%, and 100%). It turned out different tapping techniques seemed not affecting the pine-sap production, nor did the effect of biostimulant concentrations (50-100%). However, different kinds of biostimulants did so, whereby lengkuas afforded the sap-yield increase the highest (268%) compared to the control (without biostimulants), followed in order by kencur (206%) and red onion (180%). Use of the second and third caused no significant difference. Economically, the use of lengkuas biostimulant at 50% concetration was effective enough. Further attempts are neseccary to find other alternative biostimulants.

103-109

Authors: Saefudin,Sofnie Marusin & Chairu

Plants of Sterculiaceae have long been used as traditional medicines. Nine extracts of leaf; bark, and nuts of six Sterculiaceae species were evaluated for their antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activities tuere determined in vitro by free radical scavenging assqy using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylftydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Ascorbic acid was used as control. Among the 9 methanol extracts tested, 8 showed antiradical DPPH activities more than 50%, though still lower than the ascorbic acid. Material extracted from bark showed the highest activity, in which the extract of Pterospermum javanicum's bark produced the highest antioxidant activity (92.02%). Pftytochemical screening on three antioxidant compounds showed an association between the high antioxidant activities and the polyphenol compounds contained of theplant. Parts ofplants that contain medium to many po/yphenols, generallyhave antioxidant activity above 80%.

161-169

Authors: Gunawan Pasaribu, Jasni, Ratih Damayanti & Santiyo Wibowo

Gum benzoin (Styrax sp.) is a treeproducing resins that have high economic value originated from North Sumatra Province. The unproductive trees (less resin production) are harvested by the communiry for 'fireuood. Thispaper presents characteristics difference of two types of Kemenyan toba (Styrax sumatrana) and Kemenyan bulu (Styrax paralleloneurus) in anatomical, phisical and mechanical properties in order to use properly. The results showed that kemenyan toba wood and kemenyan bulu are unique anatomical properties. The qualiry of fiber as a raw materialfor pulp is categorized into first quality. Based on their spesific gravity, the wood uere clasified as medium heavy, with stabile shrinkage. Both uood are suitablefornon structural construction,furniture and handicreft.

190-199

Authors: Mody Lempang

Nipah( nypa fruticans Wurmb.)produces sap that can be obtained by tapping processfromfruit stem. Infresh condition of nipah sap taste sweet cause of including reiatively high of sugar. This liquid is afertile mediumfar thegrowth of microorganisms, so that nipah sap ispotentially used as a raw materialtoproduce nata. Nata is afood that classified in food dissert.Experimental of natafruticans production hold by fermentingprocess usedfresh nipah sap that add with sugar in leoel of 0, 50, 75 and 100 g/ f of nipah sap. By using.fresh nipah sap that add with sugar in vary leue!yielded nata fruticans withproducing recovery an average of 86.05% (76,52-90,97%). The addition of sugar in thefresh nipah sap is not effect signify cantly on theproducing recovery of natafruticans.Usingfr shnipah sap 1vithout sugar additionyielded natafruticans withproducing recovery an average of 83, 74%.

27-35

Authors: Mody Lempang, Muhammad Asdar & Sri Rulliaty

This paper examined the anatomical and p~sical properties of two wood speciesfrom West Sulawesi s natural forest, i.e. kambelu (Buxus ro!fie Vidal.) and kanduruan (Phoebe cuneata Blume). The results show that the mqjor anatomical structure of kambelu are reddish brown heartwood, pinkgrryish sapwood (2 - 3 cm in thickness), distinct growth rings, hard, intedockedfiber, moderate!Jfine texture and medium lustrous surface. While, kanduruan anatomical properties includes brown grryish heartwood, light brown sapwood with 5 - 7 cm thickness, moderate!Jfine and uneven texture, interlockedfiber and medium lustrous surfaces, slight/y slippery, hard, no specific woodpattern and odourless. Thefiber of both wood species are classified long while the cell 1vall thickness are medium. Both are classified as quality 1 classfor pulp andpaper. Kambelu and kanduruan wood densities are 0. 62 and 0. 63 respective!J and grouped into strength class of III-I. Shrinkage percentage of kambelu is less than kanduruan wood.

49-62

Authors: sri Komarayati, Gusmailina & Gustan Pari

Charcoal and wood vinegar exert significant role as carbon sourcesyielded from the carbonization process, and afford multi benefits in theirusefor enhancingplant growth and stimulating carbon nutrient absorption. In relevant, this scientijic narration presents results of trial tests emplqying charcoal and wood vinegar on the growth mediafor sprouts of sengon, jabon and agarwoodproducing plants, which lastedfor 6 months at the planting experiment site. This experiment aimed to scrutinize thegrowth responses of suchplant sprout species, and the examine the contents of carbon, nitrogen,phosphor, potassium in the soil and in plant biomass after being added with charcoal and wood vinegar. Charcoaladdition proceeded i?J' mixing it with soil even!J, while wood vinegar addition was done i?J' showering it on to the soil. Nurturing of plants took place i?J' sprqying wood vinegar on their stems, branches, twigs and leaves. Results revealed that the additions of charcoal and wood vinegar on the growth mediafor sengon sprouts increased as much as 12 7 - 208% in height and 109 - 129% in diameter of the corresponding sengon plants. Forjabon plants, the addition of charcoaland wood vinegar brought about in increase 117 - 14 2% as much in their height, and 166 - 12 8% in their diameter.Meanwhile,for eaglewoodproducingplants there appeared still no significantgrowth effect attributed i?J' such addition,since it seemingjy took considerable timefor them to adapt themselves. Further, the incorporation of charcoal and wood vinegar brought about an increase of carbon nutrient adsorption in the soil and biomass. Besides carbon (CJ, adsorption of N, P, and K nutrients also increased

75-91

Authors: Gusta Pari, 1Adi Santoso, Djeni Hendra,Buchari,Akhirudin Maddu 3>Mamat Rachmat,Muji Harsini,Teddi Herianto,& Saptadi Darmawan

Thescience advancement in this century is such that in thefuture it will enter the nano technology. More specificalfy in the forestproductsfield, the nano technology that can be developedis among others nano carbon derivedfrom lignocelulosic stuffs. In relevant, this research aims to provide information and technology on the charcoalprocessingfromlignocellulosic stuffs into nano carbon. The lignocellulosic stuffs used in this researchconsisted of teak wood and bamboo,further carbonized into charcoal at 400-500°C using drum kiln. The resulting charcoal was examined of its pbysica! and chemical properties, crystalinity degreeand dielectric characteristics, and then purified f!J re-carbonizing it at 800°C far 60 minutes. Prior to the purification, the charcoal sustained the doping(intercalation)process with Zn, Ni and Cu metals each respectivefy. After thepurification, the charcoal tuasground to very tiny particels usingHEM (high energy machine) devicefor48 hours. In this wqy, the charcoal with high crystalinity wasyielded, andfurthersinteredusing sparkplasma at 1,300° C into the nano carbon. The qualities and structure of all the resulting carbon (carbonized charcoal, re-carbonized charcoal; intercalated charcoal and sintered nano carbon) were evaluated using nano scale device (Py-GCMS, SEM-EDX and XRD), and examined as wel! of their dielectriccharacteristics. In turns out that the best quality charcoal was obtainedfrom teak wood charcoal carbonized at 800° C, intercalated with Ni atoms at the ratio 1:5.The resulting charcoal afforded high crystalinity (78.98%), low electricresistance (0.17Q), and highconductivity 175.52 O'm•' Qualities of the correspondingnano carbon (efter sintering)tuere such that its crystalinity spectaculary reached 81.87%,resistance (R) 0.01Q with very high conductivity 1067.260'm•' The nano carbon that resulted seemsfavorabfy prospectivefor bio-censor, bio-battery, and bio-electrode. According(yfuther related researchdeservescarryingout.