Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

243-253

Authors: Efrida Basri,T.A. Prayitno,& Gustan Pari

This stucfy examines wood properties as the indicator ef 1varu gunung wood quality based on age and axial directionand their implication on drying quality. Wood samples used in this stucfy collected from three ages, i.e. 8,12,and 16 years. The sample swere arranged in axial direction ef the tree stem, name/y, bottom, middle, and topportions. The basic properties ef the wood observed i.e. fiber length, specific gravity(SC),and iuood shrinkages for each axial portions were observed in radial direction from near pith,central and near bark.Fiber length measurements tuere undergone using procedure practiced at the Centerfar Research and Development on Torestry Engineering and Forest Products Processing Bogor. Specific gravity and shrinkage tuere determined in cordance with the modified ASTM D143-94, meamvhile drying properties and qualities 1 vere observed using the modified raz iva method.Results revealed that the fiber length and SC ef 1varugunung uere effected by tree ages, and position of the tree stem in both axial and radial directions. Considering basic properties and drying qualitie sef the series wood aging, it turned out that wood with tree age ef 16years could comp/y 1vith the requirement sfarfur niture material

261-268

Authors: Yeni Aprianis

Stump wastes of the failed tree Acacia crassicarpa are notyet used although they are available in large quantity. Converting the stump into actived charcoal mqybe one of the most possible uses of the treestump. This experiment investigatestheproperties of actived charcoal madefromAcacia crassicarpa treestump. The treestump u/as carbonized into charcoal, then activated l?J immersingin I-IPO solution 1vith concentration of 5% and 10% for 90 minutes. The treated charcoal iuas then heated in retort at various temperatures of 65(/C, 750'C and 850°C.The result showed thatgood quality of activated charcoaliuas obtained l?J using 10% HJP04 at temperature 750°C. Theyield of the activated charcoal at this condition tuas 57%, water content 0,49%, volatile matter 7,371Yo, ash content 4,22%, fixed carbon 88,41%, adsorptive capacity of iodine 1115,5 mg/g, adsorptive capacity of benzene 25,52%, adsorptive capacity of cioroform 41,29% and adsorptive capacity of formaldebyde 45,91%.These characteristics met the SN! requirements and the charcoal can be usedfor waterpurification.It can increase pH of n/aterfrom 5,63 to 6,9 and reduce metals Fe and Zn respective/yfrom 0, 6 00 and 0, 0 3 7 mg/L into 0, 4 24 and 0, 024 mg/L The structure of charcoal is more reguler after activation.

279-290

Authors: Zakaria Basari

The oijective of this researchis to stucfy the effectiveness of semi mechanical control of Acacia nilotica (L) Willd Ex. Del using tirfor in Baluran NationalPark in 2009.The results showed that the 75 trees u/ere trunked using tirfor but 15 tree maual!J. The averageproductivityofeach was 3,59 treesper hour and 0,5 treesper hour. Theaverages operational cost u/ere Rp 5,277 /trees and Rp 16,666/trees. The soil has been displacedwith an averagerate of 1%/ m2per trees and 6,252% / m2pertrees for semi mechanicand manual. Respective!J the volume of 1,5587 m1 has beenproducedfrom 75 A. nilotica fry using tirfor and 0,3 m3 from manual!J. All of wood produced has not been utilizedyet.

301-313

Authors: Totok K. Waluyo Wahyudi & G. Santosa

]elutonggum isgum !Jpifies exudatesthat resultfrom the tapping of Dyera trees.]elutonggumoffers various uses, such as raw material of gum, a mixture of automobile tire manufacture, rau/ materialfor making paints, adhesives and varnishes. The study was conducted to determine the method and direction of tapping on gum productionfrom Industrial Plantation Forest'sJelutongTrees (HT!). The tappingmethodsperformed are slicing 1vith ha!f spiralpattern fromtheupper leftto the louer right (1/2 S Kr Kn),slicing 1vith 'V" shape pattern, and slicing ivith ha!f spiralpatternfrom upper right to the lower left (1/2 S Kn Kr). The resultsrevealed that HTI of Private Compali is a type of s1vamp (Dyera polyphylla Miq. Steenis or Dyera lowii Hook. j). The tappingmethod that afforded the high gum production and more applicable n/as the so-called balf-spira! siicingfromthe upper left toiuard the lower right (1/2 S Kr-Kn). Theproperties of jelutonggum produced are asfollow:46.20% of moisture content, 0.04% of ash content, 0.24% of impurities,0.07% of nitrogencontent and 52.75% of resin.

199-207

Authors: I.M. Sulastiningsih & Adi Santoso

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of bamboo species, pressing time and pre-treatment of bamboo strips on the properties of laminated bamboo board (LBB). Bamboo strips for LBB fabrication were prepared from mature cu/ms (± 4 years old) of a11do11g bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) and mqyan bamboo (Gigantochloa rob us ta) collectedfrom private gardens in If/est Java. The strips.fro111each bamboo species tuere assigned into 3 groups by pre-treatment methods: toureated,cold soaking in 7% boron solution for 2 boars, and bleached with 15% by drogenperoxide solution.The LBB was manufacred using ureaformaydeble (UF)added with wheal'flour eqtta! to 10% o/ U F The cold pressing time applieduere 4 bosrs and 5 hours.The resultssboued that the average density, moisture content and thickness SI/le/ling ef laminated bamboo boards n/ere 0.76 g/ Cf!/, 9.70% and 3.97% respectivefy. No delananationoccurred in all .rcwples lfsi11g UF gllfe, 1vhich indicating high bonding q11alz!J. The average bonding strength (dry test) of laminated bamhoo board madefro111andong1vas hip,her (74.8 kg/ m/) than that cf mqpn bamboo (67.9 kg/ cm') Preservation and hleachi11g treatmen! o/ bamboo strips reduced the strength o/ LBB.Several properties of I ~BB mere not si,f!,nificantfy affected by;• bamboo species except the compressionstrength. Ingeneral tbree-lqyerthick laminated bamboo board either madefro111 andong or 111qya11 hamboo had strength val11e.r comparableto u/ood strength dew I,whereas tbose strips bleached with 15% hydrogenperoxide solntion had strength values similar to wood strenc~th class 11.Laminated bamboo board is suitablefor solid uood ssbstitate and peiforms as altemative matenalfor:f11mit11re, interior design and buliding materials.

218-227

Authors: Santiyo Wibowo

Smoke liquidcan be used as a food preseruatiue. One cf materia! used loproduce smoke liquid is nyamplung shell n/aste that is still unusedyet.Thepurpose ef this experiment nas to look at the effect efpyroly sistemperature and duration of pyrolysis tit11e tophysico chemicalproperties cf smoke liquid from.nyamlung shell Smoke liquidprocessing to be arranged at pirolysis temperature level of 200'C,300'C,400'C,500'C and time of processing 5 hours and 7 hours. The results sbotued that the highest quality ef smoke liquid obtained at condition of temperature 500'C and 5 hours i.e.yield 45,3% densiry 1,009 g/ ml,fenol value 3,9 5%, and acid value 9,4 7%.

236-243

Authors: Adi Santoso & Gustan Pari

formaidebybe emission andphysical.mechsmicsl properties of particleboard bonded with urea formaldebyde(UF)couldhave negative effects to human health,especially when used in a rom with limited ventilation. To reduceformaldeyde emission,anadsorbentcan be applied to r01JJ material as a mixture.This report describes the effect of active charcoal application onjormaldelydeemission and pflysical-mechanicalproperties of the bondedparticleboard Results sboued that application of active charcoal in particleboard production significant changed the product properties.Active charcoal addition as much as 20% of the particle weight to raw material could reduce formaldelly deemission andincreasepbysical-mecbanicalpropertiesof particleboard,andmeet the Indonesian and Japanese Standards.

94-99

Authors: Krisdianto

.Acetylation is an esterification process that aiming to replace f?ydro:>ryl groups 1vith acety/ groups in the uood.The existence of acety/ group is expected to redtae water adsorption and stabilize wood dimension consequent/y.This stutjy examined water adsorption on the tuo acetylated tropical uood species i.e.Antbocepbalus cbinensis and Calopf?yllum sp.Using isotherm method The results show that water adsorption in uood of Anthocepha/us is effective/y reduced even at the smallest 1veight percentage gain, while in Calophyll11m sp.it is effective/y reduced at 10% weight percentage gain.The tuateradsorption varies by the relative humidity and itforms sigmoid mode/from the loiuest (11 %) to the highest (97%) of humidity.

114-123

Authors: Sihati Suprapti, Erdy Santoso, Djarwanto & Maman Turjaman

Sterilized and unsterilized manginm bark which added with activators and compostedfor 30 dqys were used as a grollllh medium far mycorrhiZfllfimgi and Acacia mangium seedlings. Degradation rate of the bark 111as eoaluated based on the changing content of organiccarbon, total nitrogen,nutrient con/mt, and its cation exchange capacity (CbC).&suits sboued that activators added on the compostingproassof mangium bark reduced Cf N ratio to 21.90 in sterilized bark and 25.30 in the unsterilized, respective/y. The addition of activators tended to increase the nutrient content i.e.N 0.82-1.09%, P 0.22-0.36%,and K 0.36-1.12%,and increase the value of CEC into 31.3 to 32.7 me/100g. Mycon-hiZfllcolonization on medium means that composted mangimn bark can be used both as growth and 11rycorrhizal carriermedia. A highpercentageof vrycorrhizalcolony wasfound in the medium made of sterilized mangium bark added withactivators inoadatedwith Glomus sp.i.e.4 5%. Thegrowth rateof A. mangi um seedling on the medium made (o)stmlized mangium bark added 111ith activator tended to be higher than that of the unsterilized bark. The highest gro1vth iuasfound on mediem inoculated111ith Gigaspora sp., 1vhilethe largeststem diameter occurred on the medium inoculated 1vith Glomus sp.

135-143

Authors: M.Siarudin & Ary Widiyanto

Stutfy on pf?ysical properties of manglid (Manglieta glauca Bl.) tuood on axial and radial orientation has been conducted. Three manglid trees tuere taken as samplesfrom community forest in S odonghilir Village, S odonghilir Sub• district, TasikmalqyaRegenry, WestJava. The observation focused onpf?ysicalproperties on threepositions of both axial orientation (bottom, midle and top of trunk) and radial orientation (nearpith, middle and near bark). The parameters observed werefresh moisturecontent, air dry moisture content, and wood dimensional changes. Result sbotus that the average offresh moisture content of manglid wood is 168.77%, air dry moisture content is 14.63%, specific gravity on fresh volume is 0.35, specific gravity on air dry volume is 0.36 and specific gravity kiln dry volume is 0.38. Based on its dimensional changes, manglid wood has longitudinal shrinkage value of 1.51%, radial shrinkage value of 4.08%, tangential shrinkage value of 5.84%, and ratio of tangential and radial shrinkage of 1.54. Pf?ysical properties of manglid tuood on axial and radial orientation are variedfor freshmiosture content and specificgravity, 1vhile the air dry moisture content and the dimensional changes are not significant!J different. The trend offresh moisture content value on axial orientationis increasedfrom the bottom to the middle of the trunk, and then decreased ot the top of the trunk.On radial orientation, thefresh moisture content value consistent!Jdecreasesfrom thepith to towards the bark. Specific grqftty value on the axial orientation decreasesfrom the bottom of the trunk to the midle, then increases on the top.In radial orientation, the specificgravity value consistent!J increasesfrom thepith towards the bark.

151-160

Authors: Soenarno,Dulsalarn & Wesrnan Endorn

In timber harvesting, exploitation factor is implemented as the one parameters to determine the allocated annual production at the natural production forest. Currently, the value of exploitation factor as stipulated by the Ministry of Forestry that applies to all conditions of natural production forest exhibits large varying-topographies and in operation tends to be heavier than tose at either the fixed productionforest or convertible production forest. This situation brought about a significant difference in the exploitation factors (EF) during the timber harvesting. In average the value of EF at the Licensed Natural Forest Concessionary PT Kemakmuran Berkah Timber reached 0.92, while the EF at flat topograply (0-8') was 0.9 3; at moderately sloping (9-15'), rather steep (16-25'), and steep topographies (2640') were all similar, i.e. 0.92.

10-16

Authors: Mohamad Siarudin & Ary Widiyanto1

This research aims to examine the quality of manglid (Manglieta glauca Bi sawn boards through two sawing patterns, based on the defective shape andfiber separation.S amp/es of mang/id logs uere takenfrom communityforest in S odonghi/ir village,Tasikma/aya &genry, WestJava. A total of 3 5 sawn boardsfrom each of live sawingpattern and semi-quarter sawingpattern were taken as specimens. The research results show that type of shape defects occurred were twisting defect (55,91 %), curving defect(53,57 %) and arcing defect (41,35 %). In terms of the.fiber separation defects, a// of defect types occurred including dosed rupture (18,25 %), opened rupture (14, 13 %) and splitted (2,82 %). The arcing and twisting defects are signijicant/y different between the two saning patterns. The curving defect, dosed rupture, opened rupture,and splitting are re/ative!J similar between the two sawingpatterns. SarJJtl boardsfrom live saivingpattern have a lower arcing defect and percentage of fresh sapwood, but have a higher curving defect than thosefrom semi quarter sawingpattern. Based on those defective shape andfiber separation defects, sawn board extractedfrom live sawingpatterns shows better quality than those of semi quarter refering to the Indonesian National Standard.

27-39

Authors: Mody Lempang & Muhammad Asdar

This research was carried out to examine basic wood properties (anatomical structure, pbysica! and mechanical properties and machining aspect of three lesser-known species .from natural'forest in Sulawesi i.e. sama-sama (Pouteriafirma Baehni), palado (Aglaia sp.)and kumea batu (Manilkara merrilliana HJ.L ). Appropirate wood utulization was determined by considering their basicproperties and uses 1vhich the local!J community have current!J emplqyed.Results revealed thatsama-sama heartwood is dark brown to black with irregular black lines bands; ratherfine texture and glossysurface;rather hea1!J; moderate in dimensional shrinkage; strenghtclass IV IIL•goodgradefarmachinery;fiber grade is good far pulp/ paper manufacture;probable utilization arefar light construction material in house building and certain ship components, peeling veneer, glulam,pallet, pulp and paper.Pa/ado heartwood is light brown to grayish brown colour; straight grain; ratherfine texture;rather hea'!Y; moderate in dimensional shrinkage; strenght class IIL•good grade in machinery;fibergradeisgoodfar pulp/ paper manufacture;probableutilization arefar light construction material in house building and certain ship components, cheap furniture, moulding, glulam, peeling veneer, handicraft, pulp and paper.Kumea bat« heartwood is reddish brown colour; growth rings diffuse and sometimes appeared clear withfigures of decorativesurfaceasparallellines on radial section; grain straight,• texturefine and glossy surface; remarkab!J hea'!Y; high in dimensional shrinkage;strenght class II;very good grade in machinery; fiber gradeis poor for pulp/paper manufacture,probable utilization are for hea1!J construction material in house and ship building, vehicular(truck), boc/ypower linepoles,furniture,moulding, slicing veneer, tool handles, handicraft and charcoal

51-58

Authors: Dulsalem

A stucfy onproductivity and cost of logs extraction usingP 3 HH24 slgline .rystem tool was carried out in community forest of Sukarrga Village, Warungkiara Sub Regenry, Sukabumi Regenry in 2009. The objective is to find out information of productivity and cost of P3HH24 slgline .rystem toolfor logs extraction. Data on log volumeand working time of logs extraction as well as transportation costwere collected Thestucfy revealed that: 1.Logextractionproductivityranged.from 5.737 to8.331 n/ / ritwithanaverageof 7.067 mJ/ rit. 2.Average cost of log extraction was "Rp 9,244,-/m1 lower than theprevious cost (Rp 15,713,-/m)The increasing efficienry of the average extraction cost was 34%. 3.Log extraction usingP3HH24 slgline.rystem tool isfeasible based on pqy backperiod (1.3 years), netpresent value (Rp 154,734, 164,-), IRR(76.73%) and B/C ratio (1.62). 4. Average land exposure caused ry logextraction usingP3HH24 slgline .rystem toolwas4%. 5.Chain supporter and the endless cable drum need improvements to increase the efficienry of logs extraction using P3 HH24 sk:Jline .rystem tool, motoric chain supporting and endless cabledrum need improving.