Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

305-321

Authors: Han Roliad.i & Dian Anggraini

Small-scalepaperboard industries that use sludgein Indonesia currently facedifficultypromring otherfibrous materialsfor the sludgemixture (particularl)pulp and wastepaper). On the otherhand, unutiiizedempty oil-palmfmit bunches{EFB) are abundant wastesfrom palm-oilprocessing, and potential ligno-cellulosicfibers for such mixture in paperboardindustries. Forgreateruse ofpaperboard (e.g.fancy/ art purposes}, anotherabundantfiber sources(i.e. long•fibered banana stem)deserve also considerationforthe sludgemixture.In relevance, EFB and banana stems were experimental!Jpulped using semi-chemicalhot soda process. EFB pulping was done in a pressurized-kerosenestove-heateddigesterempk?Jing 10% alkali (NaOH)concentration,1:5.5 ratio of EFB chips to cooking liquor, maximum temperat11reat 12(/C keptfor 2 hours under 1.2-1.5 atmospheric pressure. Pulping of banana stems was cond11&ted in the same digesteremplr?Jing 4% and 6% alkali,1:7 ratio of banana-stemchipsto liquor, and maximum temperature1 O(!Cfor1.5hoursunder open (atmospheric)air.The resulting bananapulp with 4% alkali was more suitablefor the mixturewith EFB pulp and sludge (i.e. lower alkali consumption andgreaterkappa number)Fancypaperboard wasformedin a small scalepaperboardfactoryemplr?Jingthe mixtures of 35-50%EFB pulp, 35-50%paper-mill sludge, and 0-30% banana stemp11lp; and incorporating additives (i.e.5% kaolin filler, 2% alum• retentionagent, 4% tapioca binder, 2% rosin soap (size),and 5% coloringmatter). Pf?ysicaland strengthproperties of the resultingpaperboardfrom those mixturecompositions were better than thoseproducedfrom small-scalefactorythat used the mixture of 50% sludge and 50% wastepaper, without additives. Incorporating banana-stempulp up to 15% effordedfanrypaperboard that satisfiedthe commercialpaperboardstandard Also, it exhibited thepaperboard suiface with interestingpatterns. Thissuggests the prospective use of mane facturing fanry paper board from the mixture of EFB pulp,paper-millsludge,and banana-stempulp eitherup to 15% (if strength considered) orover (strengthunconsidered).

358-378

Authors: R.Sudradjat Endro Pawoko D.Hendra & D. Setiawan

Biodiesel is an ester alkyl that can be used for diesel as substitute for diesel engine. Biodiesel was made.from biofuel oil either vegetation or animal oil. Kesambi oil (Schleichera oleosa L) was strongly presumed can be used as raw material for biodiesel due to its fatry acid compositions are almost the same with other biofuel oils. Production process for biodiesel manufacture normally use estrans or esterification-transesterification process.This study examined the effect of some treatments on the characteristics of biodiesel qualty.The measured variable factors were : process stage, methanol concentration,and duration time of esterification process. Data analysis was accomplished through randomized complete design with factorial trial.The treatments of process stages were ET (Esterification-transesterification), EET (Esterification-esterification transesterification), ENT (Esteriftcation-netralizati-on transesterification) and BIN (Esterification transesterification-netralization)M.ethanolconcentrations were 15:1 and 20:1(ratioof methanol molar to oil used). Esterification times were 30 and 60 minutes. Qualilly analyses were consideredon the basis of acid number, moisture, yield,viscosily and densily. The results showed rangevalueof moisture content0.10- 0.82%,acid number 0.625 - 1.330 mgKOH/g oil, kinematic- viscosily 12.70 - 16.40 cSt, densi!J 0.906 - 0.920 g/ cm',biodieseyl ield after degumming 63.01 - 96.9 3%. The ENT procedureis concludedas the best method compared with the others.

394-405

Authors: Saptadi Darmawan, Gustan Pari & Adi Santoso

Charcoal with itsporous struaure enabks it to adsorbpollutants in gaseous or liquidphase, altho11ghit does not peifom1 as effictively as its correspondingactive char&0al Meanwhile,filediunl density.fiberboard (MDF) has beco111e one of the wood-basedpanels which develops rapidly.In relevant, this experimentdealt with charcoal addition duringMD F typefiberboard"1anufact11rebonded with ureaformaldel!Jde adhesive and shaped rmderdryprocess, and thefiber materials for theMDF were the mixture of mangiu,,,and mbbenvoodTMP (fhemro-MechanicalPulping)pulp at 3:1 proportion (w/w). Meanwhik,the fiber charcoal resulted from the carbonization of those mixed TMP pulp.Expectedly, the incorporation of charcoal could improve adsorption capacity of the res11ltingMDF. In this experi111e11t, the amounts of chama I as incorporatedi111pliedfrom the cof!lpositions of TMP fiber-charcoal mixture at consemtive!J 100:0, 90: 10, 80:20, and 70:30 based on oven dry weight. Observation was peifomud regarding MDF adsorption-capacities on benzene, chlorofor111, andfor111aldel!Jde (all ingaseous or vaporfomu). Results revealed that the greater the a11101mt of chamal added, thegreater also the adsorption capacity of MDF. Unfortunately,such has brought about the decrease in pllysical and mechanicalproperties of MDF Those MDF properties with TMPfiber-charcoal composition at 90:10 were similar to those of MDF control; and could satis.fl tbestandard of type-25]IS, exceptfor MOE (fype-15 ]IS) and internal bonding strength. Charcoal incorporation enabled the &0msponding to slow down the rate of the MDF fommldel!Jde emission.

415-426

Authors: Mappiratu & Ijirana

The aim of this research is toproduce virgin coconut oil (VCO) which has less water content andfree fatty acid, to obtain optimum condition of the VCO methauolysis, purification method ofgjycerol and extraction tuethod of medium from long chainjatty acid The result showed that theproduction of VCO met the criteria needed for methul ester prodnaion because of low water content and free fatty acid while laurate acid was high (52.86%).Agitation speed and time of reaction effected the production of methyI esters where optimum condition was obtained at 500 rpm and 50 minutes of time reaction.At this condition,the fractional mass offatty acid methyl esters reached 100% Using purificalion tuethod of extraction and neulralization could produce gjycerol of 98 %. purity Fractionation destilation able to produce 6 frattions: 3 fractions( Lll, and VI .fraction) contained methyl laurate which was lower than the original VCO and the other 3.fraclions (Ill, TV, V.fraction) contained methyl laueate higher than the original VCO (above 70 %). The VI fractioncontains medium and long chainfatty acid methyl estersup to 50%from totalfatry acid methyl ester.