International Journal of Biotechnology Applications

114-117

Authors: SARASWATHI K.J.T., CHANDRIKA R., VYSHALI P., KALIWAL B.B

An in vitro protocol has been developed for rapid multiplication of mature flowering plant of E. foetidum. The nodal and scape explants derived from 10-12 day old inflorescence explant were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplementing with different concentrations and combinations of BAP and Kinetin. Both the explant types produced direct adventitious shoots varying in their number. Each adventitious shoot possessed a rosette of leaves with apical or axillary inflorescence or both inflorescence with well-developed rooting system. The entire process of adventitious shoot formation and mature plantlet development occurred within 3-4 weeks of culture. The well-organized shoots were individually excised and potted in the soil. Up to 95% of the plants survived under field conditions.

91-96

Authors: MOHANTY M., PATRA H.K

Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6) induced several toxicological changes in the developing rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings as showed from present in vitro hydroponic study. Growth parameters, physiological and biochemical alterations in rice were studied in response to the application of toxic concentration of Cr+6 with addition of chelating agents. Rice seedlings growing in nutrient solutions supplemented with Cr+6 (100μM) showed noticeable decrease in root and shoot length, fresh and dry matter; whereas addition of chelating agents like EDTA, DTPA and EDDHA with Cr+6 at 10 μM stimulates the growth. Chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis was also declined with the treatment of Cr+6 (100μM), but application of Cr+6-EDTA (10μM) amplified the pigment biosynthesis. Rice seedlings treated with Cr+6(100μM) showed increased proline content and high Cr accumulation in root whereas treatments of Cr+6-DTPA (10μM) enhanced the shoot Cr bioaccumulation as compared to other treatments. Supplementation of Cr+6-EDTA (10μM) showed increased phytoextraction of Cr in roots of rice seedlings. Transportation index (Ti) of seedlings grown in Cr+6 (10μM) and Cr+6- DTPA (10μM) was found more in comparison to others. The variations in the total accumulation rate (TAR) of Cr of different seedlings were negligible.

102-105

Authors: SWAPNA VADLAMANI, SREENIVASA RAO PARCHA

In the present study, 50 microbial strains were isolated from the soil samples from different regions of Andhra Pradesh. Among the isolates hyper producing strain namely, Bacillus Clausii was selected for alkaline protease production. The protease production efficiency of the organisms was measured with different environmental and nutritional parameters. The optimum fermentation conditions of production were temperature 40°C, pH 8 and time 32H. Fructose, peptone and Copper sulphate as good nutritional sources for producing higher yields of the enzyme.

110-113

Authors: SRIVANI K., PYDI SETTY Y

The work involves an experimental study on the effect of initial yeast extract concentration on microbial production of xylitol from xylose using Candida Parapsilosis NCIM-3323 and the optimum values have been established. The initial yeast extract concentration was varied in the range of 3-8 g/l at a temperature of 30 oC, pH of 3.5 and initial xylose concentration of 60 g/l. It is observed that maximum production of xylitol is obtained for an initial yeast extract concentration of 4 g/l. It is seen that maximum xylitol concentration of 17.96 g/l, maximum xylitol yield of 0.299 g/g, maximum xylitol volumetric productivity of 0.748 g/g.h and maximum specific productivity of 0.0125 g/g.h were obtained for an initial extract concentration of 4 g/l.

55-71

Authors: MAHIMA DUBEY, RAKESH MENNA, GIRISH CHANDEL

Genes in the YSL gene family encode for the metal transporter in plants. In this study, a comprehensive and comparative computational analysis of identified 18 and 8 YSL family genes in rice and Arabidopsis respectively have been carried out presenting a complete overview on gene structures, phylogeny, conserved motifs their distribution and relatedness, intron/ exon distribution and expression. The analysis in all indicated that YSL genes are relatively conserved gene family showing similarity on the basis of evolution and indicates their common ancestral origin. The multi-sequence alignment showed primary and secondary level of conservation at sequence level of YSLs in both rice Arabidopsis. YSL gene intron/ exon structure and domains were also found to be conserved during the evolution. Characterization of YSLs by sequence tag based methods of expression profiling viz ESTs and MPPS signatures showed a total of 833 ESTs and 382 MPSS tags co-localizing with the OsYSLs and 269 ESTs and 219 MPSS tags with AtYSLs. The expression pattern further analyzed digitally, by in silico microarrays in 22 tissues libraries, 8 stages of development and under different stimuli revealed assorted and preferential patterns of expression and provide an evidence for spatiotemporal regulation of these genes throughout plant development. OsYSL6 gene of rice showed very high as well as tissue specific expression under iron and phosphorous interaction by digital microarrays which were equally supported by ESTs and MPSS abundance. Similarly in Arabidopsis AtYSL1, 3 and 6 showed prominent expression in senescent leaves indicating their role in remobilization of metals.

80-88

Authors: MARCIN SKOWRONEK, JAN FIEDUREK, MARIUSZ TRYTEK

A system for the production of extracellular inulinase with the use of Aspergillus niger 20 Osm mycelium immobilized on several polyurethane foam disks in a 2-liter bioreactor was developed. Because the application of the disks reduced the efficiency of the conventional aeration system initially employed in the study and caused difficulties in maintaining sufficient concentrations of dissolved oxygen, an alternative culture oxygenation method based on O2 generation by decomposition of sequential doses of hydrogen peroxide introduced into a bioreactor medium was used. The application of the alternative oxygenation system during repeated batch culture made it possible to maintain adequate concentrations of dissolved oxygen (50 – 99%) and a proper level of inulinase biosynthesis for a long time (up to 22 days). In the optimized conditions, the immobilized mycelium produced 86 321 units of inulinase activity during a 7-cycle process.

41-47

Authors: MOHIT S. MISHRA, CHANDRASHEKHAR B., TANUSHREE CHATTERJEE, KANWAL SINGH

This work deals with the bioconversion of cellulose from press cakes of Jatropha oilseeds, which is a byproduct from a biodiesel plant, into ethanol by using the methods of acid pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The process includes the pretreatment method of the finely ground cellulosic solid oilseed cake with dilute sulphuric acid and heating the mixture at a high temperature to break the crystalline structure of the lignocellulose to facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulosic component by dilute acids. The hydrolysis of the cellulose content into sugars is done by dilute acid hydrolysis that involves incubation period at a high temperature for 72 hours. Finally, the fermentation of the hydrolyzed waste is done using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under proper incubation conditions to produce ethanol. About 80 % ethanol was recovered as a result of the process.

52-54

Authors: PATIL C.S., SURYAKANT BIRAJDAR, SHINDE RAMESH, VISHWANATH CHIMKOD

Pongamia pinnata (Family Fabaceae) popularly known as Karanja in hindi, Indian been in English. The Pongamia pinnata seeds oil was extracted through sohxlet and its components were identified through gas chromatography; physicochemical analysis of oil indicates the acid value (2.3 ), Iodine value (113), Saponification value (186), Viscosity (40.27 ), fatty acid composition was estimated through GC and it shows the presence Stearic acid, Palmitic acid, Arachidic acid, oleic acid and Linoleic acid respectively.