European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology

3-11

Authors: Ahmed H. Al-Humairi, Oleg V. Ostrovskiy, Ekaterina V. Zykova, Dmitriy L. Speransky, Vladimir V. Udut, Mikhail A. Buldakov

This study aimed to show the possibility of regulating the metabolic capabilities of cancer cells in vitro by changing the medium composition, using the MSF-7 breast cancer cell line as an example. The relevance of the work is due to the solid necessity for constantly improve cell lines for testing new antitumor drugs and obtaining new information about the chemistry of cancer. The assessment of glucose oxidation type by measuring the production of lactate and polarographic determination of oxygen consumption under normal conditions and the influence of Oligomycin A, 2,4 Dinitrophenol, or Rotenone action were basic methods of this study. An excess of glucose or removing glutamine was created as medium composition changes. A culture of Vero non-tumor cells was applied as a comparative model. As a result, the lactate production by MCF-7 tumor cell culture is significantly higher than the same by Vero culture, which is consistent with the Warburg effect. Excess glucose led to decreased lactate production in MCF-7 culture by almost 10 %, but it was not observed for Vero culture. The glutamine decrease in the culture medium does not significantly affect the change in lactate production for both Vero cells and MCF-7 cells. In the culture of tumor cells, excess glucose and lack of glutamine during daily incubation did not statistically affect respiration, while these changes were accompanied by a decrease in oxygen consumption by cells by 10 % and 15 %, respectively, in the culture of Vero cells. The obtained data can be used to control the cultivation system and verify metabolic changes due to testing new antitumor agents in vitro.

26-30

Authors: Elena N. Nesmeyanova, Galina A. Sroslova, Margarita V. Postnova, Nikita V. Panin, Yuliya A. Zimina

One of the current issues of medicine and pharmacology is investigating the factors that induce cerebral ischemia. In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the role of ion homeostasis in this disease. However, most previous studies have mainly focused on individual ion channel genes that are responsible for cerebral ischemia development, especially, under adverse conditions. Very little is known about how many ion channel genes are involved in the disease development or its prevention, or whether the changes in different ischemia brain conditions may differ. The most important of these factors is extracellular acidosis. ASIC receptors (voltage-independent proton-gated cation channels) are able to detect physiological changes associated with acid concentration increase. A number of authors consider ASICs to be the most promising target to prevent neuronal injury after ischemic stroke. ASIC activation has an impact on pain sensation, ischemic neuronal injury, neuronal degeneration and mechanosensation that allows ASICs to become potential therapeutic targets for manipulating pain sensations and neurological disorders. In addition to screening for new ASIC1a inhibitors, known ASIC inhibitors can undergo structural modification in order to develop new strong and highly specific inhibitors. Inhibitors of small molecules targeting ASICs may serve as promising therapeutic agents for stroke treatment as well as for psychological adjustment. The paper describes mechanisms of ASIC receptors’ activation, localization, and role in physiological processes. A model of ischemic stroke in rats has also been observed.

37-49

Authors: Swayambhik Mukherjee, Sanchari Das, Shweta Kumari Rowlo, Advaith Pk

Cell Regeneration is the key phenomenon liable for the smooth and healthy functioning of our body as it is responsible for replacing the damaged or aged cells. The research focusses on the factors and possible accelerators responsible for cell regeneration, both Natural and Synthetic. In this regard, we have studied the process of cell regeneration closely in individual organs like the bones, heart, skin, eyes, and liver. Our main research question revolves around the reasons that influence the resurgence of cells and also elements that fasten the process. The research highlights various biological events including involvement of growth factors and scientifically implemented techniques like biomodelled chemical substitutes and 3Dbioprinting that have been interpreted to be linked with the renewal of cells in our research. The research efforts carried out in this article aims to further facilitate the Research and Development (R&D) initiatives of Jozbiz Technologies Pvt Ltd.

3-13

Authors: Abdelkhalk Aboulouard, Ali Barhoumi, Abdellah Zeroual, Abdessamad Tounsi, Mohammed El idrissi

In this work, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, nonlinear optical and the thermodynamic properties of six organic π-conjugated compounds based on imidazolinone have been analyzed by employing density functional theory (DFT) level employing B3LYB/6-31G (d, p) basis set. NBO analysis reveals that the intra-intermolecular charge transfer occurs within the molecules leading to the stabilization. The predicted nonlinear optical (NLO) properties like; polarizability and first hyperpolarizabiliy support showed that the six organic π-conjugated studied imidazolone derivatives compounds could attract the interests for future investigation. The LUMO energy is increasingly concentrated around the nitrogen group of the chain by the acceptor groups with the increase of their mesomeric attractor effect in the following order – P6 < P1 < P4 < P5 < P3 < P2-. This explains the decrease in gap energy ΔE(P2) > ΔE (P3)> ΔE (P5) > ΔE (P4) > ΔE(P1)> ΔE(P6).

24-34

Authors: Ignat Ignatov

The studies were performed of the composition of water, its temperature, pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value in experiments with modelling of primary hydrosphere and possible conditions for origin of first organic forms of life in hot mineral water in hydrothermal springs and open ponds. Experiments with hot mineral and seawater from Bulgaria by IR-spectroscopy with DNES-method and Thermo Nicolet Avatar 360 Fourier-transform IR were conducted. Cactus juice of Echinopsis pachanoi and Jellyfish Aurelia aurita from Black Sea were used as model systems. The reactions of condensation and dehydration in alkaline aqueous solutions with рН = 9–11, resulting in synthesis of larger organic molecules as polymers and short polipeptides from separate molecules, were considered and scrutinized. It was shown that hot alkaline mineral water with temperature from +65 0C to +95 0C and pH value from 8.5 to 10 and ORP with negative value is more suitable for the origination of life and living matter than other analyzed water samples. The pH value of seawater on the contrary is limited to the range of 7,5 to 8,4 units. The research was connected with estimation of the common local extremums in hot mineral and sea water, cactus juice and jellyfish.

42-51

Authors: Yuliya A. Zimina, Margarita V. Postnova, Kais S. Abbas, Kasym S. Abbas, Galina S. Ivanova, Valery V. Novochadov

Ethanol is a valuable product and raw material for various industries, it is widely used as a solvent, fuel, and antiseptic substance. Biotechnology for the production of ethyl alcohol using the microbiological method is rapidly becoming an integral component of global production, as these processes become more efficient and cost-effective. In this regard, an urgent and practically significant direction of research is the development of new technologies and improvement of existing ones to product ethanol based on renewable raw materials. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize the current scientific information in this area. This review examines modern molecular biotechnologies for producing ethanol from various types of renewable raw materials of plant and animal origin. Particular attention we paid to technologies that use waste products from the processing industry, as milk whey, which is a good substrate for ethanol production by the microbiological method. Technologies with the use of various types of microorganisms are considered.

49-62

Authors: Ahmad H. Al-Humairi

This review aims to systematize current achievements in the use of nanotechnology for the detection, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gastrointestinal (GI) malignant tumors. Information about the use of nanovesicles isolated from the body (exosomes) and synthesized (liposomes) for targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents to cancer cells for this purpose is presented. A separate section of the review deals with revealing the laws of transport and interaction of nanoparticles with tumor cells to diagnose and treat GI malignant tumors. Here we present modern research to determine the effectiveness of micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and particles containing perfluorocarbon. The problems and achievements in the use of nanoparticles for targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs to cancer cells using ultrasound are considered. The authors conclude the review with a list of the most promising areas of development in this field of molecular medicine and biotechnology, including combinations of direct cytotoxic action, immunomodulation, impact on tumor vessels (1), and combination of diagnostic component with facilitating the detection of tumor cells well-known as teranostics.

73-85

Authors: Maha Mobark Gomaa

Novel simple cyanine dyes, carbocyanine dyes and dicarbocyanine dyes derived from the nucleus 6-amino-3-methyl-1,2 diaza 4,13 dihydronaphthacene 5, 7, 12 trione (2) were prepared. The electronic visible absorption spectra of all the novel synthesized cyanine dyes were investigated in 95 % ethanol to evaluate their photosensitization characters and uses these dyes as photographic sensitizers in industry. The antimicrobial activity evaluation of mono, tri and pentamethine cyanine dyes against some bacterial and fungi strains( Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aures, Aspergillus lavus and Candida albicans) was tested. The antimicrobial activity of the dyes usually increases when they give higher inhibition zone diameter against the tested bacterial and fungi strains. The dyeing process and fastness properities of the new synthesized cyanine dyes were examined on polyester fabric. Polyester is the hydrophobic fibres and usually dyed with cyanine dyes due to their high tinctorial strength and good fastness properties. The structural characterization of dyes carried out by elemental analysis, visible, mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR and IR spectra.

91-99

Authors: Z. Jalil, M. El idrissi, A. Barhoumi, A. Zeroual, M. Mbarki, A. Tounsi

Cyclopropanes are molecules of great importance since they are present in several biologically active molecules in addition to being powerful intermediates in the synthesis of complex molecules. During this work, we have étudiéla régio-selectivity of the reactions of cycloaddition [1+2] of the carbènes and ß-himachalènepar the method D.F.T at the level of the base(basis) 6-31 (d), one using a new descriptor of the régio-selectivity it is the function(office) of Parr, we notice according to this study that the attack of a mole of carbènes is preferentially made at the level of the connection C6=C7 of ß-himachalène of in both possibilities of carbènes (nucléophile or électrophile). We also notice that the interaction enters orbital borders of reactives (ß-himachalène-carbènes) is made in a facial way, we also notice that the differences of électrophile Δω (Between carbènes: { CH(CH3), :CCl(Ph), :CH(Ph), :CCl(CH3), :CHF, :CF(Ph), :CF(Cl), :CF2, :C(Ph)2, :CH2, :CHCl, :CCl2, et :C(Br)2} and β-himachalene)varies from 0.162 eV to 3.408 eV; This shows that all reactions studied have a polar character, unlike reactions using alkoxycarbenes and silane-carbene {:ccl(OCH3), CF(OCH3), :C(OCH3)2, :C(OH)2 and:CH(SiH3). } have a non-polar character because Δω is less than 1 (Δω<1).

109-121

Authors: H. A. Shindy

In this paper review different methods in the synthesis of polyheterocyclic cyanine dyes have been reviewed. In this paper review detailed synthesis steps for the synthesis of some polyheterocyclic cyanine dyes were represented via equations. The synthesis covers polyheterocyclic monomethine cyanine dyes (simple cyanine dyes), dimethine cyanine dyes, trimethine cyanine dyes (carbocyanine dyes), tetramethine cyanine dyes, pentamethine cyanine dyes (dicarbocyanine dyes), aza-methine cyanine dyes, hemicyanine dyes (styryl cyanine dyes), merocyanine dyes (acyclic merocyanine dyes and cyclic merocyanine dyes). Besides, in the introduction section of this paper review some light is focused on the some recent applications of cyanine dyes. This review paper is very readable, informative, and useful for synthetic dye chemists, researchers and students who looks for the different methods in the synthesis and preparation of various classes of polyheterocyclic cyanine dyes. In addition, this paper review can be used and/or will be most valuable as a thesis and/or as a note book for student lectures, particularly for the post graduate students and researchers in the field of heterocyclic and/or cyanine dyes chemistry. This specific type of collective review in the different methods in the synthesis of only polyheterocyclic cyanine dyes has been paid little attention and is lacking in the chemistry literature.

3-7

Authors: Magda D. Davitashvili, Gela S. Azikuri

The investigation is concerned with the detection of the rII region in the phages, related to T-even, by means of some complementation and recombination tests with deletion mutant of phage T4BrII-1272. The restoration of the damaged function and the recombinants were detected by planting the progeny of reference and mutant strains of bacteria. The analysis of the results obtained shows the ability of five phages out of the eight to restore the damaged function in deletion mutant of phage T4BrII-1272 (Zonne 2, Zonne 3 and Zonne 4 phages were not complement). The formation of recombinants was noted only with DDVI and Zonne 7 phages. The percentage of recombinants was 0.004 and 0.2 respectively.

17-24

Authors: Pavel А. Krylov, Nikita I. Stepanenko, Natalia A. Borozdina

The article is concerned with lungs proteome analysis of live-stock animals (Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa) with further proteins grouping by their physico-chemical and functional properties. Primary information of proteins comprised in the lungs proteomes of Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa was obtained from the UniProt database, taking into account the functional properties received from Gene Ontology database. The analysis revealed several thousand annotated proteins used for further grouping: by the chemical nature of their prosthetic groups, their localization in relation to the cell and functional properties. Consequently, we found a predominance of phosphoproteins in the lungs proteome, exceeding by almost 2 and 10 times the number of proteins related to glycoproteins and lipoproteins, respectively. Protein analysis by their localization in relation to the cell reveals a predominance of membrane and intracellular proteins. Practically significant proteins were extracellular proteins. Maximum function diversity of proteins comprised in the lungs proteome was in Bos Taurus - 741, Sus scrofa – 379. Therefore, lungs proteins of Bos Taurus are more promising for the industrial production than Sus Scrofa’s ones. The obtained data can be used as a basis for the development or optimization of protein isolation methods for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries demands in future.

40-46

Authors: Valery G. Zaitsev, Regina Yu. Ivashchenko, Darya A. Kurkina, Anna S. Popova

Development and growing of plant cultivars with elevated content of health beneficial nutrients could improve the public human health. The aim of this study was to review the state of the art in use of molecular markers to produce anthocyanin-rich varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Link between anthocyanins production and their proved effect on the health was discussed. Although anthocyanin-dependent red colour of lettuce has been used in breeding for years the metabolic markers are not high-quality for noted purpose. Use of molecular markers can improve results of the breeding. Known and perspective DNA-based molecular markers were shown in this mini-review.

69-75

Authors: Abdelilah Benallou

The optimum geometries and quadratic force constants of HCN, HNC, intermediates (INT1 and INT2) and the transition state connecting them (CHN) have been determined at the DFT (density functional theory) level of theory. Energy differences were evaluated using the DFT method in conjunction with 6-311++g(d,p) basis set. The most reliable structure obtained for the transition state has bond distances of 1.184, 1.193 and 1.391Å for rCN, rCH and rNH, respectively. Including a correction for zero-point vibrational energies, the transition state activation energy is predicted to be 44.6kcal/mol. So the transition state of isomerization pathway is highly energetic and subsequently cannot occur efficiently in the gas phase.

83-95

Authors: H.A. Shindy, M.A. El-Maghraby, M.M. Goma a, N.A. Harb

New polyheterocyclic starting material compound namely 3, 5-dimethyl-7-phenyl-furo [(3,2-d) pyrazole;(3',2'-d) oxazole] was prepared and oriented for the synthesis of novel monomethine cyanine dyes (simple cyanine dyes), bis monomethine cyanine dyes (bis simple cyanine dyes), trimethine cyanine dyes (carbocyanine dyes) and bis trimethine cyanine dyes (bis carbocyanine dyes). The electronic transitions of all the synthesized cyanine dyes were evaluated and determined through investigating their visible absorption spectra in 95 % ethanol solution. The dyes were thought to be better electronic transitions when they absorb light at higher wavelength bands (bathochromic shifted and/or red shifted dyes). Consequently, the electronic transitions of the dyes decreases when they absorb light at lower wavelength bands (hypsochromic shifted and/or blue shifted dyes). The antimicrobial activity evaluation for a number of 10 (ten) selected compounds was tested against 4 (four) various bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). The antimicrobial activity evaluation can be made through measuring the inhibition zone diameter of the tested compounds against a number of bacterial and/or fungi strains. The compounds were thought to be better antimicrobial active when they give higher inhibition zone diameter against the tested bacterial and/or the fungi strains. Consequently, the antimicrobial activity of the compounds decrease when they give lower inhibition zone diameter against the tested bacterial and/or the fungi strains. Structural characterization and determination was carried out via elemental analysis, visible, mass, IR and 1HNMR spectroscopic data.