Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Researches

3

Authors: Mohammad Esmaeil Hejazi, Sepideh Tahsini Tekantapeh  and Forugh Ghasemi

Today there is an increase in the use of central venous catheters in clinical practice. One of the dangerous complications of central venous catheters is symptomatic or asymptomatic thrombosis which sometimes causes superior vena cava syndrome. One of the most common causes of superior vena cava syndrome is malignant mass compression effect, also sometimes happens because of post thrombotic syndrome of central venous catheters. A 65 year-old woman was admitted to Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran with superior vena cava syndrome. CT- Angiography demonstrated a massive filling defect in distal of superior vena cava adjacent to central venous catheters in favor of central venous catheters thrombosis. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis was successfully treated with therapeutic anticoagulation and catheter removal. As a conclusion, when central venous catheter-related thrombosis causes superior vena cava syndrome, despite the lack of consensus, therapeutic anticoagulation along with catheter removal are introduced as a successful way in central venous catheter-related thrombosis management. Based on the existing data found in previous studies about patients with central venous catheters, it can be claimed that a strong association exists between central venous catheter-related thrombosis presentation as a superior vena cava syndrome and malignancies. In patients with central venous catheter-related thrombosis who are presented with superior vena cava syndrome, successful clinical improvement is obtained by therapeutic anticoagulation along with catheter removal.

7

Authors: Sajid Safeer, Rizwan Sarwar, Saeed Khalil, Ubaid-ul-Hassan and Sheikh Muhammad Farhan Anwar

Present studies have been carried out to access, document and describe the ethno-medicinal potential of three different sites of projected area. Structured, semi structured and open ended questionnaires as well as detailed oral interviews of local inhabitants were the methodology to gather valuable knowledge. A total of 34 ethnomedicinally important taxa belonging to 25 families were reported. Among them, 2 were Pteridophytes, 3 were Gymnosperms while the remaining 29 were Angiosperms. Asteraceae contributed a significant number of species (4 spp.), followed by Pinaceae (3 spp.), Ranunculaceae, Aracaceae, Violaceae and Poaceae (2 spp. each) while remaining 19 families represented single species. Regarding habit, 22 herbs, 7 shrubs and 5 trees were documented. Mode of administration of the medicinal flora was as, 27 plants were applied externally while 7 species had both internal and external applications. Majority of the reported taxa were used to cure multiple type of diseases e.g. 12 species for gastrointestinal disorders, followed by respiratory diseases (9 spp.), muscular malfunctions (6 spp.) and hepatic disorders (4 spp.). In addition, three plant species were used against skin problems, eye infections, fever and headache and urinogenital troubles, while two species each were used for cardiovascular and neruro malfunctions. Only one plant was used against snake bite.

5

Authors: Noor Mohammad Noori, Shahrokh Rajaei, Alireza Teimouri, Salma Naderi and Saeed Hashemi

Patent ductus arteriosus accounts for about 10% of congenital heart disease. Although surgical or catheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus is safe but with some complications and not possible in anywhere. Efficacy of ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus closure is shown in preterm neonates. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral ibuprofen in full- term neonates after the first days of life. This study was a randomized clinical trial on 20-28-day term infants with confirmed patent ductus arteriosus. The sample size was 40 infants divided randomly in case (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). The case group received ibuprofen suspension initially with a dosage of 10 mg/kg, then two 5 mg/kg doses 12 hours apart. If ductal closure did not occur, a second course was repeated after one week. Case group was assessed by adverse effects and complications. The control group received no medication or placebo. To confirm patent ductus arteriosus, diagnosis and follow up by 2 dimensional color Doppler echocardiography was performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, weight, sex, and patent ductus arteriosus size. There wasn’t any ductal closure in case group after one course of treatment. Patent ductus arteriosus was closed in 75% of patients in treated group after second course, but no spontaneous closure was reported in control group (P<0.001). None of the patients reported drug complication. The current study indicated that two courses of treatment by oral ibuprofen seem effective with no complications in closing patent ductus arteriosus of full-term infants' aged 20-28 days. However, further research in this field is recommended.

7

Authors: Fariba Karimi1 and Gholamhossein Ranjbar Omrani2

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disorders in the world. Previous investigations have suggested that metformin, as a key treatment option in type 2 diabetes, may lead to hyperhomocysteinemia through decreasing the levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. In this clinical trial, 55 patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to two clinics of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated. At first, the participants followed diet regimen alone for 3 months and then in the next 3 months they were treated by metformin. Serum levels of vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine were checked before and after the diet alone and metformin consumption, then they were compared. After 3 months of diet regimen alone the levels of vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine did not show statistically (P≤0.05) significant differences. However, three months of treatment with metformin resulted in significantly higher levels of homocysteine (P=0.001) although serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 did not change significantly again (P=0.1 and P=0.4, respectively). Our data provided no support for this hypothesis that metformin consumption increases homoysteine secondary to folate and /or B12 deficiency.

8

Authors: Devarajan Dinesh Kumar1, Koneru Ratna Kumari2, Jeck K James2, Chandra Bala Sekharan2

Pre-primary school children remain hard to reach the mass drug administration programmes in control of soil-transmitted helminth infections. In the present study, the stool samples of 115 pre-primary school children in Kiwangwa rural ward, Bagamoyo district, Tanzania were studied in order to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths and their relationships with the associated risk factors. The samples were analyzed with the Kato-Katz technique. The intensity of infections was categorized according to the World Health Organization limits as light, moderate or high. The overall mean prevalence was found to be 3.8%. Regarding the intensity, among the 115 pre-primary school children four children were found positive. One student had co infection of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm with light intensity, two children had moderate intensity infection of hookworm and one child had moderate intensity infection of Ascaris lumbricoides. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection was higher in children who did not have: treated water for domestic use, own toilet facilities, practice of wearing shoes and washing hands before eating and after defecation. This study highlights the importance of hygiene in pre-primary school children as an additional opportunity for mass drug administration programme in Tanzania. In addition, community participation in providing health education to children at home should be improved as well as the risk factors such as toilet facilities, hand washing facilities, water for domestic use to avoid and reduce the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths.

01-03

Authors: Hejazi ME, TahsiniTekantapeh S, Noorabadi P. and and Hejazi Y.

Surgery has been the principal treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts in recent years. Also, relapse after medical treatment with benzimidazoles has been reported. This case is about a 56-years old woman with multiple pulmonary hydatid cysts who has been successfully treated using standard medical treatment with albendazole in the form of 4 courses of 3 weeks with 2 week intervals. Successful clinical, radiological and serologic improvement in multiple pulmonary hydatid cysts treatment was obtained using medical treatment only with albendazole. In follow-up X-rays, decrease in cysts numbers and sizes and their emptying were observed and until now, after 21 month no relapse was occurred in serial follow-ups. Because of surgery ineffectiveness in patients with multiple pulmonary hydatid cysts, satisfactory therapeutic response can be obtained using albendazole, but regular follow-ups in order to detect any relapse early is recommended.