Journal of Acute Disease

253-261

Authors: Alok Semwal, Ratendra Kumar, Udai Vir Singh Teotia, Ramandeep Singh

Since the beginning of the human existence on the earth reproductive biology remained a main concern of research because of its importance. It is widely recognized and demonstrated that odors play an important role in mammalian reproduction. A large number of studies have been carried out in humans, in order to investigate possible pheromones, their properties, mechanism of action, and possible receptors for their action. Till now scientific studies indicated that humans use olfactory communication and are even able to produce and perceive certain pheromones. This review article aims to highlight the role of human pheromones as aphrodisiacs

270-276

Authors: Nabakishore Nayak, Sibanarayan Rath, Monali P. Mishra, Goutam Ghosh, Rabindra N. Padhy

Objective: To investigate antibacterial properties of the terrestrial fern Lygodium flexuosum (L. flexuosum) obtained from Kalahandi district, Odisha against enteric- and uro-pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples. Method: Frond-extracts of L. flexuosum were obtained by the cold percolation method using four solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. Antibacterial potencies of concentrated cold frond-extracts were tested by the agar-well diffusion method against 7 multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria of which, 2 were Gram-positives, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), and 5 Gram-negatives, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. Result: The cold-water frondextract had the best antimicrobial activity against 7 MDR bacterial isolates, compared to extracts with other solvents. Values of zones of inhibition against MRSA and P. mirabilis were the highest, 29 mm. Zones of inhibition against VRE and P. aeruginosa were 25 mm, while those were 23 mm against E. aerogenes and E. coli. The least size of zone of inhibition 19 mm was recorded against K. pneumoniae. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of active frond-extracts with water, chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether were recorded. For the water extract, the MIC value 1.562 mg/mL against MRSA and P. mirabilis, but the value 3.25 mg/mL against VRE, E. aerogenes and P. aeruginosa, while the value of 12.5 mg/mL against K. pneumoniae were recorded. MBC values were the least with chloroform-extracts, with the range 12.5 for 6 bacteria, excluding P. aeruginosa for which, the value 25 mg/mL was recorded as MBC. Conclusions: Phytochemical analysis of the water-extract of L. flexuosum confirmed the presence of glycosides and carbohydrates, but alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids were absent. L. flexuosum, being a fern, is a suitable non-microbial source of antimicrobial for MDR strains of major enteric and uro-pathogens.

282-286

Authors: V. Vijayan, Shaik Aafreen, S. Sakthivel, K. Ravindra Reddy

Objective To investigate the treatment of acne and pimples as well as improves skin elasticity by solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded Neem oil. Method Neem oil as a natural agent was incorporated into SLNs prepared by double emulsification method using different concentration of lecithin and Tween 80. The characteristics of SLNs with different concentration of lipid were investigated. Results The average particle size of Neem oil loaded SLNs decreased with increasing concentration of surfactant. SLNs of (221.6 ± 2.0) nm with a Polydispersity index of (0.948 ± 0.040) were obtained at higher concentration of lipid and surfactant. High entrapment efficiency of 82.10% revealed the ability of solid lipid nanoparticles to incorporate a high quantity of Neem oil. Furthermore the stability of SLNs indicated with negligible drug leakage after 3 weeks. Conclusion The result concluded that Neem oil loaded solid lipid nanoparticles with more lecithin content in their colloid exhibit sustained effect which satisfactorily produced the antibacterial action on Acne microbes. Therefore Neem oil loaded SLN was used successfully for prolonged treatment of Acne.

292-295

Authors: Dinesh K. Patel, S.P. Dhanabal

Objective To set the analytical parameters for simultaneous determination of different phytochemicals present in the Abroma augusta (A. augusta). Methods Different phytochemical test including total phenol and total flavonoid content were carried out in the present investigation. Further, a rapid and simple high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Moreover antimicrobial study was also performed in the present investigation to know the presence of biological contamination. Results Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycoside, alkaloid, carbohydrate and steroid in the A. augusta. Total phenol and total flavonoid content were found to be 0.29% and 0.50% w/w respectively. All tested microorganism in the A. augusta extract were found to be under the limit. Chloroform: methanol: acetic acid: H2O (170:25:25:4) was used as a solvent system for the qualitative and quantitative analysis through HPTLC Method. HPTLC analysis revealed 1.87 % w/w of linoleic acid in the A. augusta extract. Conclusions Results showed that the selected parameters in the present investigation would set the new standards for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of A. augusta.

300-303

Authors: Alok Semwal, Ratendra Kumar, Udai Vir Singh Teotia, Ramandeep Singh

Ficus retusa (F. retusa) belongs to family Moraceae is a large and extensively growing tree across Indian continent. It's commonly known as Chilkan and Marabuten. This tree is claimed to have medicinal properties. The aim of present study is to investigate the pharmacognostical characters of important medicinal plant, F. retusa L. The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of macroscopical, microscopical characters, standardization, phytoconstituents and chromatographic analysis of F. retusa leaf and bark. Various standard methods were adopted to carry out the investigation.

310-315

Authors: Udaiyar Muruganathan, Subramani Srinivasan, Dhananjayan Indumathi

Objective: To investigate the effect of carvone on dearrangement in glycoprotein levels in the streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic model. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w). The levels of glycoproteins were altered in experimental diabetes mellitus. Carvone were administered to diabetic rats intragastrically at 25, 50, 100 mg/kg bw for 30 d. The effects of carvone on plasma glucose, insulin, plasma and tissue glycoproteins were studied. Results: Oral administration of carvone (50 mg/ kg b.w) for 30 d, dose dependently improved the glycemic status in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The levels of plasma glucose were decreased with significant increase of plasma insulin level. The altered levels of plasma and tissue glycoprotein components were restored to near normal. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that carvone can potentially ameliorate glycoprotein components abnormalities in addition to its antihyperglycemic effect in experimental diabetes. In light of these advantageous results, it is advisable to broaden the scale of use of carvone in a trial to alleviate the adverse effects of diabetes.

322-326

Authors: Raju Senthil Kumar, Balasubramanian Rajkapoor, Perumal Perumal

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides (I. cassioides) (MEIC) using various animal models. Methods: Antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of MEIC was assessed by using different animal models. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma method. Anti-nociceptive activity of the extract was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions by using Eddy’s hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing respectively. The study was carried out using dose of 200 & 400 mg/kg orally. Aceclofenac, aspirin and pentazocine was used as standard drugs to evaluate antiinflammatory and analgesic activities, respectively. Results: Treatment with MEIC significantly (P<0.001) decrease the paw volume and weight of cotton pellet in the tested models. It also exhibit potent analgesic activity on chemical and thermal induced pain in mice. MEIC exhibit potent and dose dependent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in all the tested animal models. Conclusions: All the results obtained revealed that the extract MEIC showed potent antiinflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity against all the tested models and the results obtained were comparable with the standards used. The activity of the extract may be due to the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids and other phytochemicals.

330-331

Authors: Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit

Acute chest pain is an important medical complaint that needs proper management. The acute myocardial infarction, which is an emergency condition primarily presented with chest pain. The important concerns in management are early diagnosis and prompt treatment. An important factor determining the success of treatment is the time before visiting to the physicians. In this report, the authors summarize on the time before visiting to the physicians. It can be seen that the health education to general people on the danger of acute chest pain is required.

334-336

Authors: Orazulike NC, Oriji VK, Fiebai PO

To report a case of live birth in a 53 year old woman following assisted reproductive techniques (ART). A 53-year-old civil servant who registered for antenatal care at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) in 2008 at 17 weeks gestation is presented. She had conceived after 4 years of infertility follow treatment by intracytoplasmic sperm injection/embryo transfer (ICSI-ET) using her husband ’s sperm and donor eggs. The pregnancy was complicated by breech presentation at term. She was delivered of a healthy live male infant by elective caesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation. The puerperium was complicated by hypertension, which was managed appropriately. Infertility in women of advanced reproductive age can be successfully treated with donor oocytes in Nigeria. Antenatal supervision and delivery by skilled attendants is the key to achieve favourable outcome.