Journal of Acute Disease

85-91

Authors: Ramandeep Singh, Ashraf Ali, G. Jeyabalan, Alok Semwal, Jaikishan

Discoveries in the past two decades have continued to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction disease and animal models have played a significant role to define the basic mechanisms of erectile dysfunction treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo models have been developed in the past years to study the aphrodisiac agents. Methods that are used in aphrodisiac study can be categorized into physical methods including male sexual behavior (mount frequency, mount latency, intromission frequency, intromission latency, ejaculation frequency, post-ejaculatory interval, couplatory rate, index of libido, computed male sexual behavior parameter), pendiculation study, orientation behavior, determination of hesitation time & attraction towards female, test of potency, test for libido, penile microcirculation study, Intracavernous pressure study and biochemical methods, histopathology, sperm count, Fructose content in seminal vesicles, sperm preservation, organ weight, hormonal determination, assay of nitric oxide synthase, In vitro nitric oxide release & androgen receptor protein. This review aims to highlight some of the new and currently used experimental models that are used for the evaluation of aphrodisiac agents.

99-105

Authors: MUNUSWAMY HEMALATHA, Thirunavukkarasu Thirumalai, Rajamani Saranya, Erusan Kuppan Elumalai, Ernest David

Infectious diseases are one of the major problems in developing as well as developed countries. Traditional medicinal plants are widely used to treat the microbial diseases due to their rich source of antimicrobial activity and less cost. The different plant parts such as seed, fruit, root, bark, stem, leaf and even the whole plant were extracted using different solvents like ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether, alcohol, and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested by diffusion method against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi to assess their antimicrobial activity. This review provides a lucid data of nearly 70 traditional medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity and this would open up the scope for further analysis of medicinal plant extracts to develop effective antimicrobial drugs.

109-114

Authors: Lolly Pattnaik, Kusai Almozawak, Susanne Binder

Objective To evaluate postoperative outcome of cases undergoing Artisan aphakic iris fixated intraocular lens implantation (IOL) in complicated vitreoretinal referrals, at Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna, Austria. Methods It was a retrospective interventional case series involving 24 patients who have undergone pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with the Artisan iris fixated lens implantation procedure. Herein, procedures, preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), causes of referral, post-operative CDVA and clinical complications were recorded. Results The mean age of 24 patients (17 males and 7 females) was (69.88±14.50), with the range 32-83 years. The mean preoperative visual acuity was (1.40±0.83) with the range 0.46-3.00 log MAR units. After a mean follow up period for (3.12±2.54) with the range 1-12 months, the mean CDVA at the last follow-up was (0.95±0.84) log MAR units with the range 0.097-3.000 log MAR units. Complicated cataract surgery was the most common cause for referral with the value, 54.21% among cases, n=13. Secondary glaucoma was the commonest postoperative complication 25.00% with n=6. The other complications included were transient hypotony (n=3; 12.51%), hyphaema (n=2; 8.34%), corneal oedema (n=1; 4.17%), corneal erosion (n=1; 4.17%), vitreous haemorrhage (n=2; 8.34%) and oval pupil (n=1; 4.17%). Paired t test result showed no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative visual acuities (P>0.05). Conclusions Artisan iris fixated IOL's are a safe and effective option in eyes with concomitant poor capsular support and vitreoretinal complications requiring PPV. The postoperative visual acuity depends on the underlying pathological features present preoperatively.

122-126

Authors: Sumam Varghese, R. Narmadha, D. Gomathi, M. Kalaiselvi, K. Devaki

Objective: To find out the secondary metabolites present in the various extracts of Citrullus lanatus (C. lanatus) (Thunb.) and mineral content present in the plant material. Methods: The powdered plant material was extracted using different solvents. Phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprinting analysis were then carried out. Result: The ethanolic seed extract of C. lanatus showed the presence of majority of secondary metabolites when compared to other solvent system. The quantitative analysis of the plant material also revealed the presence of various amount of carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, proteins, fibre, phosphorus and irons. The HPTLC fingerprinting analysis was carried for flavonid and phenolic compounds by using CAMAG LINOMAT 5 instrument which revealed the presence of flavonoid and phenolic compound especially quercetin in the ethanolic seed extract of C. lanatus. Conclusions: The results scientifically validate the use of C. lanatus in the traditional medicine and it can be used to treat various disorders caused by free radical and chemical substances due to presence of secondary metabolites.

134-136

Authors: Dinesh K. Patel, S. P. Dhanabal

Objective: To develop noval bioanalytical parameters for standardization of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) extract. Methods: Phytochemical analysis, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and fingerprint analysis through HPTLC method were carried out in the present investigation. Moreover quantitative analysis of rutin and quercetin in Z. officinale extract through HPTLC techniques were also performed in the present investigation. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside, triterpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, amino acid and protein. The total phenol and flavonoid content were found to be 0.59% and 4.50%. For quantitative analysis through HPTLC techniques, optimization of solvent system was done and the content of quercetin and rutin in the extract was found to be 3.22% (w/w) and 0.65% (w/w) respectively. Conclusion: These above mentioned parameters can be used as an important tool for the standardization of Z. officinale extract.

140-147

Authors: Eleazu CO, Iroaganachi M, Eleazu KC

Objective: To investigate the ameliorating potentials of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta (C. esculenta) L.) and unripe plantain (Musa paradisiacae (M. paradisiacae) L.) incorporated feeds on renal and liver growth of STZ induced rats. Method: The blood glucose level of all the rats was measured with a glucometer, the protein and glucose levels in the urine samples of the rats were determined using urine assay strips while the specific gravity of the urine samples of all the rats was determined with a urinometer. The assay of the proximate, phytochemical, mineral composition as well as screening for antioxidant activity of the test feeds was carried out using standard techniques. Results: The administration of the test feeds for 21 days to the diabetic rats of groups 4 and 5, resulted in 58.75% and 38.13% decreases in their hyperglycemia with a corresponding amelioration of their elevated urinary protein, glucose, specific gravity as well as renal and kidney growths. Administration of the cocoyam incorporated feeds to the diabetic rats of group 4, resulted in 2.71% increase in body weight with a corresponding 19.52% increase in growth rate unlike the diabetic rats of group 5, administered unripe plantain feed that had 5.12% decrease in weight with a corresponding 29.52% decrease in growth rate but higher than the diabetic control rats that recorded 28.69% and 29.46% decreases in body weights with a corresponding 248.9% and 250.14% decreases in growth rates. Analysis revealed that the test feeds contained low quantities of moisture but significant quantities of crude fibre, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ash, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorous as well as considerable amount of energy. In addition, the cocoyam incorporated feeds contained higher quantities of flavonoids, saponin, tannin, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, K, P, crude fibre as well as antioxidant activity but lower quantities of alkaloids than the unripe plantain feed. Conclusion: The use of cocoyam and unripe plantain flours in the dietary management of diabetes mellitus could be a breakthrough in the search for plants that could

151-155

Authors: Thangarajan Starlin, Perumal Sathiyanathan, Chinthamony Arul Raj, Paramasivam Ragavendran, Balasubramanian Vidya, Martin Sunitha, Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Ichnocarpus frutescens (I. frutescens) R. Br against 4-vinylcyclohexane induced ovarian cancer in Swiss albino mice. Method: The ovarian cancer was induced by 4-vinylcyclohexane which was given to 28-day-old mice in corn oil, intra peritoneally, at 2.7 mmol/kg body weight/day for 30 d. After that serum and tissue were isolated. Enzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation assessed in liver and ovary homogenate. Metabolites, marker enzymes were analyzed in serum. Tissue was examined histopathology examination. Result: The levels of urea, creatinine, marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in ovarian cancer induced mice when compared to control group whereas, levels of uric acid, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were decreased in cancer induced mice when compared with control mice. From these parameters were brought back to near normal in ethanolic extract of I. frutescens treated animals. The above results were further confirmed by histopathological examination which shows marked edema of lamina propria occurred in cancer induced animals whereas no alterations in ethanolic extract of I. frutescens and cisplatin treated groups. Conclusion: This present study was evaluated that the ethanolic extracts of I. frutescens have effective anticancer activity against 4-vinylcyclohexane induced ovarian cancer.

159-160

Authors: Muhammed Akıl, Avni Kaya, M.Selçuk Bektaş, Fesih Aktar, Sinan Akbayram, Salim Bilici, Mehmet Beyazal

A 8-year-old boy admitted with abdominal pain, fever and vomiting for the previous 10 days. Sensitivity was detected in the epigastric area. There was not defense and rebond. Aspartate aminotransferase was 106 U/L, alanine aminotransferase 25 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 311 U/L, blood amylase level 748 U/L, blood lipase level 391 U/L. In thoracic CT, soft tissue with smooth contours measuring 32 mm×28 mm was identified in the posterior mediastinum. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy was normal. A mass specimen obtained from the duodenum endoscopic biopsy. This specimen was diffuse staining by leukocyte common antigen, CD10 and CD20. The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis associated with stage 3 duodenal Burkitt's lymphoma. Modified LMB-98 was initiated. Burkitt's lymphoma may rarely cause acute pancreatitis.

164-166

Authors: Fatimah Lateef

Complaints of fatigue and physical exhaustion are frequently seen in the acute medical setting, especially amongst athletes, army recruits and persons involved in strenuous and exertional physical activities. Stress-induced exhaustion, on the other hand, is less often seen, but can present with very similar symptoms to physical exhaustion. Recently, three patients were seen at the Department of Emergency Medicine, presenting with exhaustion from prolonged involvement in gambling activities. The cases serve to highlight some of the physical consequences of prolonged gambling.