Journal of Indian System of Medicine

2

Authors: SRP Kethamakka

Zero and one are the fundamentals exhibit as “Nasti” and “Asthi” in Indian philosophy and technology. The entire technology is based on this fundamental rule and Ayurveda is not exceptional for it. Ayurveda, Traditional Indian Healthcare knowledge prevalent in Ethnic and Geographical variations of India do leap its existence through various types of propagation and methods of development according to time. Ayurveda is heading towards digitalization from manuscripts in 21st Century. Initially the palm leaf or paper manuscripts of ancient India are published in pre and independent India by various Ayurveda lovers viz. Nirnaya Sagar Press, Motilal Banarasidas, Choukhambha, Vavilla (Telugu), Vaidyaratnam (Malayalam), etc.

3

Authors: Swati S Bedekar, Kulkarni BG, Uma B Gopal

Presents work deals with description of anatomical variation in the left vertebral artery originating from the arch of aorta. This variation was in one of the cadaver in the department of Sharir Rachana at SDM College of Ayurveda Hassan, Karnataka (India). During routine dissection of a female cadaver of aged 60 years, in the superior mediastinum and root of the neck, atypical origin of the left vertebral artery was observed. Atypical origin compared to the typical origin of the left vertebral artery in the anatomical literature. Findings compared with different possible variations of the origin of the left vertebral artery reported in the literature.

5

Authors: Nandkishor P Umale

Vatavyadhi (diseases caused by vitiation of Vata) are one of the most prevailing health problems and Gridhrasi (disease in which person walk like Vulture) is one among them. It is one of the painful conditions, where pain from the Sphik (Lumbar region) is radiates up to the Pada (Foot) through the posterior aspect of Kati (back), Prusta (thoracic region), Janu (knee) and Jangha (calf region) region. Gridharasi can be correlated with Sciatica based on symptoms. Basti (enema) is considered as an Ardhachikitsa (Half line of treatment) in Ayurveda treatment modalities; in present study Matra Basti is selected. Vajigandhadi Taila mentioned by Yogratnakara was used for the Basti karma which contains Erandataila (oil extracted from Ricinus communis), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Bala (Sida CordifoliaI, Bilva (AegleMarmelos) and Dashmoola which exert Vatahara and Vedanasthapaka (pain killer) action. Ashwgandha acts as Rasayana (rejuvenator) and also causes defensive action on pain. Tila tail (sesame oil) when processed with drugs (Murchita Tila Taila) acts as Sarvarogapaham (Useful in all diseases). 30 patients of Gridhrasi were randomly divided in to two groups. In Group A, patients received nine days treatment of Vajigandhadi Taila Matra Basti while in Group B, patients were treated with Moorchita Tila Taila Matra Basti for nine days. In present study both groups showed statistically significant result in subjective parameters like Ruk (Pain), Toda (Pricking Sensation), Stambha (Stiffness), Spandana (Muscle Twitcing/Fasciculation ) as P < 0.0001 and objective parameters Straight Leg Raising test and Bragards Test P< 0.001 except Knee Jerk and Ankle Jerk as p=1. Group A (Vajigandhadi Taila Matrabasti) clinically showed slightly better response than group B (Tila Taila Matra basti) without much statistical significance.

5

Authors: Sumeeta Jain, Gautam S Jogad

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the body lacks sufficient Thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone plays a vital role in physiology and metabolism, chief complaint of patients are weight gain, fatigue, weakness, cold intolerance and constipation. In present study, the hypothyroid case in post natal period has been successfully treated with an Ayurvedic concept of Shleshma (Kapha Dosha), Medohar (removal of fat), Aamdoshahar (removal of toxins) and Dhatuvagni Vardhaka (increase cell metabolism) formulation. Weight and Thyroid profile were important tools for assessment in this study. Two months treatment showed marked difference in TSH and weight reduced from 55.95 µIU/dl to19.42 µIU/dl and from 64 kg to 60kg respectively. Combination of Kanchanar Guggulu and Aarogyavardhini Vati as Ayurvedic formulations, found highly significant in this hypothyroid case. Patient was completely treated by Ayurvedic medicines only, under strict supervision.

6

Authors: Anil Avhad, Manjiri Walinjkar, R.R. Dwivedi, H. A. Vyas

Srotas is a structural and functional unit of the body through which substances flow from one part to another. Each Srotas is said to associate with two organs which are termed as Srotomula. Srotomula is the most vital part of the Srotas just like the root of the tree. In classics neither the detail description about Srotomula is available nor the reason mentioned for considering particular organs as the Srotomula. Hence the present study was undertaken with the aim to assess and evaluate the relation between Srotas and its Mula. Also it is essential to compare the views of both Charaka and Sushruta regarding Srotomula. For present study relevant information regarding Srotas and its respective Dhatu from Samhitas, various texts, articles etc was compiled and interpreted. After analyzing all the conceptual material it was found that Srotomula could be considered as either the originating place, storage place, controlling place, conduction place, terminating end or the site of manifestation etc. After comparing the views of both Acharyas it was found that Charaka has narrated the concept from physiological point of view whereas Sushruta has given more emphasis on the anatomical aspect of Srotomula.

3

Authors: SRP Kethamakka

Ayurveda undoubtedly the treasure of the Indian subcontinent from generations passed through stages of turbulence from internal and external encounters. The conflicts generated in the concepts are because of misunderstanding or not understanding properly, or with negligence and attraction towards the contemporary trends and approaches. Ayurveda a science life propagated for the protection of humanity from the ailments from natural resources to treat colonized diseased with natural approaches. Dispensing Ayurveda for the people who do not have time to think in urbanization about their health is not only difficult but also mirage.

3

Authors: Saroj Tirpude, Anil Avhad

The problem of pronunciation is very much increased due to the mixing of many languages while talking. Another reason is variation of pronunciation of word in every region. With the help of Maheshwari Sutra Acharya Panini has made the grammer of Sanskrit. Maheshwari sutra plays an important role in accent of Sanskrit words. Sanskrit is said to be the mother of all languages and on this basis only Maheshwari sutra was selected for pronunciation efficiency in the present study. Aim of the present work was to see the effect of Maheshwari Sutra in improving pronunciation. Total 50 subjects were selected for the present study. For pronunciation exercise daily half hour revision of Maheshwari Sutras for 7days was done. Firstly when their pronunciation was recorded, it was found that many words were pronounced wrongly. After proper guidance & daily revision for seven days it was observed that pronunciation of words was corrected in 80% students. 16% students pronounced all the 30 words correctly after the therapy while 4% students were unable to pronounce the words properly even after the therapy. Overall 23.90 % improvement was observed. It can be concluded that Maheshwary Sutras are very effective in enhancing the speech power.

5

Authors: Harshala Rajurkar Sharma, Mrityunjay Sharma, Kiran Tawalare, Rachana Ramteke

Rajonivrutti (Menopause) is a physiological, inevitable phenomenon for every woman but sometimes it causes discomfort both to the mind and body, which is referred as Rajonivrittijanya lakshanas i.e. menopausal syndrome. A 49 years old lady suffering from perspiration, irregular menses, weight gain and mood fluctuations was treated with Rasayana Chikitsa along with Panchakarma procedure Raktamokshana. Dried extract powders of Saraca indica, Tinospora cardifolia, Withania somnifera and Terminalia chebula was given orally along with Kumariasava, Chandraprabha Vati and Brahmi Vati. Raktamokshana was performed once a week for 4 weeks. This Rasayana Therapy and Raktamokshan helped in balancing the vitiated Vata Dosha, correct Dhatukshaya, and Manovaha Strotas Vikriti. On the basis of results observed in the treated case it is concluded that, Rasayana Chikitsa along with Raktamokshana is helpful in reducing the symptoms of Menopause.

6

Authors: Sneha Vidhate, Meena S Deogade, Pramod Khobragade

Pratinidhi Dravyas (substitutes for herbal drugs) are narrated in Ayurvedic classical texts when original or a form of drug is not available. In Ayurveda there are many drugs combined in single formulation, some of them were difficult to get and some species got destroyed with development of civilization and industrialization. This resulted in scarcity and less availability of the ingredient in the formulation which may cause a drastic or no effect of formulation at all. Hence ancient seers of Ayurveda advised some drugs which can be used when other drug with similar properties is not available for medicinal purpose. Such drugs are known as Pratinidhi or substitute drugs. This concept is based on Ayurveda principles and is referred from one of the Laghutrayi, Bhavprakash, Yogratnakar and Bhaishajya ratnawali. As the list of substitute is first of its kind and this Nighantu is considered as latest among classical work in Dravyaguna Shastra. Substitute drugs also known as Abhav pratinidhi dravya (Drugs Substitute) should possess similar guna (properties) i.e. Rasapanchak and proven on the basis of pharmaco-therapeutically activity. In Ayurveda Pachan Samstha (digestive system) is the most important system considered for both initiation as well as treatment of numerous diseases. Most of Ayurvedic formulations are administered orally, hence in present work an attempt has been made to present brief review of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravya acting on digestive system. Post 16th century Ayurvedic texts and lexicons give specific examples of possible substitutes. Understanding the logic behind the Ayurvedic concept of Abhava Pratinidhi Dravya (APD) (drug substitution) could lead to new methods of identifying legitimate drug alternatives, and help solve industry's problems of crude drug shortage.

7

Authors: Ashok Kumar Tiwari, Manoj Kumar Tripathi, Neelesh Dwivedi

The present study deals with the standardization of the Ayurvedic formulation Sarasvata churna following quality control procedures both for the raw materials and the finished product. The results of physico-chemical parameters viz. loss on drying (7.0%), total ash (14.50%), acid insoluble ash (9.0%), water soluble extractive value (23.0%), alcohal soluble extractive value (37.50%), pH (4.5-5.5) and volatile oil (1.0%) were found. Microbiological limit test, aflatoxins and heavy metals Pb, Cd, As, Hg were also found within the limits set by Ayurvedic Pharmacopiea of India (API). The obtained values can be adapted to lay down new pharmacopoeial standards with batch to batch consistency. The phytochemical constituents found in the raw material used for the preparation of Sãrasvata cũrna facilitate the desirable therapeutic efficacy of the medicinal formulations a whole in elements and also could help in knowing the underlying mechanism of pharmacological action.

3

Authors: SRP Kethamakka

"Education has become a flourishing business in the country," the apex court statement in September 2008 [1] could not alter any situation even in 2015. The Indian education system that started as the highly disciplined, principled and idealistic Gurukul ideology has evolved through many phases as the “Golden Bird” was caged and ruled, later freed sans the wings or anything close to “golden” [2]. "We are training a group of physicians who have never been observed," Ludwig Eichna, wrote after he courageously took a second turn at being a medical student before stepping down as a department of medicine chairman [3]. Ayurveda, a traditional healthcare system of India is getting global attention for its wide utility and no adverse reaction attitude. The students who are inspired to join in medical colleges and could not get an opening notch a back door entry in to medical practice by joining Ayurveda courses. This is observed from the mushrooming Ayurveda colleges all over India and the schools that provide Ayurveda knowledge in abroad are with insufficient to propagate Ayurveda knowledge but cashing the interest of Ayurveda lovers. Even though the colleges are under vigorous scrutiny and vigilance from governing bodies, the game of educational business is growing national wide.

4

Authors: Amol Kadu, Nitesh Shambharkar, Punam Mohokar

Sthaulya (obesity) is major increasing problem all over the world which is very prevalent in younger generation too. Drugs such as serotonergic & catecholaminergic are used in modern medicine in spite of their side effects. Bariatric surgery, sauna bath which reduces the size of abdomen but it is all transitional. Sthaulya Chikitsa (obesity treatment) is elaborated in ancient text, under the context of Shodhan Chikitsa (body purificatory procedure) and Shaman Chikitsa (Palliative treatment). Shodhan therapy, Vaman/Virechan/Lekhan Basti and Shaman Chikitsa including various Medoghna Aushadhis (Lipid pacifying medicines) are also proven to be effective. All these treatment are considered under Apatarpan Chikitsa (reduction therapy) which has its own importance in reducing obesity. But still the problem persists because of sedentary life style and wrong food habits. If the management of obesity is carried out with Apatarpan Chikitsa along with adopting healthy eating habits such as Jirna-ashan (After digestion of previously consumed food). The result would be much more encouraging with minimal relapse. Charaka emphasizes on Jirnashana as a line of treatment in Santarpanjanya Vyadhi (diseases due to over consumption of food and sedentary life style) including Sthaulya indirectly suggesting that Ajirnashana is one of the important but most neglected cause for the same.

5

Authors: Rohit Gokarn, Dhirajsingh Rajput, Anita Wanjari,Bharat Rathi

Standardization is necessary to maintain batch to batch consistency as well as for repeated preparation of drug on large scale. Modification of ancient dosage forms and development of new dosage forms is a continuous process which has significant contribution in flourishing the science with changing life style and favor of people. Preparation of granules is one of modified form of Ghana (solid preparations of herbal extract) and Khanda Kalpana (solid preparations similar to granules). Shatavari granule is a well known formulation for its beneficial properties such as Stanyajanana (galactagogue), Balya (immuno-modulators), Rasayana (rejuvenator), Amlapittahara (act as antacid in hyperacidity) etc. Present study has elaborated standardization of Shatavari granules. Three batches of Shatavari granules were prepared by adopting reference of Vriddha Vaidya and analyzed as per mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopia of India (API). The average time required for preparation of Shatavari granules was 6.40 hours. A constant heat of 900C-1000C was maintained throughout the procedure. The analytical study revealed average observed values of Loss on drying (at 105 0C), Total ash, Acid Insoluble ash, Alcohol Soluble extractives, Water Soluble extractive, pH, Bulk density and Tap density were 3%, 5.7 %, 0.5%, 25%, 54%, 4.0 (10% aqueous solution), 0.642 gm/ml, 0.810 gm/ml respectively. Particle size of prepared batches was 2 to 4 mm size. Antimicrobial study showed complete absence of any bacterial contamination. Vigilant hygienic care while following every step, temperature for heating and accessing completion stage of procedure are the key points during preparation of Shatavari granules.

5

Authors: Nitesh Shambharkar, Mohan Lal Jaiswal , Awantika Jaiswal

Ayurveda, the main traditional system of Indian subcontinent has two objectives: to maintain healthy status of body and in the event of disease, to bring about healing. This is achieved through a threefold plan i.e. good lifestyle, proper diet and use of drugs whenever needed. In Ayurvedic literature Dravyas (drugs) have been classified on different basis. There are few very useful drugs in compendia which are mentioned as Sarvadoshahara (capable to maintain equilibrium of all three humours). Sarvadoshahara Dravya can be used in many diseases conditions at the same time they are capable of Shodhana (elimination) of Doshas and Prashamana (suppression) of different Vyadhi (diseases). It can be understood that Sarvadoshahara dravyas possesses Antioxident, Immunomodulatory, Anti-bacterial and many pharmacological activities. In the present context Sarvadoshahara dravyas described in Ayurveda has been highlighted with their properties, action and indications substantiated by modern researches.

6

Authors: Meena Shamrao Deogade, KSR Prasad, Sunita V. Magar

Nanotechnology is foreseen to significantly influence science, economy and everyday life in 21st century. Development of new, easy, reliable and eco-friendly technologies helps in endorsing extra interest in the synthesis and application of nanoparticles, which are good and beneficial for mankind. Although, nanoparticles are considered as the discovery of modern science, they actually have a very long history. Ayurvedic metallic preparations, treated with herbal juices or decoction, and exposed for certain quantum of heat as per puta (heating grade) system are known in Indian subcontinent since seventh century AD and widely recommended for treatment of a variety of ailments. Such metallic preparations are known as Bhasma and are recently proved as nanoparticles. Today medicinal plants are commonly utilized for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Herbs have shown the ability to interact with metal ions and reduce them to form metallic nanoparticles. The medicinal plant sources for the synthesis of nanoparticle offers several advantages such as best in cost-effectiveness, non-toxic and eco-friendly agent. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by medicinal plant extracts is currently under exploitation. This synthesis method is more convenient for pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications. Biosynthetic processes of nanoparticles would be more useful, if nanoparticles produced in vitro using plants or their extracts in a controlled method according to their size, shape and dispersity. The utilization of medicinal plants for nanoparticles synthesis is notable alternative in advanced multifaceted approaches.

2

Authors: SRP Kethamakka

Citation is a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage. It makes reference to or refers to for illustration or proof. When we use the term cite we refer to the way that you note the source of your information. The citation is made to prove that your work has a factual basis and to allow your readers to identify and retrieve the references for their own use. It is meant even for avoiding charges of plagiarism and to show the research you've done is fair to reach your conclusions substantially. The traditional Ayurveda has a perfect reference and cross referring methods undertaken by the Samhita commentators, in which they quote the entire passage or state from where the context is covered.

3

Authors: Narayan Bavalatti, Manjusha Rajagopal, Vishwesh B N

Pothaki is a disease manifested at eye lid due to vitiation of Kapha Dosha. It characterized by formation of Rakta Sarshapa or Shweta Sarshapa Sanniba Pidakas at the lid. Its clinical features closely resembles Trachoma which caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. The present survey was done to know the prevalence and severity of disease in the patient attending to the Hospital. The observations reveals that maximum number of patients i.e 55.24% were recorded in the month of March, lacrimation was found in 69.72% of individuals and conjunctival scarring was found in 93.57% of individuals. The present study reveals the prevalence of trachoma in this particular area. Incidence of 55.24 % of patients effected Pothaki was recorded in the month of March which was highest. 82.56% patients were having congestion of tarsal conjunctiva with predominant features like foreign body sensation, lacrimation, and mucoid discharge.

4

Authors: Vidya B. Wasnik, Ashish A. Thatere

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the fine powder of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and Babul (Acacia Arabica) on plaque, gingival index and Oral hygiene index. 60 individuals with mild or moderate gingival score were divides in two groups. Experimental group was given a fine powder of the bark of Neem and Babul taken in equivalent quantity, for Dantadhavana (tooth brushing) twice daily for 30 days, and control group was administered a standard commercial tooth paste for brushing the tooth. All the indices, Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, probing depth of the pocket index debris index and oral hygiene index were assessed before starting the therapy and after the completion of 30 days. Paired 't' test was applied for all the indices. Statistically significant reduction in plaque index, gingival index, debris index, and oral hygiene index was found in experimental group than in control group. Conclude that Neem and Babul bark powder are more effective in maintaining oral hygiene and in gingivitis and thereby preventing other complications like severe Gingivitis or Periodontitis.

4

Authors: Amol Kadu

External Hordeolum (Stye) is the most common diseases of the eye which is routinely reported. In such case, hot fomentation, NSAIDs, eye drops of antibiotics are usually preferred. The present case have been treated with leech therapy where leech was applied upon the inflamed part of eye lid only for once. Although in the management of stye, Raktamokashan is indicated but no reports has been published earlier in such conditions. After leech application, severe pain subsided at the inflamed area instantly. It proposes a good and cost effective approach to minimize the pain instantly with Raktamokshana.

5

Authors: Rohit A.Gokarna, Supriya Gokarn, Shilendra Mishra, Anup Pande

Drug design in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics has always been unique and time tested. Most of the times, literature has led us to consolidated evidence. It is acceptable fact that these medicaments have always been questioned constantly due to presence of heavy metals. Mercury being a major threat among the heavy metals, is being banned from the world. At this juncture its need of the hour to look and generate evidence for its benefits and facts. There are number of studies conducted by various research scholars, which are needed to be reviewed to have a better knowledge and to get confidence in practitioners. A review on mercurial preparations like Kajjali, Parpati and Rasasindura has been done in present study. It was found that ample numbers of studies were taken up regarding their safety, efficacy in experimental models and clinical trials in humans. Mercurial preparations taken up in present study had attained a stable organo-metallic compound form and was found safe for medicinal use in their respective therapeutic dose. Efficacy of these drugs was also established with relevant clinical trials.

6

Authors: Srihari S, Jyothy K B, Lakshmeesh Upadhyay K

Intelligence is the capacity to acquire knowledge, understanding and using it in different novel situations. Children with high level of intellectual power are inevitable for the present competitive era and a healthy childhood is therefore mandatory for expecting a healthy adult life. Shatapushpa (Anethum sowa Kurz) is a simple and easily available drug with its action in various diseased and healthy conditions. Acharya Kashyapa had well praised the drug by indicating it to increase Medha (Intellect), Smruthi (Memory) and to boost the individual Shruthadhara (one who retains what is heard). However no study has been conducted with respect to its efficacy in children, hence the present study was intended. Assessment of Medha and Smruthi as Medham Grahnena (grasping power) and Smruthim Smaranena (retention power) is found in Charaka Samhitha. Based upon this reference Intelligent Quotient (IQ) is taken as the criteria for assessment with the help of Indian adaptation of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 3rd edition. The scale consisted of 5 verbal and 5 performance subtests the entities assessed by them are considered as various functional units of Buddhi, Medha and Smruthi. Study revealed that trial drug Shatapushpa increased verbal (14.64%), performance (13.34%) and overall IQ (13.93%) significantly when compared to placebo after one month of treatment.

2

Authors: SRPKethamakka

The Idea of “Make in India” hit the minds of all groups including investors and intellectuals. The new spirit, drive and directions has fueled the Ayurveda fraternity through dynamic “3D” Prime Minister Shri Narendraji Modi in 2014. The “Made in India” Ayurveda has to be well shaped in forth coming days under the proficient guidance of him and independent responsible minister of AYUSH, Shri Shripad Yesso Naik. For them theAyurveda is a way of life and it can free a person from disease and ensure patient remains healthy.

4

Authors: Rohit Gokarn, Dhiraj Rajput ,P Bedarkar, Galib, BJ Patgiri, PK Prajapati

Safety and efficacy of metallic preparations has always been a concern. There has been timely wakeup calls by various incomplete researches. Although constant efforts have been undertaken by research scholars in various institutes but these were not highlighted due to lack of awareness regarding publications. This is a sensuous endeavor to bring those attempts in front of scientific community. Toxicity of various metallic preparations like Naga Bhasma, Tamra Bhasma etc and some commonly used Kupipakwa preparations that include Sameerapannaga Rasa, Rasamanikya, Rasakarpura and Rasasindhura has been studied to evaluate safety and were found to be safe for clinical use at therapeutic dose.

4

Authors: Shyam L. Bhutada , Sachin G. Khedikar

Ayurveda has a long history of serving humanity for centuries through their intellectual knowledge and experience. As the other sciences grew and developed in 19 century, in this period other health science was relegated to the secondary position. In order to mainstream the practice of traditional and alternative system of medicines in rural community and through various National programs government of India is making endeavors since decades. Multiple laws and Acts were amended for adequate functioning of Governing council and the systems too. CCIM, ISM&H, AYUSH, CCRAS, ICMR, CSIR etc. are also introduced to promote extensive regulations and Researches in Ayurveda. Well known Golden Triangle Initiative (GTP) of AYUSH, CSIR & ICMR is recently functioning to validate Ayurvedic Products. So GOI is taking tremendous endeavor to mainstreamAyurveda in National heath and making it feasible to adopt globally as a medical system.

5

Authors: Santosh M. Doifode, Mohan Lal Jaiswal

Mootrashmari (Urolithiasis) remains a significant health problem in the adult population till date. Ethylene glycol induced hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria model was used to assess the antiurolithiatic activity of Parnabeeja in male albino rats. The serum and histopathological results clearly revealed the antiurolithiatic activity of fresh juice of leaves of Parnabeeja particularly of calcium oxalate origin. The study suggested that Parnabeeja (Bryophyllum pinnata) protects the rats from Mootrashmari induced by ethylene glycol.

5

Authors: Renu Bharat Rathi

Fluorosis is the accumulation of excessive fluorides in the body which produces toxic effects. It is a commonest public problem, endemic in 15 states of India. It causes the enamel to become abnormally porous and weak. It also injures bones and may create anaemia by decreasing red blood cell production as it is difficult to completely cure the effects of dental fluorosis. No detail description has been found in Ayurveda regarding fluorosis which resemble with Shyavdanta in terms of similar causes, features, treatment and prognosis. Hence an attempt has been made to correlate both. This article aims to review the studies conducted on fluorosis with Ayurvedic treatment approach. Shyavdant has Pitta, Vata dominance and is mentioned as incurable by Sushrut when it progresses to whole body. Different modalities for local action like Pratisaran (application), Gandush (oil pulling), Kawal (gargling) to generalized Shodhan(eliminative) procedures, Shamanopchar (curative) medications mentioned for Shyavdant can be used for Fluorosis which starts from teeth and spreads to all over the body. Proper awareness is important to prevent its serious hazards as there is no permanent treatment once manifested in chronic form. It can be concluded on the basis of scientific review that Ayurvedic interventions of Shyavdant can be applied with other treatment modalities to treat endemic fluorosis which needs urgent, economical and effective intervention.

7

Authors: Abhishek Y. Patalia1, Preeti Pandya2

There are ample of collections for effective management of diseases in octapertite Ayurveda. The geometrical rise of demand for indigenous medicines, maintaining quality standards is the need of hour in present era. Absence of reference standards for compound formulations is a hindrance on the way towards standardization. The present study was aimed for experimenting preliminary Pharmacognostical and analytical profile of Triphaladi Avaleha. Study included preparation of Triphaladi Avaleha using pre authenticated raw drugs following all SOPs. Later Triphaladi Avaleha was subjected to Pharmacognostical and physicochemical analysis as per standard protocols. The final observations were systematically observed and recorded. Organoleptic features of Triphaladi Avaleha were within the standard range as per mention in standard texts. pH of 5% aqueous solution of Avaleha observed acidic in nature. Water soluble extractive was 82% w/w while solubility in alcohol was 91.8% w/w. Qualitatively the metabolites like, carbohydrate, steroid, saponin glycoside, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannins & phenolic compounds were found positive. Total sugar was 89.57%. Artificial Invert Sugar test for Honey was negative. Chromatographic evaluation gave a preliminary fingerprint of the formulation with appropriate solvent system in which 7 spots in long UV, 2 in short UV while after spraying 4 spots were observed. This may shows the presence of certain definite constituents in Triphaladi Avaleha. The quality of Triphaladi Avaleha can be ascertained by a cascade of Pharmacognostical and physicochemical screening for the findings in accordance with the observations of the present study. It was found that the formulation meets the required standards of an Avaleha at a preliminary level. The results of this study may be used as the reference standard in further research undertakings of its kind.

8

Authors: Sachin G. Khedikar, Mukund P. Erande

Genetics or genesis is the study of genes, heredity and variation in living organisms. The word genetics is derived from the Ancient Greek word genetikos meaning 'genitive', 'generative' or 'origin'. It intersects frequently with many of the life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems. Modern embryology is greatly advanced in this field and describes each aspect about formation of Embryo & its development as a full term neonate with the help of Karyotyping. But the main objective of Garbhasharir described by Ayurvedic compendia is Suprajanan. And this makes the difference between Ayurved and Modern embryology because modern science only deals with structural teratogenesity of bodily organs while Ayurveda states about Structural, Physical and Mental status of a Foetus after its birth. There are several references of Garbhasharir which are quoted in Brihattrayee and their commentaries as well as in different Ayurveda texts that need to be interpreted in proper way to make them applicable for our science and society too. The concepts of Ayurveda genetic theory are beautifully described in various chapters of Sharirsthana of Samhita. The Abiogenesis described by Sushruta is one of best in Ayurveda literature. Almost all the topics about genesis are explained in Ayurveda compendia, the need is to comprehend this knowledge on the basis of present theory of Genetics.