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Ebola viral disease: a review literature
Authors: Saeed Reza Jamali Moghadam, Negar Omidi, Samaneh Bayrami, Sepideh Jamali Moghadam, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
Number of views: 275
Ebola virus is transmitted to people as a result of direct contact with body fluids containing
virus of an infected patient. The incubation period usually lasts 5 to 7 d and approximately
95% of the patients appear signs within 21 d after exposure. Typical features include fever,
profound weakness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramping, nausea and vomiting for 3-5
days and maybe persisting for up to a week. Laboratory complications including elevated
aminotransferase levels, marked lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia may have occurred.
Hemorrhagic fever occurs in less than half of patients and it takes place most commonly
in the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms progress over the time and patients suffer from
dehydration, stupor, confusion, hypotension, multi-organ failure, leading to fulminant shock
and eventually death. The most general assays used for antibody detection are direct IgG and
IgM ELISAs and IgM capture ELISA. An IgM or rising IgG titer (four-fold) contributes to
strong presumptive diagnosis. Currently neither a licensed vaccine nor an approved treatment
is available for human use. Passive transfer of serum collected from survivors of Junin virus or
Lassa virus, equine IgG product from horses hypervaccinated with Ebola virus, a “cocktail”
of humanized-mouse antibodies (ZMapp), recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor,
activated protein C, RNA-polymerase inhibitors and small interfering RNA nano particles
are among the therapies in development. Preclinical evaluation is also underway for various
vaccine candidates. One is a chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine; other vaccines involve
replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 and recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus.