Journal of community health research

57-58

Authors: Moslem Taheri Soodejani , Mohammad Mohammadi Abnavi , Mohammad Hassan Lotfi

there is no abstract

61-69

Authors: Krishna Kishore.Aligina , Krishna Babu.Goru , Vineela Priyanka.Muppidi, Babji.Korukonda

Introduction: Blood and body fluid spillage continues to be a public health problem, despite, advances in our understanding and control of infections. So, this study was done to compare the knowledge in Spill Management among trained and untrained health care workers based on which measures can be taken to reduce the hazards in hospital. Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study in Teaching Hospital, Kakinada was conducted from September to October 2019 using Semi-structured questionnaire & data was collected from a convenient sampling of 202 Health Care Workers consisting of Interns and Postgraduates, Staff Nurses, Student Nurses and Lab Technicians, Male Nursing Orderlies, Sanitation Staff, and Others divided in to three groups. Data was obtained from those present in duty at that time and who gave consent. Frequency (percentage) and mean (standard deviation) were used to description and Chi square test used for data analysis. All statistical analysis were done in Excel 2016 and SPSS version 20 software and significant level were considered 5%. Results: 86.14% (174) had knowledge about Hand hygiene. Knowledge on discarding used materials in the yellow bin was observed in 77.23% (156) overall. Only 27.23% (55) were aware of proper use of PPEs. The right sequence of steps of Spill Management was mentioned by 16.34% subjects overall. 38.61% (78) received training on Spill Management. Hypochlorite was the most used disinfectant for cleaning the spill, as mentioned by 55.94% (113 out of 202). Only 30.2% (61) told they were aware of “Spill Management kit”, of whom, 62.29% (38 of 61) received training (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Spill management is seen highest among Group 1 compared to Group 2. So, trainings must be conducted on Quarterly basis to update and sustain knowledge level among all groups of health care workers as this is a dynamic group.

82-90

Authors: Abbas Zangiabadi , Armita Shah Esmaili , Seyed Vahid Ahmady Tabatabaei , Ehsan Movahed , Hamideh Shankestani

Introduction: Hypertension is the most important public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with medication adherence of hypertension based on the health belief model. Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. In this study, 403 hypertensive patients in Shahdad and Andoohjerd of Kerman were selected by census method. Data collection tools were a researcher-made questionnaire including the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Moriskyself-report questionnaire. Cronbach alph was 0.9. Mean (SD), Frequency (percentage) used to descriptive statistics and two Independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Binary Logistic Regression were used for data analysis. All statistical analysis were done in SPSS 19 with significant level of 5 %. Results: More than half of the patients (57.1%) had poor medication adherence. Most of the subjects (84.1%) used less than three drugs. Chi square test results showed a significant relationship between drug compliance and age group, education and job results of multiple logistic regression showed, three factors of awareness (OR=1.116, p =0.016), cues to action (OR=0.68, p =0.030) and perceived barriers (OR=0.83, p=<0.001) had significant effect on Medication Adherence . Conclusion: Effective interventions based on the health belief model and with emphasis on raising awareness, practicing guide and removing perceived barriers can increase medication adherence in patients with hypertension

99-106

Authors: Fahimeh Rashidi Maybodi , Masoud Shayeghi

Introduction: The more informed a patient about a treatment, the better the obtained outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the patients regarding dental implants and determine the sources of information and also the accuracy of received information. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 246 participants who had referred to the Department of Dentistry in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran from July 2018 to February 2019, with the age of at least 20 years, were randomly selected. A researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions related to participants' knowledge and attitude regarding dental implants was used. Mean (SD), Frequency (Percentage) were used for description. Independent sample t-test, one way ANOVA test were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by SPSS software Version 23 and p -value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean score of the participants' knowledge on dental implants was 8.08 ± 2.12 out of 12. The primary main source of patients for getting information was friends and acquaintances (32.9%), followed by dentists (26.8%). The level of knowledge was higher in younger (p= 0.001) and educated ones (p= 0.001) and in those who had insurance coverage (p= 0.012). The main reason for not choosing implant treatment in 58.9% of participants was high costs. There was no relationship between gender (p =0.55) and monthly income of patients (p= 0.09) with their level of knowledge. Conclusion: The results revealed that knowledge level of the participants about durability of implants, was low; Therefore, it seems necessary to improve the level of information of participants and to correct their information sources.

117-125

Authors: Azam Alizadeh , Parvaneh Danesh , Amir Maleki , Fatemeh Javaheri

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases which causes other chronic diseases. The incidence of it is increasing in different societies, including Iran. This study aimed to investigate Gender differences in incidence of type 2 diabetes and related psychosocial factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 among people with the age group of 20 to 60. All the 600 participants were married and lived in Kerman. Using multi-stage sampling, 300 men and 300 women were selected. Data were collected through a questionnaire which included 3 sections as follows: Social demographic variables, healthy lifestyle variable and perceived stress variable. Statistical analysis was done through descriptive statistics, Lambda test, Independent sample T -test and Binary Logistic regression. The SPSS 23 was used to perform the data analysis. The significance level was considered to be 5% Results: The mean (SD) score of physical activity for women was significantly lower than men: (7.6 (2.3) vs. 8.2 (2.7) (P=0.006) ). In the same vein, the mean (SD) score of healthy diet among women was significantly higher than men: (18.6 (3) vs. 18 (2.4),( P<0.001) ). The rate of avoidance of tobacco and alcohol consumption among women was significantly higher than men: (19.4 (1.3) vs. 17.9 (2.6),( P<0.001) ). Results of multiple logistic regression showed that in the group of women, the chance of developing diabetes was significantly related to perceived stress level (OR=1.21), level of sports activities OR=0.48) (and education. Education level and health diet also had a significant effect on men's odds of developing diabetes (OR=0.63, 1.35, respectively). Conclusion: Among the indicators of healthy lifestyle, doing exercise in women and having a healthy diet in men were effective in predicting the risk of diabetes. In addition, the amount of perceived social stress was one of the most important psychological factors in the development of diabetes just in women. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the factors affecting diabetes in both men and women separately and This can be an appropriate analytical instrument for sociologists and health researchers to recognize and focus on this problem as well as for health policy makers to reduce and control harmful factors.

137-141

Authors: Moslem Taheri Soodejani 1 , Saeed Hosseini 1,2, Reyhane Sefidkar 1, Farzan Madadizadeh 1, Hossein Fallahzadeh ,Ahmad Dehghan , Neda Dehghani Tafti , Mohammad Hassan Lotfi

Introduction: The World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 disease (COVID-19) a pandemic situation. The main aim of this study was investigating mortality of COVID-19 by considering chronic diseases. methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional in which all confirmed cases were examined. The variables considered in this study were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, cancers, hypertension, heart diseases, kidney diseases, and liver diseases. Independent sample t test, Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. All statistical analysis was done in SPSS 16 and significant level was set at 0.05. Results: Out of 22849 PCR and CT scan tests, 16061 were positive. According to the confirmed cases, prevalence of COVID-19 was calculated about 0.019. Also hospital case fatality rate and mortality rate were calculated 156 and about 8.2 per 100000 respectively. Hypertension, and age had significant relationship with morbidity of COVID-19, in other hand, age (OR: 4.51, p<0.001), kidney diseases (OR: 1.84, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.31, p<0.001), cancer (OR: 2.73, p<0.001), liver diseases (OR: 2.27, p<0.001) had impact on mortality of covid-19. Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) showed the most fraction of death was due to diabetes mellitus, cancers, kidney diseases, and liver diseases. Conclusion: Age and some underlying diseases increase odds of death due to COVID-19. It seems that preventing high-risk people from being infected is an effective solution to reduce COVID-19 death rate. To do this, health protocols need to be implemented more seriously for these sensitive groups.