Journal of community health research

183-184

Authors: Ameneh Marzban

There is no abstract

195-204

Authors: Reza Jafari Nodoushan,Vidasadat Anoosheh ,Mahdieh Shafiezadeh Bafghi ,Mohammad Ali Barzegari ,Ali Jafari ,Hojat Damiri ,Azam Hosseini Hanzaei .

Introduction: Due to the important role of the mothers in the families, identifying their early maladaptive schema can help us identify the problems that lead to unhealthy life education and provide the necessary and appropriate training programs to improve them. This study uses group training to reform schema in improving mothers' individual and social mental health who consulted the social damage prevention center. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of reforming schema on a mothers' problems. Methods: In this study, the quasi-experimental method was used. The study population was all the mothers who had parenting problems in the last two years and have consulted the social damage prevention center. Nonrandom sampling was used for our statistical census. Therefore, 100 mothers at hand were selected nonrandomly, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was conducted on them as a pre-test. Then, 24 mothers who obtained the lowest scores were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, in each of which there were 12 participants. The experimental group received training in 10 sections for 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. Afterward, a post-test was conducted for each group, and the results of the two groups were compared. Results: A covariance analysis test was used to test the hyper hypotheses. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the individual's mental health and social mental health variables (p < 0.001). Thus, hypotheses 1 and 2 were approved in our study. In other words, the comparison of the average in two variables after the post-test of experimental and control groups showed that mothers trained according to reforming schem, had better social and mental health. With approximately 90%, it can be said that the training based on reforming schema effectively increases the social and individual health of the mothers challenging with parenting problems.

218-225

Authors: Hamideh Iri , Behnam Makvandi , Saeed Bakhtiarpour , Fariba Hafezi.

Introduction: Hypochondriasis is a psychological disorder that affects divorced women's quality of life and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on hypochondria and cognitive emotion regulation among divorced Women in Tehran. Methods: The method was experimental with a pre-test, post-test design, and a control group. In the present study, the research population includes divorced women who have been affected by divorce-related psychological problems and were referred to Tehran consultation centers in 2018. In this study, The sample consisted of 30 divorced women selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n= 15 each). The research tools included the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The ACT intervention was performed on the experimental group for ten 90-minute sessions. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Levene's test, Shapiro-Wilk test, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the data. The significance level of the study was considered to be α=0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of hypochondria post-test scores in the experimental and control groups were 35.13±1.92 and 37.33±3.07, respectively. The results indicated that ACT decreased hypochondria in the women (P=0.04). Also, the intervention effectively increased positive emotion regulation in the women (P=0.01). Conclusion: In addition to decreasing anxiety and increasing emotion regulation ability under difficult situations, ACT can increase social and psychological adaptability. Also, ACT can effectively decrease interactive and stress and anxiety in divorced women

235-242

Authors: Zaeema Ahmer, Aisha Siddiqui

Introduction Injuries sustained during Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) amounts to a serious public health crisis. The aim of the study was to determine the body parts most likely affected in an RTA in patients brought to Accident and Emergency (A&E) department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), the largest tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in January-March 2019 among 371 respondents aged 15-65 years. Study participants were recruited through non-probability convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic variables and type, severity and nature of injury. Chi Square test was used to determine the significant difference between using safety precautions with body parts affected. All analysis was performed on SPSS version 20. Results Out of 371 study participants, 64.4% (n=239) were between 15-35 years with 91.9% (n=338) males. In 77.1% (n=286) cases, emergency medical services responded in less than one hour and first aid was provided by doctor to 95.7% (n=355) at hospital. In 82.5% (n=306) cases, private vehicles were involved, with 46.1% (n=171) motorcycles. In 79.8% (n=296) cases, bone injury was prevalent, with 57.1% (n=212) leg injuries, which was the most frequently affected body part. Majority, 56.2% of the study participants who did not wear seat belts had chest area affected (p=0.006). Conclusion It is concluded that males of 15-35 years who were motorcyclists were more prone to RTAs with lower limbs more frequently being affected. Safety precautions like wearing seatbelts provide protection against RTAs

251-236

Authors: Afsaneh Fallahi , Leila Riahi , Aniseh Nikravan

Objective: Falls are the main cause of injuries and death among the elderly and lead to using medical services. This study aimed to assess the effect of falls on medical costs among elderly inpatients. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was done in a public hospital (heart center) in Qazvin, Iran. In this study, 79 medical records of the elderly who had experienced in-hospital falls and 79 medical records in control group with similar characteristics who had not experienced in- hospital falls during 2016-2019. The data, including the elderly age, sex, fall characteristics, and all hospital costs related to falls were gathered from hospital accident forms, medical records, nursing reports, and official data banks. The overall costs of services provided for fallen elderly were compared with the control group. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22, using Chi-square and paired sample t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total cost of all services provided for the elderly during their hospitalization was 106.596$ (base year: 2019, $1=42500 IRR), of this amount 8.600$ (8.06%) was related to the services due to in-hospital falls. The highest costs were related to treatment services (40%), diagnostic services (33%), visits (21%) and consultation (6%). The difference between the case and control groups was 7.310$. The elderly falls significantly increased medical costs by 8.06% (P≤0.01). Conclusions: Even falls that do not lead to serious injuries waste medical services and increase hospital costs by making changes in treatment methods and increasing the length of hospital stay

270-280

Authors: Ahad Heydari , Saeed Fallah-Aliabadi , Peymaneh Habibi

Introduction: So far, the so many people has been infected by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the worldwide and almost all the countries have reported infected and death cases. Some studies have shown that coronaviruses are sensitive to air temperature and in warm temperature the rate of spread decreases. This study aimed to review the literature whether or not the temperature can affect the spread rate of COVID-19. Methods: In this study, three main scientific electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and also Scholar Google were searched on April 14, 2020 to find relevant studies on COVID-19 and its spread in different ambient temperature. Results: Totally 588 articles were found for screening and 27 articles were selected for data extraction. The result of some of these studies showed that weather variations can affect transmission of coronavirus. Low temperature and low humidity may be essential factors for survival of coronaviruses. A temperature of 4°C is ideal for the life of this virus and it may be sensitive to 70°C temperature. The increase in temperature of stainless steel, wood, fabrics, and metal can eliminate and remove coronaviruses according to the findings of some of these reviewed articles. Conclusion: This review study failed to precisely report the effect of temperature or humidity to stop the virus from spreading and transmitting. It is required to conduct more studies in this regard to introduce the exact pattern of transmission by examining the conditions of virus transmission in different climatic conditions.