Journal of community health research

253-260

Authors: Ali Dadbinpour, Ali Mohammad Haghdoust, Mohammad Bagher Movahedi, Azam Rasti

Abstract Introduction: Viral hepatitis is one of the causes of premature death in world peoples, according to WHO reports, five percentage of people are carrier, lethal from this disease is 1%, therefore about 1-1.5 million people each year die from complications of this disease. This disease varies from an acute to chronic illness. The aim of this study was to determine the level of anti-HBs Ag (hepatitis B surface antigen) in vaccinated children that born in Abarkouh city in 1992 in order to evaluation of the efficacy childhood hepatitis B vaccination in adults . Materials and Methods: We measured anti-HBs Ag concentration in blood sera of 102 adult peoples than 600 new born children that vaccinated in 1992. Five milliliters (5ml) of blood sample was taken from 102 cases (33 male and 69 female). Results: All blood samples were analyzed for anti-HBs Ag by ELISA method. 94 out of 102 samples (92.2%) showed anti-HBs Ag concentrations higher than 30 Iu/ml (positive) and, 4 out of 102 samples (3.9%) showed anti-HBs Ag concentrations less than 10 Iu/ml (negative), 4 out of 102 samples (3.9%) showed anti-HBs Ag concentrations between 10-30 Iu/ml (border line) considered immune after 20 year after the third dose of the vaccination. Non significant association in males and females (93.9% vs.97.1%) (P=0.390, df= 1, (2=.0.555) Conclusion: our results reinforce the importance of hepatitis B vaccine in new born and efficacy of HBV vaccination in Abarkuh (Yazd province) is in the WHO standards. Keywords: Hepatitis B Vaccine, Children, Anti-HBs Ag

267-275

Authors: Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian, Jalal Sadeghizadeh, Mahboobeh Mootab, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush, Bahador Hajimohammadi, Hossein Fallahzadeh, Arefeh Dehghani Tafti, Mahboobeh Dehvari

Abstract Introduction: Food safety and health should be considered at all stages from production to consumption. Inappropriate sanitary status of the food production, distribution and shopping centers cause food-borne diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental health indicators of halva and tahini production centers in Ardakan, Yazd; 2013. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross- sectional study. For data collection, we used a 5-part checklist, which consisted of raw materials store, production processing halls, packaging halls, product store and bathrooms. This tool was prepared according to the Iranian Ministry of Health regulations. We have completed all the checklists throughout inspections from 16 production centers during the winter of 2013. Finally, the collected data was analyzed by SPSS, version 18. Results: Generally, 75% of production centers had favorable hygienic status, while 25% of them were slightly favorable. According to the obtained results, hygienic status of production centers had relatively favorable conditions and only in January and February, 31.3% and 18.8% of the processing halls and 12.5% of the product stores were in a very favorable hygienic status. The results showed that 62.5% of production centers had favorable status in raw materials store, 66.66% in production processing hall, 20.83% in packaging hall, 60.41% in product store and 37.5% in bathrooms. Statistical analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between hygienic status and production rate (p=0.411). Conclusion: The results showed that halva and tahini production centers of Ardakan in terms of environmental health indicators had slightly favorable to favorable status. Therefore, the situations should be improved to satisfactory status. Keywords: Environment health, Halva and Tahini production centers

286-292

Authors: Abbas Hosseini, Masoumeh Fasih Zaban

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this article is to determine the contribution of absorbed dose rate, Radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, annual gonad dose equivalent and annual effective dose equivalent of soil in soil pollution. Materials and Methods: The soil was chosen as a site for studying radiation doses. Soil samples were collected from twelve and thirteen sites in western and eastern sites respectively in the region and then dried. Then After that, the soil samples from twelve and thirteen sites in east and west were mixed separately to make one big group of soil sample. The measurement of Radionuclide concentration in soil samples was made by gamma spectrometer. Results: The natural radioactivity doses of soil in the studied samples resulted in 42.92 ±4.03 nGy h-1 (average absorbed dose rate), 86.79±8.26 Raeq per Bqkg-1 (radium equivalent activity), 8231.86±327.76 (the external hazard index), and 322.9±31.6 ÏSvh-1 (the annual gonad dose equivalent) and193.15ÏSvh-1 (the annual effective dose equivalent). The results of the study were also compared with the international recommended values and radioactivity measurements in soils of different countries. Conclusion: The contribution of natural radioactivity in the area was low, in comparison with ICRP was low. Keywords: Radio nuclides, Radiation, Pollutions, Radioactive material, Soil

302-308

Authors: Hamideh Zare Mangabady, Sadrellah Khosravi, Ali Jafari Nodoushan, Abolfazl Azadnia, Reza Jafari Nodoushan

Abstract Introduction: Motivational interviewing techniques can be used to manipulate and boost patients' good behavior in order to achieve better health behavior changes. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental research, compares pre-test and post-test by a control group. The statistics obtained from the population include all individuals associated with drug addiction treatment centers in the city of Yazd, using purposive sampling methods. Therefore, 40 patients in methadone treatment were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups, and then, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale was used. Six 90-minute sessions of motivational interviewing program were administered to the experimental group. At the end of the training period, both groups were assessed again. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: T-test results showed that impulsivity of the experimental and control groups have a significant difference. Conclusion: It concluded that group motivational interviewing on drug addiction reduction and impulsivity is highly effective on drug-dependent individuals. Keywords: motivational interviewing, impulsivity, methadone treatment