EMINAK

5-13

Authors: Sаpоzhnyкоv Igоr

The article is devoted to the localization of the medieval commercial port Mavrokastron (Monkastro) and the Ottoman fortress (castle) Bogaz-Konman. Based on a number of cartographic and written sources and author came to the conclusion that they are both related to the Constantinople strait of the Dniester Estuary. They existed from the end of the ХІІІ – to the end of the XVIIIІ centuries, having changed the name around 1484, due to the seizure of the province by the Turks. This seaport was located 20-21 km from the city and the fortress Belgorod – Asprokastron – Akkerman. Its emergence and functioning were due to the fact that large merchant ships (navs, galleys, etc.) could not rise higher in the estuary due to its insufficient depth.

19-23

Authors: Lysenko Vitaly

In this paper, the idea bases of an interpretation of the Polish messianic vision of Galicia’s «polishness» are proved. Under conditions of modern creation of a nation, the Polish formulated political conceptions about the territory of the Commonwealth of Poland, which should be revived with the armed struggle and cooperation with the metropolitan country (Austria-Hungary). The author stresses that Galicia was viewed in this statement as a national bridgehead before the activation of the mentioned ideas. Especially after finishing of «Bach’s reaction» in the Habsburg Empire, the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria became the «Polish Piedmont», that is the centre of national revival. Under conditions of emperor Franz Joseph I liberal policy, the Polish statesmen actively inculcated the idea of Galicia’s «polishness». However, the author states, the given events caused the appearance of deep-rooted contradictions between the Polish and the Ukrainians in Galicia, which were characterized with their antagonism even before that. All these circumstances created a unique situation. Galicia, which was always the centre of Ukrainian-Polish interethnic conflicts, became the centre of Ukrainian as well as Polish national revival, which caused interethnic conflicts and fratricidal war at a later date. The Polish politicians, annihilating national interests of Galicia’s Ukrainians, were creating ideological foundations of a messianic conception of «Poland from the sea to the sea», giving one of the leading roles in it to Galicia. The author states Galicia’s role in the Polish messianic vision is one of the main, which, after that, became the basis of conception of Eastern Borderlands (Eastern Kresy) of the Commonwealth of Poland on the boundary the XIX-XX centuries by R. Dmowski and J. Pilsudski, who considered this territory as the part of Greater Poland. In fact, the ideologists of Polish messianism mentioned above fully formulated and theoretically proved Galicia’s belonging to the future Polish state. We find it reasonable to reveal, in the sequel, the peculiarities of practical realization of the mentioned scholar statement in 1918-1921.

30-35

Authors: Tuluş Arthur

The study intends to analyse the situation of the Eastern Slavs from Southern Bessarabia, the geographical area that overlapped the interwar counties of Ismail (Izmail) and Cetatea-Albă (Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi). In the category we name as Eastern Slavs enter Velico-Russians (the Orthodox Russian ethnics and the Lippovan’ subgroup) and Mallo-Russians (Ukrainians). The study endeavours to capture and to understand the relationship between the Romanian State and the named ethnic groups, perceptions and identity constructions, stereotypes and prejudices of the time, in the context of Bessarabia being considered by the Romanian authorities as the frontline in battling the Bolshevik threat

41-46

Authors: Tkhorzhevska Tetiana

The article is devoted to the problem of the variability of ethnic stereotypes as one of the examples of constructing identity. A similar analysis was made possible by comparing the results of two studies – 2006-2007 and 2016-2017 conducted among Odesa students. Methods of projective drawing, open question and ranking of ethnic groups (Bogardus scale) were used. As a result of the research, it became possible to find out that the idea of a «typical Ukrainian» in Odessa students has changed significantly. In particular, we can talk about a significant reduction in the «image of a rural man» in the pictures, which was characteristic of the first of these studies. In addition, the image of a Ukrainian has got rid of negative rice. There was also the disappearance of fat as a marker of self-awareness. Consequently, there was a rapprochement between «the image of a Ukrainian/Ukrainian» and «an image of me». It is worth noting that awareness of oneself as a member of a social, cultural or ethnic group always takes place in opposition to another. The marker of «championship» and «incomprehensibility» to some extent became an image of a Russian. This is evidenced by the appearance in this image of such elements as «bears», «balalaika». An important result is that the image of Ukrainians has become more consistent, unlike the regional images of «Ukrainians of the East» and «Ukrainians of the West».

52-56

Authors: Moiseeva Tatyana

The article analyzes the steps of the state power of the Russian Empire to develop a mechanism for regulating prostitution, in particular – the legalization of houses of depravity, attempts to regulate the age of «corrupt» women. The general situation of the incidence rate of syphilis, which began to recruit the nature of the pandemic, as evidenced by the figures presented, is considered. The ways and causes of the infection and spread of sexually transmitted diseases are detailed. Conditionally, they can be divided into general (inherent in one or another degree, all localities) and separate – (common in certain regions). Among the common ways, the largest number of infections and extreme danger was the so-called secret prostitution, which was not subject to any accounting or control. It gained enormous distribution, was recorded in all provinces. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the spread of syphilis in the countryside. The absence of a common view of the factor of «legal prostitution» as a fence of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases has been demonstrated. The measures for the organization of hospital and police control over prostitution and sexually transmitted diseases are described. In particular, the process of creating the hospital-police committees is highlighted. The methods of monitoring prostitution and hospital-policing measures among other categories of the population are outlined in their activity.

62-66

Authors: Zaiets Elena

The article is about Vydubytskyi monastery’s library and its history today, including the availability of books in different parts of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine after according to catalogues and descriptions, which were made on the eve of 1917. In a case of closing Vydubytskyi monastery in 1925, Fedor Morozov, the collaborator of All-nation Library, had been transferred it in Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. United with Pechersk Library it was carried in composition of All-nation library’s funds in 1935, at Podol district. Due to the absence of any signs of a single collection, the library was divided between departments of old printed publications, manuscripts, library collections, foreign literature, and the exchange-reserve fund. Only thanks to the excursion of the students Peretz in 1915, which was compiled a detailed catalogue of old printed books describing all the margins and peculiarities of bindings, it is now possible to find a library in the library of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernadskyi. The trusted catalogue of the Vydubytsky monastery library is currently in the department of historical collections of the Institute of Book Science of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine.

73-79

Authors: Hordiienko Dmytro

The article analyzes the publications of the «Trident» magazine devoted to the figure of Kyivan Prince Volodymyr the Great. The magazine was founded by Simon Petliura and was an informal organ of the Government of the UPR on the emigration. The main task of the magazine was first of all to solve the urgent political tasks of emigration and to inform about the situation in Ukraine, which was occupied by the Russian Bolsheviks. The editorial board attached a great importance to historical publications that had the task of educating the Ukrainian identity among the emigrants. The editorial board emphasized on the continuity of the modern Ukrainian state from the Kyiv state of St. Volodymyr. Regarding the figure of the prince, the main emphasis was placed on his work on the introduction of Christianity in Ukraine and on the spread of European culture. Accordingly, the bulk of these articles were published in 1938, when the emigration celebrated the 950 years of Christianization of Ukraine. Among the authors who dedicated their articles to Volodymyr were archpriest Hilarion Brindzan, publicists M. Slavinsky, Y. Lypa, B. Olkhivsky, the director of the Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Warsaw O. Lototsky and a number of others. This is similar to other publications, the materials of the Volodymyr cycle clearly state the idea of Ukraine as a country of European, even Western European civilization. According to the vision of the authors of the «Trident», this celebration of the Ukrainian baptismal jubilee was to testify to the ecumenical and political unity of Ukrainians, not only in emigration, but in Ukraine occupied by Russia. The magazine also informed about the solemn events dedicated to the anniversary of the baptism of Ukraine. Among these activities was the creation of the Hymn of St. Volodymyr’s, as well as the emission of a jubilee postage stamp with the portrait of Prince Volodymyr. The «Trident» publications give an opportunity to take a fresh look at Ukrainian history, in this case – at the history of Ukrainian medieval time.

87-91

Authors: Nefyodov Dmytro

The article analyzes the Soviet historiography of the second half of the 1960s – early 1980s as for the issue of training and professional development of Ukrainian SSR post-war working class (1946-1965). Studying the sources and forms of new entrants of working class, young staff training and professional development, Soviet researchers found heterogeneity of their value during different time segments. Thus, during the fourth and fifth five-year plans the main sources of working class new entrants were represented by collective farmers, pupils of secondary schools, the working-age population engaged in private household and plots, disabled people not totally incapacitated, personnel redundant from administrative and managerial establishments, demobilized soldiers, members of industrial cooperation. To attract workers in production at that time they used such forms of working class new entrants as public call-up, organized recruitment, labour reserves and recruitment of workers by companies. At the same time it is indicated that the sources and forms of working class new entrants changed considerably during the second post-war decade, decline of the role of «external» sources and increase of the ratio of new entrants from the working environment took place. According to Soviet experts, this trend significantly enhanced the social homogeneity of the working class promoting the development of its qualitative composition.

98-102

Authors: Kutsenko Serhii

The article deals with some methods to improve efficiency for implementation of educational-and-upbringing function of museums in terms of society globalization and informatization that is the subject of research of museum pedagogy. Realization of clarifying, educational, upbringing and popularizing functions of the museum requires a certain communicative space or environment that provides interaction of the subjects in the form of information exchange between them. Spreading of multimedia and networking technologies in recent decades made it possible to transform museum communication environment by transferring it from closed space of a museum hall into virtual space. Several hundred of Ukrainian museum sites which differ from each other by structure and material presentation are operating in the Internet space nowadays. Representation of the museum in the Internet allows opening free access to the objects of historical-and-cultural heritage for the mass audience. Museum sites have high visiting rating: they are a channel for spreading information about cultural values; they promote personal development of a personality, help to attract attention of a young generation «trained» in the Internet to study the history of a native land. Museum site is regarded as «a technology of noncontact information exchange of a visitor with museum environment and as a powerful information resource for implementation of educational and clarifying functions of museums». Representation of a museum in the World Wide Web allows opening access to a new, very perspective and global channel for receiving (study, analysis), selling (advertisement, promotion, presentation) and exchanging (coordination) of information which operates without a break and provides the widest geographical scope and the ability to perform bilateral and multilateral professional communications, the ability to form a broad target audience, to intensify integration in domestic and global museum community.

108-112

Authors: Salata Halyna

The article is devoted to highlighting the contribution of P. Kamentsev in the development of structural mechanics and bridge construction. Huge popularity got his projects of floating and brazed scaffolding for the restoration of blown runs of numerous bridges over the river Volga. In extremely difficult circumstances, Petro Kamentsev worked on rebuilding bridges near Kazan, Kuibyshev (Samara) and Syzran. He was a consultant on the reconstruction of the tower V. Shukhov and ceilings «Bolshoi Theater» in Moscow in the 1921-1932's. Petro Kamentsev still considered one of the foremost specialists who worked with the use of wood in construction. He made a large number of research projects, designed and built a number of structures using wood. Under his leadership, developed all editions uniform standards of building design with wooden structures. His attention didn’t skip to the design of metal, concrete and masonry structures. One of the first in the former USSR he introduced a new training course «Engineering wooden structures». P. Kamentsev headed the department «Building construction» of Moscow Institute of Railway Engineers from 1921 to 1937. At this time he became a prominent expert in the field of building construction and restoration of buildings

118-123

Authors: Suhoterina Lyubov,

In 13th August, 2017 it is marks the 70th anniversary of the birth of the famous Ukrainian historian of science and technology, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Ecology and Life Safety of the State Economics and Technology University of Transport of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine of Oleg Pylypchuk. O. Pylypchuk was the first in Ukraine who defended the doctoral dissertation on the history of science and technology. In the article it is viewed the scientific-organizational, scientific-pedagogical and scientific-educational activity of the scientist, highlighted the main stages of scientific activity, analyzed the scientific potential, concluded the formation of the scientific school of Professor O. Pylypchuk in the field of the history of science and technology. Professor O. Pylypchuk is the author and co-author of more than 400 scientific works and 48 monographs, including 5 monographs. Oleg Pylypchuk’s sphere of scientific interests includes a wide range of issues in the fields of education, science and technology, in particular biology, zoology, advanced environmental technologies, safety of life, labour protection and civil defence in railway transport. But a special place in the scientific work of Professor O. Pylypchuk belongs to the study of the problems of the history of science and technology in general and the history of the development of railway transport and the history of biology in particular. He is the founder of a new area of research in the Ukrainian history of science and technology – the history of the development of railway transport. Oleg Pylypchuk developed and substantiated a scheme for analyzing the activities of scientific societies, a model of a modern scientific biography of a scientist, a new approach to the development of transport ecology problems. He prepared 4 Doctors and 25 Candidates of historical sciences.

132-137

Authors: Koval Hennadiy

In the article we investigated the activity of the simplified Berezivka city board in the sphere of the trade and manufacturing in XIX – 1917. There are three lists of Berezivka city statistics: factories, plants, manufacturing and private Institutes in 1899; profits and expenses in 1899 and 1901; state layout of real estate taxes in 1898, 1899, 1904 – the quantity, his quality and sums, percent from the rate of the ruble. There are quantity of population and its grows in different years and there are names of the people, who were heads of the simplified City Board. It was interesting to know the critical attitude of unknown authors to the life in Berezivka in 1901; attitude of the population in social, sanitary and food sphere to the administration, prices, difficult material and moral statement of the majority of the population. People were waiting some changes from the Board. It is the list of industries, commercial establishments of Berezivka in 1912. It was marked that prerevolutionary Berezivka was one of the commercial centers in Kherson oblast with Troitsk fair before the WWI with about 100 commercial and industries and with the population 7,6 thousand people. We have given detailed estimate of the city on the border of 1917 and different considered questions at the Council. Especially important question was the question about providing the population of the city with food, and specially bread, about opening local bread bakery, forbidding the food exporting, all of this was difficult and connected with many institutions and organizations. All of these processes in the life of Berezivka and its habitants were made on the example of the deep changes in Russian Empire – WWI, revolutions, deep changes in society, people households.