International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

Number 4, 2019

111-117
Incidence of acute coronary syndrome between men and women: Integrative review

Authors: Kaiomakx Renato Assunção Ribeiro, André Rodrigues dos Santos, Rachel Iglesias Teodoro dos Santos, Lorena Suquyama Lelis, Thales Antônio Martins Soares, Widney de Castro Baião, Daniella Valença Daher, Edivalda Pereira de Abreu and Fernanda Alves Ferreira Gonçalves

Abstract

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The objective of this study is to analyze the difference between the male and female genders regarding the number of cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This is an integrative literature review study, in which articles were searched in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, SCIELO, BDENF. The articles were published between the years 2006 and 2018. Initially, 502 studies were found, 17 of which were selected to compose this research. Studies in general have pointed to a high incidence of ACS/AMI in males, however, a linear increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in females has been observed in recent years. And that the factors associated with the appearance are hypertension, smoking, alcoholism, sedentary lifestyle and obesity, among others. In conclusion, the incidence of patients with ACS/AMI every year has been a major challenge for health institutions and health professionals. The gender most affected by these diseases is the male gender; however, the increase in new cases in women has increased linearly in recent years.

118-124
Prevalence of congenital anomalies in Sudanese fetuses: A prospective study

Authors: Mahmoud S. Babiker and Elabbas Osman Hag Ahmed

Abstract

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Congenital anomalies (CAs) are important causes of infant and childhood deaths, chronic illness and disability. The objective of this study was to provide a new detail regarding the prevalence of CAs in Sudanese fetuses and to investigate the association between these anomalies with fetal weight and/ or maternal disorders. During the period February 2018 to November 2019, a descriptive prospective study was conducted at the ultrasound unit (U/S), Omdurman Maternity Teaching Hospital, Sudan. Inclusion criteria include any fetus with features of intrauterine fetal anomaly. Mindery D-C6 U/S system with a 3.5 MHz convex transducer was used. Five thousand two hundred and eighty pregnant women underwent routine U/S scanning through a standard protocol. CAs were noted in 39 fetuses (0.738%) among the studied population. 28.2% of the detected CAs were noted in diabetic and hypertensive women. The major CAs were the central nervous system (CNS) followed by the renal system, skeletal, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT). A significant statistical association between the types of CAs and fetal weight was observed (p= 0.03). In conclusion, the prevalence of CAs in Sudanese fetuses is < 1.0%. The CAs were more prevalent in diabetic than hypertensive women. CAs and fetal weight were significantly associated. The CNS anomalies were common CAs. Further studies regarding the CAs in Sudanese fetuses were recommended.