Socio-Economic Research Bulletin

21-32

Authors: Vasylchenko Kyrylo

The article analyzes some components of the shadow economy using the example of modern Ukraine. The purpose of article is to predict the behavior of the economically active population when choosing an employment option using an agent-based simulation model. The work uses the methods of theoretical generalization, retrospective analysis – to study the theoretical aspects of socio-economic relations at the enterprise; system analysis, agent-based modeling – to develop a decision-making model in the labor market. The proposed algorithm of taxpayer behavior is based on studies of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of shadow economy and informal employment. Particular attention is paid to the national economic mentality as an important factor which determines the trajectory of the country’s development. As a substantiation of the subject’s behavior on the labor market, it is proposed to use the model of decision-making by a taxpayer, developed by M. Ellingham. When constructing an algorithm for the behavior of an employee, the demographic situation in Ukraine, the causes and consequences of labor migration, and the mental characteristics of the population were analyzed. The novelty of the proposed model lies in the fact that it takes into account the dependence of the taxpayer’s utility curve on the taxpayer’s age. The developed model was applied to forecasting of the demographic situation in Ukraine, and to estimation of the population participation in the informal economy sector.

27-45

Authors: Orji Anthony, Ogbuabor Jonathan E., Iwuagwu Chikaodinaka, Anthony-Orji Onyinye I.

The concern about population growth in many developing countries has become a burning issue in the literature. Furthermore, many divergent views exist on whether increasing population is useful or harmful to growth in the economy. This study therefore, analysed the impact of population increase on economic growth in Nigeria, as an Africa’s most populous country. The study employed time series data from 1985–2018 using the framework of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. The findings of this study revealed that the population growth of the economy supports economic growth both in the short and long term. However, it may become explosive in the long run if vital measures are not taken to control it. Since population increase has a huge impact on economic growth, the government should take steps to ensure that the population continues to increase the country’s growth trajectory by equipping the workforce with the appropriate skills. Therefore, to enhance sustainable development, the study proposes to formulate an effective government policy in order to ensure the growing labour force with jobs and modern qualification skills in accordance with the requirements of the labor market and increasing the country’s GDP. Also, there is need to formulate effective financial policies and support competitive interest rates in order to improve the economy’s savings rate. Effective monitoring of the economy’s capital-output ratio should ensure its increase in GDP, and the prohibition of effective state policy should be enacted to maintain stable and non-escalating population growth rate.

62-71

Authors: Heiko Tetiana

The article considers the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, as the most important factor of medium- and long-term changes, on the development of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine. It is clarified that due to the introduction of forced measures to limit certain activities related to quarantine, an entrepreneurship sector suffers the greatest losses, which plays a crucial role in the accumulation of crisis processes in the economy, including the pre-default state of business entities. It is substantiated that the lack of adaptive state support in Ukraine can lead to a reduction of almost a third of gross value added, employment and tax revenues from this segment. Based on the systematization of risks, trends in the global business environment development and other structural changes related to quarantine restrictions, new priorities of business strategies and directions of state support for entrepreneurship sector have been determined. The object of the study is a small and medium business development in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post-quarantine period. The purpose of the study is the priorities of development and support of entrepreneurship determining in Ukraine for recovery accelerating in the context of the coronary crisis. The research methodology involves the use of empirical research methods (observation, comparison and description), theoretical knowledge (formalization) and general research methods (analysis, systematic approach, statistical methods). The practical results of the study include the current priorities for support and development of entrepreneurship identification in the context of the coronary crisis. The article proposes to reduce government interference in the activities of economic entities, to ensure a systematic reduction of corruption behavior in connection with an expansion of state support at the beginning of the crisis, increase the accessibility of SMEs to financing, expand the opportunities for foreign economic activity, and accelerate digital transformations.

84-93

Authors: Syrchyn Oleksandr

The article proposes a scientific and practical approach to the formation of a strategy for the commercial bank activities in modern conditions. The information base of the article was the results of a study of modern scientists and statistical data of the NBU. It is determined that the reason for the existence of the bank’s strategy is its mission. As a result of the study, it was substantiated that the main elements of the strategy are the strategic vision, strategic planning and action strategy of the bank. The definition of the bank’s strategy is formulated. Approaches to the formation of the bank’s strategies have been substantiated: traditional, competitive, integrative and external. It is determined that the bank’s share in the banking services market at a certain level of profitability is the universal strategic goal of the bank’s activities. Consequently, there are only three universal strategies for the bank’s actions: an aggressive growth strategy, a moderate growth strategy, and a conservative strategy. From this point of view, it follows that there are three main ways to achieve a competitive advantage: identifying such market segments throughout the entire economy, where the bank can lead; receiving benefits through the introduction of new banking services; getting benefits through pricing. It is shown that the bank’s strategy is associated with the choice of a corporate governance model of the bank, which, in turn, depends on the characteristics of the country’s economy. It is proposed to use the Japanese-German model of corporate governance of the bank as the most suitable for the specific political and economic conditions of Ukraine. It is noted that the implementation of the bank’s strategy leads to the formation of a universal or specialized bank (corporate, retail, investment, settlement, etc.).

107-119

Authors: Shykina Nataliya, Kotsіurubenko Ganna

The article considers the state budget deficit as a key indicator of Ukraine’s budget security. The main threats of the state national security in the economic sphere, their preconditions and consequences, as well as the impact on the state of public finances and processes of external migration of the population are investigated. The role of the Pension Fund of Ukraine in the process of forming the state budget deficit of Ukraine is analyzed. It is proved that each of these threats is a systemic destructive phenomenon that negatively affects the state’s economy and has direct or indirect impact on public finances and, in particular, on the level of budget security. It is substantiated that an adequate level of budget security is a basis for the protection of national interests’ formation of Ukraine and sustainable development of the national economy. It is noted that the overall effect of the totality of all threats (latent, explicit, potential, direct and indirect) to the national security of Ukraine is quite clearly traced when analyzing the state of public finances in general and the nominal volumes and dynamics of changes in the state budget deficit as a percentage of GDP. It is determined that the calculations of indicators of Ukraine’s budget security assessment and comparison of obtained results with their normative values prove that there is a threat to the financial and economic system of the state due to large amounts of government debt and excessive amounts for their repayment and servicing. The main reasons for the deviation from optimal values of the level of redistribution of GDP through the consolidated budget, the ratio of total payments for servicing and repayment of public debt to state budget revenues as the most critical indicator of budget security. A set of measures for minimizing the negative impact of systemic threats in the economic sphere on the state of public finances and the level of national security of the state is proposed.

136-149

Authors: Kuznetsova Inna, Karpenko Yulia, Repin Andriy

Theoretical and practical principles on the criteria for decision-making management for improvement of the logistics system are the subject of research in the article. The expediency of using indicators for assessing the state of the logistics system as a criterion for making decisions on its improvement is proved. The appropriateness of subordination of the evaluation’s stage of the logistics system of the enterprise’s performance management process is established. Based on a critical review of the scientific literature, the range of indicators for assessing the functioning of the logistics system includes: turnover of logistics assets, reliability of deliveries, timeliness of deliveries, level of stocks, capacity utilization of vehicles, level of logistics costs, deficit probability. Using the method of pairwise comparisons made it possible to establish the proportion of indicators of the functioning of the logistics system and to determine their direction. The integrated indicator of the logistics system functioning is substantiated. The proposed decision-making criterion was tested at a fish processing enterprise. The problematic components of integrated indicator of the enterprise’s logistics system functioning are analyzed. The use of the optimal batch supply model made it possible to increase the capacity utilization of vehicles and reduce the level of logistics costs. The attention is focused on integration processes and provision of information flows between logistics services. The attention is focused on integration processes and ensuring of information flows between logistics services. The main business processes of the logistics system are highlighted, which include: formation of sales policy, product delivery schedules, sales budget; initiation of the process of shipping products to the client; delivery of products to customers; formation of analytics for existing and potential clients; work with complaints and reclamations; proposals to the sales policy of the enterprise. The scheme of business processes of the logistics system is proposed, which allows you to determine information flows, to establish functional relationships between departments of the logistics system with other divisions of organizational structure of an enterprise and to reduce the speed of information to the decision maker.

164-173

Authors: Shilova Tamara

The article investigates the essence of the risk-based approach to generating the value of enterprises with transport and logistics specialization. The objective of the study is to determine the content of all components of risk management using the example of this industry. Methodological feature of the components’ study on the risk-based approach is a disclosure of the modern paradigm «Industry 4.0», namely, a comprehensive study of operational, investment and financial activities factors. The key criterion of economic efficiency in the article substantiates the use of the enterprise value indicator. In addition, it is proposed to use the methodology for calculating the impact of Value-at-Risk on the generation of enterprise value. The result of the study of the risk-based approach’s components to the formation of enterprises value indicators in the transport and logistics industry is to obtain a clear algorithm for determining each of the key risk factors inherent in the industry. Particular attention is paid to the description of the manifestation of the IT-system of electronic risks, in particular, hacker attacks and other cybercrimes. The practical uniqueness of the obtained research results lies in the fact that, using the example of BKP (Ukraine), a reasoned risk management policy is developed in full compliance with the ISO 31000 standard. Risks were identified based on the probability of risks and calculation of minimizing the impact of their consequences on the cost indicators of the enterprise. Based on the results of the study, it is established the practical usefulness of the above-described management model for generating of an enterprise value, directly based on the study of the main risk factors for activities of transport and logistics companies in Ukraine, it is substantiated the possibility of its implementation in the practical aspects of the business processes implementation.

26-41

Authors: Tetyana Gurgula

The article considers the administrative-territorial reform from the perspective of challenges and threats to the socio-economic development of territories and increases the level of well-being of the population. The basic principles of state regional policy are determined: systematic and complementary, and their characteristics are presented. The distribution of core powers between local governments in accordance with the Concept of reforming local government and territorial organization of authority in Ukraine has been carried out. Among the problems of modern system forming of local government organization, considerable attention is paid to reforming the local government system, which will determine the further stable development of Ukrainian society. Legal support of local authorities’ activity in Ukraine at the present stage requires the development of such a governance model that would be consistent with the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and, first of all, clearly delineate the powers between the relevant branches of government regarding the performance of assigned functions. The aim of the article is to analyze the energy self-sufficiency of communities by reducing and replacing gas consumption, increasing of energy efficiency level in various spheres of vital activity of the population, and developing the renewable energetics of the territorial community. The planning of the communities’ transition to renewable energy sources (RES) is investigated. Baseline indicators are developed for decisions making in the energy sector regarding the transition to renewable energy sources in the community from the perspective of investors attracting. The energy efficiency and renewable energy sources support programs are analyzed. Mechanisms of energy efficiency support and the capacity increasing of the united territorial communities are proposed due to energy self-sufficiency.

58-71

Authors: Mariana Bil

The comprehensive analysis of migration activity of the population between Ukraine and Hungary, which is the basis for substantiating the priorities of its regulation in the defined territorial migration system, is carried out in the article. The study subject is theoretical and applied principles of analysis of migration activity of the population within a specific territorial migration system. The research methodology is formed by the fundamental provisions of analytical migration science with the definition of migration activity, which reflects the potential and real ability of the population to move. The article results are the deepening of the theoretical bases of the study of migration activity of the population, the method of complex migration analysis between Ukraine and Hungary with using the national and international statistical base. Complex analysis covers an identification of the features of infrastructure providing and legal environment of migration (visa regime, the operation of the agreement on the rules of local border traffic), tendencies of crossing the state border (Ukrainian and Hungarian statistics), including in the context of border crossing points, determination of educational and labor migration features, naturalization practices and residence of Ukrainian citizens on the Hungary territory. Particular attention is paid to the asymmetric questions of migration activity of the population between Ukraine and Hungary. Complex analysis is complemented by comparisons of demographic, social and economic indicators of countries. The specificity of migration activity of the population in the Ukrainian-Hungarian migration system on the basis of the conducted analysis is generalized – the primacy of ethnocultural determinants of displacement with influences localization on the residents of Transcarpathian region; rapid growth dynamics of the migrants number from Ukraine to Hungary. The main problems of migration activity of the population between Ukraine and Hungary are updated: political and legal character – dual citizenship of a part of the population of the Transcarpathian border regions, which can serve as an occasion for geopolitical speculation; informational character – the rapid growth in the number of Ukrainian citizens, who go to Hungary for long-term residence; socio-cultural character – influence of the «Greater Hungary» ideas on a part of the Transcarpathia population, especially the border regions, which identifies itself with the Hungarians, or as a last resort with the Ruthenians and does not speak Ukrainian.

85-104

Authors: Ruslan Volchek, Sergey Bolshakov

The article summarizes the results of the procedure of privatization of state property in Ukraine during 2015–2019. It is established, that one of the main obstacles that leads to short payment of funds from the privatization of state property to the state budget, compared to the planned targets, is the actual «free appropriation» of land plots by economic entities during the sale of real estate due to ambiguous interpretation of the provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine and the National Valuation Standard 2 «Real Estate Valuation». The subject of research – the mechanisms of privatization of state property. The purpose of the article is to develop tools to combat corruption during the privatization of land plots, thus ensuring the correct calculation and payment of taxes to the state budget of Ukraine from these agreements. Research methods – general scientific. It has been proven, that a corruption scheme associated with an illegal appropriation of a land plot begins with the acquisition by the business entity of the right to use it. An incorrect interpretation of the provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine in the future leads to the illegal acquisition by the user of the right of ownership to the specified land plot, avoiding the privatization procedure. It is substantiated, that corruption schemes occur as a result of extremely weak control over the activities of notaries and appraisers on the part of the main regulator of appraisal activities in Ukraine – the State Property Fund of Ukraine. A number of recommendations are formulated with the aim of preventing losses to the state during privatization. In particular, it is proposed to supplement the norms of legal framework in terms of a direct prohibition for notaries to register ownership of land plots, which belong to the state, without a privatization procedure. It is necessary to make changes to the regulatory framework of Ukraine in terms of enabling the appraiser to calculate the market value of land plots in the absence of a cadastral number.

116-135

Authors: Mykhaylo Malyovanyi

One of the main functions of the state is to carry out the social policy aimed at the provision of the conditions of human vital activity, implementation of intelligent and professional potential of people. In this case a well-developed system of social security is of paramount importance. To a great extent, financing of this system is performed at the expense of public funds. The article considers specific features of government financing of population social security in Ukraine over a period 2001–2019. Analytical data of budget monitoring of the Institute of Budgetary and Socio-Economic research, statistical digests of the Ministry of Finances of Ukraine and State Statistic Service of Ukraine, analytical notes of the Institute for Demography and Social Studies named after M. V. Ptukha of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine served as the source for the research. The study used general scientific and specific methods of cognition. The research presents the analysis of the main indexes characterizing the budget financing of population social protection in the context of the budgets of Ukraine. The dynamics of changes in the financing of social expenditures form the State Budget of Ukraine and their structure were examined. Specific features of financing the system of social protection of the population from local budgets were defined. The level of self-financing of social needs was evaluated. The main problems of the functioning of population social protection system were determined taking into account the fact those financial resources in the State and local budgets are limited. The author suggested the steps as to the improvement of state funding of social measures by the following ways: to improve inter-budgetary relations due to the increase of the authority of the local communities at the calculation of the need in financial resource for the social protection of the population; to enhance targeted social assistance and to improve its efficiency; to optimize the existing system of the social benefits and payments.

153-163

Authors: Olga Degtiareva

The article is dedicated to development of controlling concept that is often called also as «management control» in English speaking area. It focuses on current challenges that Ukrainian manufacturing enterprises face: needs of higher level of information and communication technologies inspired by transition to information society as well as needs of higher level of energy efficiency inspired by not perfect energy system. Energy controlling, as a new direction of the mentioned controlling concept, has to do with both of them. The proposed multilevel information system (MIS) is considered as a solution for informative support of energy efficient managerial decisions and as an important instrument of energy controlling. The methodology of its design covers cybernetic approach to segregation of information as far as approach of the T. Reichmann scientific school to pyramidal construction of controlling information system. The MIS collects, processes and stores information according to the places of origin of energy costs, time horizon of management decisions and purpose. The highlight of the MIS is the usage of energy KRIs – key performance indicators of the enterprise’s energy activities. They may differ from enterprise to enterprise as well as from time to time because they depend on the chosen energy strategy. Thus, there are important conclusions of the research: energy controlling increases the efficiency, e.g. energy efficiency, of the energy sector in manufacturing enterprise; information function of controlling requires a modern information system in context of current changes in business environment, a multilevel information system meets in the best way the informative trends in development of production relations; energy KRIs are specialty of the MIS, but as targets and evaluation indicators of a multilevel energy controlling information system. Further research should be conducted to enhance improve the above information system, namely: the development of KPI-models for different energy strategies of the enterprise.

178-189

Authors: Halyna Pudycheva

The essence of the energy system is defined in the article and its three levels are distinguished by territorial criteria: micro- (enterprise level), meso-(administrative-territorial formations) and macro level (energy system of the country). The author’s definition of the energy system is proposed, which, unlike the existing ones, is not limited only by the level of enterprises. The technological, territorial and economic unity of the objects of the energy systems is indicated. The purpose of article is to study the main business processes that occur in the energy sector. Based on this, a conclusion is drawn about the possibility of considering the energy economy as a logistics system. To achieve this goal, the following general scientific methods were used: systematization, generalization, abstraction, analogy, analysis and synthesis. A scheme of the main business processes in the energy sector is proposed, which covers five stages. A critical analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept of «logistics system», available in the domestic and foreign scientific literature, is conducted. Based on the analysis, it is substantiated that the logistics system can be considered as a relatively stable set of links in a certain business environment, which provides integrated flow management in order to implement the «logistics mix». The emphasis is made on the fact that the use of the logistic approach in the energy sector allows to present the business processes taking place in it as a stream model. The author distinguishes the flows of energy resources, which are inherently material flows, and energy flows, which are flows of services, in energy system. It is concluded that the consideration of the energy system as a logistics system allows confirming the formation of a new direction – energy logistics.

21-28

Authors: Kristina Babenko

The article presents the scientific and theoretical justification of the essence of territorial development. For the purpose of study and detailed analysis of the «development» concept, the work generalizes existing approaches to development in the context of its goals determining, among which are distinguished: functional-resource, systemic, behavioral, cluster, strategic, scenario. It has been determined that, by meaningful content, development is a complex of changes by which a social system, which oriented on satisfying the basic needs and needs of individuals and population groups moves from a state of general dissatisfaction to new more favorable material and spiritual living conditions. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of a territory development characterizes the region state as a socio-economic system, which will reflect the characteristic features of various economic, social and other phenomena in the process of improving its functioning and in the context of meeting certain social needs. The relationship between ensuring of the territory development and the solution of many territorial socio-economic problems is proved. The key features of the territory development were identified, namely: sustainability and balance. Theories of regional policy are investigated, which were classified into 3 groups: placement theories, regional growth theories and theories of state regulation of economic development. Internal factors of the territory development are identified, among which the most significant influence is: territorial, administrative, economic, institutional, demographic, organizational. An importance of term system building of the territory economic development, which will contribute to the schematization of this concept structure and its more thorough interpretation, is proved.

40-52

Authors: Olena Mykhailiuk, Iryna Ukhlicheva

The article considers the world experience of medical tourism clusters creation and development. An important component of medical tourism clusters development is promotion of clusters at the international level, advertising, scientific and medical cooperation, various segments of services consumers attracting, etc. The stages of national programs development in the medical tourism sphere in Israel, Germany, Turkey, Singapore, India, Thailand and other countries, which annually invest millions of dollars in the medical infrastructure development, the purchase of the latest diagnostic equipment, and innovative treatment technologies implementation, are investigated. The best examples of experience in the medical tourism development are summarized; models of medical tourism clusters creating in leading countries, mechanisms for creating, specializing and developing medical tourism clusters in the world for the subsequent use of this experience in the medical tourism clusters creation and development in Ukraine are investigated. World tendencies are analyzed regarding an increase in the supply of additional services, an increase in the level of a medical and diagnostic scientific base, including due to the creation of medical tourism clusters in which these components are successfully combined. The world trends of increasing the supply of additional services, the level of medical and diagnostic scientific base increasing, including through the medical tourism clusters creation, in which these components are successfully combined, are analyzed. The further implementation of public-private partnerships experience in tourism and medical sectors of Ukraine is proposed. These mechanisms will allow the medical institutions to gain more economic freedom and tools for improving of their services quality. Thus, clinics will have the opportunity to raise the comfort of staying in medical institutions to a higher level, to improve the transportation services, purchase modern equipment, and train medical personnel of the highest professional level, etc.

63-71

Authors: Nataliia Gutsuliak

The basic concepts and rules of new economy, personnel management as a strategic resource of enterprise activity in the new economic conditions, are investigated in the article. The following features of the new economy are highlighted: the formation and active use of dynamic knowledges as a resource for goods, services and infrastructure creation; active introduction of new technologies in all sectors of the economy; intellectualization of goods and services, nature and structure of work; elimination of national and geographical borders; increasing the competition severity in the market for goods and services and the labor market. The purpose of the article is: clarification of the new economy concepts as a management system and its information ecosystem, management contours, target balance of management, formation of correspondence tables for the features of the new economy and changes in personnel management, in the processes of an enterprise human and intellectual capital forming; determination the strategic goals of enterprise development and its personnel management system. The new economy is called the post-industrial economy, which actively uses a new technologies, which, in turn, dynamically change the production of goods and services, forms of management and interaction, contribute to the emergence of priorities for intellectual capital formation. Such an economy is supported by a modern information ecosystem, which is an electronic information environment of organization (enterprise, institution, etc.). An enterprise in a new economy can be considered along such contours of development as: the contours of economic activity; marketing promotion and customer engagement management; network infrastructure; HR-management. Tables of strategic personnel management tools using are proposed taking into account of the new economy features. Obtained results are the basis for the personnel management strategy formation, a target and roadmap for enterprise HR-department activity creation.

82-90

Authors: Tetiana Vlasenko

The article proposes a methodical toolkit for causes determining of personnel resistance to strategic change at the enterprise. In order to identify and detailed barriers analysis to the strategic changes implementation and a cause-and-effect diagram building, in the work summarizes and groups a possible reasons for change resistance at various levels, among which are highlighted: at the individual level – personal, economic, professional, motivational; at the group level – socio-psychological and managerial; at the organizational level – resource and organizational. It substantiates the research tool using the problem of personnel resistance to changes – an Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram, with which it becomes possible to identify of significant causes that affect at the strategic changes implementation. An importance of this type diagram constructing is proved due to the possibility of a deeper analysis of investigated problem causes, their identification and visual structuring of personnel resistance to strategic changes process. An important feature of proposed methodical providing is an express analysis possibility of the reasons for personnel resistance to changes in the monitoring mode, because this type of diagram is used for significance and strength of factors influence determining on the studied object and priorities selecting for eliminating the problem. The use of the proposed cause and effect diagram will contribute not only for causes systematization of personnel resistance and factors, which influenced the occurrence of these causes, but also to their consistent neutralization in order to reduce the level of counteraction. Measures to mitigate possible causes of personnel resistance to strategic changes in the context of identified groups are proposed.

106-117

Authors: Serhii Brekhov

The article is devoted to actual issues of the State Tax Service of Ukraine reforming for creation a comprehensive tax risk management system in view of the basics of risk theory, risk management standards, global trends and specific features of domestic tax administration. The article focuses on the concretization of specific areas of work with tax risks, taking into account the expert evaluation by the TADAT methodology. The strategic approaches of tax authorities to increase the level of compliance by taxpayers with tax rules, as well as the interdependence of instruments to counteract of the tax risks are presented. It is proved that the differential approach application requires the creation and functioning of tax risk monitoring, the level of taxpayer risk determining, as well as a high level of communication with taxpayers to minimize tax risks in order to be able to minimize the number of tax violations through non-audit measures and service functions. The ways of responding to the risks of non-compliance with tax legislation are defined. Performed analysis of relevant indicators for key areas of tax risk management performance assessing allowed determining the priority directions for integrated tax risk management system development regarding non-compliance by taxpayers with tax legislation in the State tax service of Ukraine activity in accordance with modern international best practice. It is noted that the level and effectiveness of tax risk management largely depends on the level of analytical work and provides for identification stages, analysis, evaluation (measurement), and ranking. Recommendations for the TADAT assessment are presented, which indicate that the main steps for working with risk information are: environmental testing, analysis of audit data, third-party data, taxpayer behavior, cross-border trade research on the application of tax evasion schemes, the shadow economy.

130-144

Authors: Galina Vdovina

The article presents the research results of customs policy of Ukraine under the influence of globalization processes. Based on the conducted scientific research, it was revealed that for Ukrainian realities there is an immanent lack of a systematic approach both to the definition of content and to the formation and implementation process of customs policy, strategy and tactics of the customs service development. The necessity of scientific and theoretical substantiation of measures to improve the customs policy of Ukraine, which is formed and implemented under the influence of global trends of institutional changes and at the same time has significant national specificity, is noted. It was revealed that the customs policy of Ukraine is characterized by a number of shortcomings that lie in the plane of the SFS customs activity. The necessity of measures developing to improve customs policy, taking into account of globalization challenges and enhancing the pace of economies digitalization, is substantiated. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to take into account of national interests, a balance maintaining of the business community and the state interests. The conclusion is substantiated about appropriateness of applying a systematic, integrated and evidence-based approaches to the customs policy implementation and favorable institutional conditions creation both for business representatives and for the state on issues of ensuring uninterrupted and adequate volumes of foreign economic activity, customs revenues to the budget. The insufficient effectiveness of the customs policy is proved and the factors that caused such a decrease are identified. It is concluded that there is a need for a significant review of organizational and institutional support of customs policy. Measures are proposed to improve the customs policy of Ukraine, which will increase its effectiveness in modern realities and adaptability to globalization challenges.

157-169

Authors: Victoria Kovalenko

The article proposes a theoretical and methodological approach to the estimation of the risk factor integral indicator in the banks activity. It is determined that the modern banking business development is associated with a considerable number of risks, which given the globalization processes, political, economic problems in Ukraine and world, technological and information systems development, which tend to transformation. It is established that the successful of bank activity depends largely on the chosen concept of risk management. It is proved that the risk management system should be based on scientifically grounded, substantially adapted to the realities of banking activity methodology, advanced technologies and world experience of risk management. The need an integrated risk indicator developing in banks is associated with the adoption by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of a global reform of the world banking system, which based on new standards of requirements for the structure of banks’ assets and capital. The methodology for calculating the integral risk indicator of banks’ functioning includes the following stages: diagnostics and monitoring of banks’ financial stability indicators; beta coefficient calculation; the banks’ financial stability assessment taking into account the risk factor; making risk management decisions. It is proposed to evaluate the obtained results as well as the selection of optimal management decisions with using a matrix of risk management strategies. It is substantiated that in the system of risk assessment and management of banking activity it is advisable to pay attention of an effective internal control system organization. The main goals and directions of internal control organization in banks are determined. The risk management system is an integral part of internal control. It is proved that the definition of main risks associated with the banks activity, as well as the methods for managing them, should be made on the basis of the Banking Risk Management Concept, which is based on the recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and relevant legislation.

179-187

Authors: Yevhen Tsikalo

The article presents the theoretical bases and conceptual approach to combining of integration and self-organization processes within the framework of ongoing business processes and business entity state formation, from the standpoint of information and economic management context. The purpose of research is to develop a theoretical and conceptual provisions for embodiment of integration processes in the self-management processes on the basis of information-economic acquisition by the business processes of integrative qualities-signs and taking into account of integration factor influence on the business entity state. Based on the methodological principles of synergetic theory about the mandatory semantic content of information to generate a synergistic effect in self-organizing (reflective) management processes, the necessity of anthropomorphic qualities information providing, which will be played by the economic properties of management, is substantiated. The qualitative information and economic properties of management, which determine the leading positioning of information-economic type of integration in the integration basis of management, are defined. Properties are «being implemented» through an integration basis in self-organizational management decisions by integrated business processes and complex («economic-integration») state of business entity. Conditions-factors of integration-self-organizational conceptualization of management on information and economic basis of the synergetic effect formation of business entity activity, are defined. The practical value of research results is that due to the information-economic parameterization and assessment of the benefits of integrated business processes, decisions will be made on purposeful self-organizational achievement of the homeostatic equilibrium state with a corresponding of economic and integration characteristics (indicators) of sustainability. For theoretical and conceptual provisions implementing of the symbiosis of management integration and self-organization, the development preconditions are formulated – the system-wide properties of integrated information and economic tools of self-organization management of the business entity activity.

198-207

Authors: Anton Voronin

The article discusses the main problems and prospects of the confectionery industry development of Ukraine with aim of determining the characteristics of industry development and future prospects. It has been established that despite the negative impact of external environment on the industry enterprises activity, some manufacturers have improved their market position. The basis of study is an integrated approach to analysis of the confectionery industry functioning in Ukraine. In the course of study, the following methods were applied: statistical and economic – in trends determining of the confectionery industry development in Ukraine during 2013–2018; abstract-logical – to summarize the results of research, the prospects formation of the confectionery products market development and the formulation of conclusions. The industry analysis of the confectionery products market was carried out. The main competitors in the domestic market and the share of domestic producers of sweets in the domestic market are determined by product groups: flour confectionery; cocoa, its products and chocolate products; sugar and sugar confectionery. New trends in the confectionery industry development were discovered, in particular: expansion of new goods production: cocoa butter; cocoa fat; products containing cocoa for making drinks; sugar confectionery containing fruits, berries, nuts, candied, glazed or crystallized; growing demand for organic sweets, mainly imported. According to the results of the assessment of supply and demand for sweets of domestic consumers, promising directions of the confectionery industry enterprises development in Ukraine were established. The prospects for promoting of enterprises products in the domestic and foreign markets are determined.

219-226

Authors: Valentyna Semenova

The article investigates the importance of enterprises innovative development in modern economic conditions. It is determined that sustained innovative development will allow the enterprise to successfully operate in the market environment and effectively use own resources in the long term. The subject of study is an enterprise activity diversification. The purpose of article is to investigate of activity diversification in the context of providing an enterprises innovative development in modern economic conditions. The basic principles of enterprise innovative development managing are summarized. It is proved that the diversification strategy is an important direction of enterprises innovative development. The functioning of the enterprise in a competitive environment in the rapid technological changes era requires constant adaptation and monitoring of activity directions effectiveness. Diversification of activity is becoming a necessary means of expanding the scope of investment, ensuring of the enterprise sustainability and reducing risks level. Different approaches to the classification of activity diversification are generalized. The main reasons for the entrepreneurial activity diversification are investigated. It has been determined that, regardless of activity direction, in modern conditions of functioning, the achievement of the effectiveness of a diversification strategy is possible only with the active use of innovative developments in the selected directions. The system of efficiency criteria of the enterprise activity diversification is proposed, taking into account not only the current profitability and performance, as well as strategic prospects and changes in the competitive position in the market. The main criteria include: profitability; improving the quality of products (services); reduction of entrepreneurial risks; activation of innovative development; improving the quality of production technology (services); creating sustainable competitive advantages; the development of new industries and fields of activity; growth of the enterprise market value.

19-28

Authors: Viktoriia Butenko, Tatiana Butenko

The article considers competition as a category, in which the state’s vigorous activity defines and implements a competitiveness strategy, establishes the «game rules» for market relations. The current state of Ukrainian products competitiveness in accordance with the Global Competitiveness Index in 2017–2018 is analyzed. For actualization an existing problem, the goal is set to analyze and identify the causes of goods, products and services low competitiveness, which produced in Ukraine, and to summarize the ways of their improvement in the context of modern globalization, transformation and European integration processes. The main advantages of national economy competitiveness ensuring are highlighted, but at the same time it is determined that a goods, which Ukraine exports, cannot adequately fill the country’s budget, that is, a raw materials have never been a commodity, which can save an economy. It was proposed to take as an example of the Poland experience, where the products manufacturing of European brands is carried out under tolling schemes. It has been established that the main factors, which hold back the competitiveness development of Ukrainian products in the context of globalization are the domestic market imperfection, the tax policy ineffectiveness, an incentives inhibition for innovation and investment activity, corruption, shadow economy, imperfection of public administration system in the framework of competitive advantages protecting of domestic commodity producers. The following ways of existing problem solving are proposed, namely: to determine the priorities of economic development and to direct resources for implementation of the most promising and efficient branches of national production, which have the proper competitive ability to enter an international market, to stabilize the tax system, financial and monetary policy; to improve of competition regulation system and stimulate innovation processes implementing in the economy.

40-47

Authors: Oleksandr Kalinichenko

The article presents the author’s definition of categories «energy effect» and «energy effect in crop production» and their using in energy estimation. The types of energy effect as a factor of reproduction of agricultural production, taking into account the characteristics of agricultural sector according to the existing level of technology and technique are generalized. The process approach in the context of crop production to crop production, which is parameterized by the energy factor, is applied. The classification of energy types in the process of crop production is substantiated. Such types of energy, as: renewable (solar energy, the energy potential of the soil, air temperature and soil); non-renewable (energy resources; the energy embodied in mineral and organic fertilizers, pesticides; the energy embodied in seeds; the energy embodied in machinery and equipment; the energy embodied in buildings and structures); energy of human labor, are allocated. The crop production is proposed to be determined on the basis of energy equivalents (J): 1) energy equivalent of direct costs; 2) energy equivalent of indirect costs; energy 3) energy equivalent per 1 person-hour of labor. The classification of energy effects is justified: preliminary energy effect; expected energy effect; potential energy effect; guaranteed energy effect; actual energy effect; calculated energy effect; planned energy effect; annual energy effect; specific energy effect; integral energy effect. The following approaches to determination of energy effect in crop production are proposed: 1) reducing the aggregate cost of energy resources per unit of acreage with constant yield of the i-th species of agricultural crop; 2) increasing the yield of the i-th species of agricultural crop with the same cost of aggregate energy resources per unit area; 3) increasing the yield of the i-th species of agricultural crop while reducing the cost of aggregate energy resources per unit area.

58-67

Authors: Tetiana Pohorielova

The regular monitoring issues of the agricultural sector are becoming of primary importance in the globalization and transformation context of Ukrainian economy. Therefore, conceptual approaches to the monitoring interpretation as a process of agribusiness observation in Ukraine are systematized and generalized in the conducted research, in order to assess its current state and prospects of functioning in the market relations conditions. It is proved that statistical monitoring must timely and fully monitor the situational moments, as well as to form high-quality databases for further analysis and forecasting of agribusiness development. An algorithm for agribusiness’ monitoring is developed, and its stages are characterized, on the basis of statistical methods using. The proposed algorithm procedure consists of five stages, each of which has its own statistical methods and analysis techniques: from data capture to development of measures for conducting agribusiness. At the stage of a priori analysis, the essence of agribusiness, its key concepts, and categories are investigated. In a broad sense, agribusiness is regarded as a type of business activity in agriculture itself, in industries that create means of production for agriculture, food industry, and also industries, which agriculture serving. In a narrow sense, agribusiness is interpreted as agriculture. The procedure of statistical monitoring of Ukrainian agribusiness in accordance with the proposed algorithm has been carried out. Agribusiness production volumes for the period 2015–2018 are calculated and compared with the volume of GDP of Ukraine, based on statistical standards and the sample surveys results. The structure and dynamics of agribusiness main indicators are analyzed, the intensity of domestic agriculture of development as a basis of agribusiness with the most important economic indicators using is assessed. The basic proportions of agribusiness development and macroeconomic indicators are calculated and evaluated. Conclusions and general recommendations regarding the state and prospects of agribusiness development in Ukraine are formulated.

83-95

Authors: Olena Snigova

The article determines that the diversification questions in Ukraine are still of hardly limited elaboration and require further study with a focus on aspects of old-industrial regions’ economy competitiveness recovery in global economic environment at the basis of «new» industrial policy concept implementation. It is proved that ensuring of economy effective diversification of old-industrial regions of Ukraine requires the comprehensive understanding of the essence of this process, which formed on the basis of scientific knowledge evolution and restructuring experience, accumulated by global practice. The evolution of approaches to economy diversification in the regional development studies is considered. It was revealed that the peculiarity of studies of structural changes questions in old-industrial regions at the post-soviet area, in particular in Ukraine, is a prevailing accent on the sectoral structure improving and the export potential diversification for these regions. It was found that for the foreign researchers of economy diversification problems are characterized by a focus on: innovational directions of economic activity; revealing the potential of local traditions and global markets requirements; the relationship issues of regional economy efficiency and its economic diversity. The essence of old-industrial region’s economy diversification is specified and the peculiarities of diversification process in these regions are revealed. The factors that influence on the process and determine of diversification final result, are established. The necessity of developing a Strategy of economy diversification of old-industrial regions, which should include the optimal directions selection for increasing of their competitiveness in the global economic space, is determined.

108-117

Authors: Vladimir Karpov

The article considers the theoretical and practical problems of the project efficiency calculating on the example of one of its main estimated indicators ‒ NPV (net present value). The discounted project performance indicators used by most theorists and analysts in some cases do not reflect the real project profitability (unprofitability). The net present value calculation for various options for the nature of projects cash flow is shown in a number of simulated examples. It is shown that for some unprofitable projects the net present value indicator, nevertheless, indicates a positive effect, which contradicts with idea of this indicator using for evaluating of alternative projects efficiency. This situation is typical for projects with long-term loans and quick returns on capital investments. We believe that this situation arises as a result of the fact that costs include in the calculations of performance indicators, which are discounted simultaneously with revenues and thus numerically increase the discounted level of project profitability (when discounting a negative amount of costs, total profitability increases). Although, if we proceed from the theory of money value over time, exactly costs create a future value ‒ PV. The article analyzes the considered contradictions of performance indicators of various project options and proposes a new indicator for projects efficiency evaluating.

129-138

Authors: Olga Starenka

The article considers the development features of internal control in developed countries. An international experience of internal control system functioning of the world leading countries and opportunity to adapt its most acceptable progressive achievements to the conditions of Ukrainian enterprises activity is investigated. An experience of various international organizations and documents, which they proposed for internal control system organization, are analyzed. It has been substantiated that in recent years these organizations either update already existing documents regarding internal control, or new documents appear, which are extension of previous ones. А comparative characteristic of internal control different concepts is given. It was revealed that in the future all concepts, which proposed by different organizations were improved and today these countries has an effective system of internal control, both in relation to government agencies and private structures. It has been proved that regarding to internal control at Ukrainian enterprises, it is advisable to use the document «Integrated concept of internal control», which in the future will be find wider application in the country. The integrated approach provides for penetration into all business processes with the further information compilation and its timely communication to individuals, who on its basis, must make management decisions, that aimed at maximizing of an enterprise activity efficiency. It is proposed to adapt the most acceptable progressive achievements of foreign experience of internal control systems functioning of the world leading countries to the conditions of Ukrainian enterprises activity.

149-157

Authors: Lidiya Kostyrko, Elena Sereda

The article substantiates of financial potential theoretical foundations in the context of financial regulation of business entities development. The essential characteristic of the financial potential as an indicator of capital value reproduction of economic entities, which has a dynamic character, is clarified. The financial potential of business entities classification from the standpoint of a financial concept depending on the functional orientation, goal achievement, regulation period, influence factors, capital mobilization method, and types of activity, is systematized. The capital reproductive processes interrelation and potential possibilities of economic entities development is investigated. The financial potential classification according to the functional orientation is proposed as a basis for evaluating the financial potential of economic entities development, which integrates the potential of financial security, the potential of financial flexibility, the potential for value creation. The sequence of financial potential of economic entities estimation for purposes of financial regulation is revealed. Scientific and methodological recommendations can be used in carrying out a complex assessment of the financial potential of economic entities at hierarchical levels, which provides of an information base formation for identifying unused reserves and justifying the choice of financial regulation strategy of business entities development. An integral assessment of economic entities financial potential will allow to assess a degree of financial potential using, to predict its future status and to develop appropriate recommendations for business development.

168-178

Authors: Inna Kuznetsova, Yulia Karpenko

The commodity structure of Ukraine’s exports is analyzed in the article. It is proved that the agrarian sector has become a stable source of foreign exchange earnings and makes a significant contribution to the country’s foreign economic activity development and the maintenance of state’s foreign trade balance. An importance of grain processing products export is substantiated. An export’s development in the flour milling industry is analyzed and it is determined that she has become export-oriented in the past ten years. An expert evaluation of the «Flour export» activity direction attractiveness was carried out according to the I. Ansoff method, which takes into account a number of factors that characterize its prospects for profitability and growth, namely: the growth rate of relevant sector; consumer population growth; the dynamics of markets geographical expansion; the degree of product renewal; the degree of technology update; public acceptability of products; state regulation; price fluctuations; aggressiveness of leading competitors; resource market competition; market entry costs; prospects of profitability (favorable and unfavorable factors of profitability). According to the expert evaluation results, the attractiveness of the «Flour export» activity direction for the milling industry enterprises development was established. A critical analysis of scientific developments regarding the composition of main operations a foreign economic activity strategy processes’ forming was carried out. The importance of including in the foreign economic activity strategy formation process of operations risk evaluation of enterprise’s foreign economic activity and economic security potential evaluation is substantiated. A scientific result has been obtained, the novelty of which is in an improvement of the procedure for enterprise’s foreign economic activity strategy forming, which differs from an existing ones by accounting the extremely risky nature of this activity and enterprise’s ability to protect itself from threats.

189-198

Authors: Valeriy NIkiforenko, Vera Kravchenko

The article investigates the role of organizational culture in the competitive advantages formation process of an enterprise. The main scientific works on the essence of organizational culture and its role in the competitive advantages formation process are analyzed. The main points of view relatively of corporate culture impact on the enterprise’s competitiveness are presented. It has been determined that a competitive advantage is a locking of a strong competitive position of an enterprise and determines the nature of its competitive strategy. It is proved that an organization ability is realized through two components, which are carriers of formalized and non-formalized knowledge, namely: process execution technologies and personnel competencies. The authors’ opinion is highlighted about that non-formalized knowledge reflects of corporate culture quality, namely, the spirituality of business, and, consequently, makes impossible to copy it by competitors. It has been determined that informal norms represent a deep level of corporate culture, where values are perceived automatically in the subconscious as true, irreplaceable, like those that do not need to be legitimized and cannot be copied. It is proved that an influence factors, which characterize of an enterprise’s corporate culture state, are: leadership style; the level of power centralization; an effectiveness level of motivation systems; professional training for career advancement managers; managerial competence level; degree of workers involvement in decision making and leader image. On the basis of experience studying of Odessa city leading enterprises, it is proved that the key to their competitive advantages has become implementation the system of corporate culture strategic principles. The measures system of cultural adaptation is justified, namely: ensuring of information transparency and timeliness; awareness of an importance of cultural and moral values by employees; the growth of management role and the chief executive officer (leader) personally, who initiates and heads organizational changes; involvement of employees in management decisions; formation of a rotation promotion system, lifelong learning, career advancement; formation of a positive image (reputation) encouraging creative, innovative activity.

208-217

Authors: Olena Steshenko, Olena Salenko

The article analyzes the labor relations that exist today in the transport construction field, their reflection on the motivational and value relationships between employers and employees, and also uncertainty of contractual labor innovations that cause a significant increase in social risks in this sphere. The essence of social risk category is clarified on the basis of general risks theory. Social risks as a socio-economic category are investigated. The features of social risks display of the labor market development in transport construction are revealed. It is substantiated that one of the main factors of influence at the social risk level is staff turnover. It is proposed to use the problem tree construction method to study the causes and consequences of stuff turnover existing in the transport construction sphere. It is recommended to use the combination of sociological and statistical research methods for social risk assessment. It was determined that the key method of social risks causes identifying in labor activity should be a homogeneous risks groups selection, which have a similar criteria. It is noted that a homogeneous risk groups the research forms the basis for a comprehensive analysis of risks situations by highlighting their main characteristics and determining possible losses. Therefore, in basis of proposed method is advisable to put the probability of an unfavorable scenario, depending on the factors of its determination. A grouping of staff turnover reasons as the main factor of social risk was carried out, followed by ranking of employees dismissal reasons. A Pareto graph was used for more visual representation of research results. The patterns of social risks influence on financial results are revealed.