International Journal of Commerce and Finance

1-17

Authors: Amsalu Chigeto Dachito, Minyahil Alemu, Berhanu Alemu

Unemployment is amongst most pressing economic challenges the Ethiopian economy has long been experiencing. Though the country succeeded in targeting overall unemployment most recently, graduate unemployment continued trending at higher rates over the years. We examined the impact of government education spending on the rate of graduate unemployment in Ethiopia, using yearly series of data over the periods spanning from 1991to 2019. The results of Augmented Dickey Fuller test revealed difference stationarity for all series of interest; while the suggested order of integration was one. The results of Johnson’s cointegration test indicated the existence of long-run equilibrium relationships among the variables entered the test model. In determining the impacts of inflation rate (CPI), economic growth (RGDP) and public education spending on graduate unemployment, we employed Vector Error Correction Model as it enables us capture the short-run and long-run outputs instantaneously. According to VECM regression results, inflation rate and expenditure on education were found to have significant impact on the long-run growth rate of graduate unemployment. While the inflation rate contributed positively, government expenditure has negative influence on the rate of graduate unemployment towards validating the Keynesian theory of employment. Besides, the impacts of both variables were found to persist in the short-run. Both are estimated significant and consistent in sign in the short-run. However, economic growth was found to have a trivial role in explaining the rate of graduate unemployment in both the short-run and the long-run periods. Moreover, the results of VEC causality analysis revealed a significant unidirectional causality running from economic growth towards public funds available for financing education; but no causality was suggested in reverse. We recommend a drastic measure to advance the education sector through suitable investments in a manner that will help in skills development, productivity enhancement and entrepreneurship growth.

31-40

Authors: Amsalu Dachito Chigeto, Alebachew Angelo

Convinced with the importance of full understanding of the determinants of technology adoption in agricultural sector in planning technology-related policies and programs, this research aimed to critically analyze the determinants of technology adoption as well as the use intensity by small farm households in the study area (Masha District). To achieve the set-out objectives of the study, 6 kebelles were randomly selected from the district and 251 sample households were proportionally and randomly identified from the selected kebeles. The data collected from the sample households have been analyzed using both descriptive as well as inferential analysis. For inferential analysis, the Double Hurdle model was adopted to estimate the technology adoption decision as well as use intensity of small farm households in the study area. Results of the findings show that technology adoption decision was associated with household-specific characteristics such as sex, education, extension and family size which increases the likelihood of technology adoption whereas rigidity with the old technology is highly correlated with the age of the Household head, where old age farmers are not inclined towards new technology. On the other hand, institutional factors such as access to extension service and access to credit facilities have a significant impact where the latter has contributed negatively to the farmers’ decision regarding technology adoption. Besides, the government should engage in awarness creation regarding new technology in the area along with ensuring fair and timely access for those technologies.

51-61

Authors: Ali Emre İşlek, Necla Öykü İyigün

This study aims to examine the relationship between authentic leadership and entrepreneurship orientation perceptions in exporting companies with increasing and decreasing export performances. Subjective Scales were used in this study along with the Objective Scales. An Authentic Leadership and Entrepreneurial Orientation Subjective Scales were used, the scales were previously validated and reliability analyzes were carried out in Turkey. The convenience sampling of total 438 white-collar employees from 21 companies participated in the survey. Export Sales and Export Intensity Objective Scales, the most common financial measures of export performance indicators were used to identify the categories with increasing and decreasing export performances. The data collected and compiled from the Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM).

72-76

Authors: Dilek Ulucan Erkesim

The competition between companies increases day by day with the change of customer demands and requirements. This competition is no longer between companies, it has started to occur in the networks in which companies are located. At this point, the importance given by companies to activities in their supply chain has increased. Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic, a number of problems have occurred in the supply chain management of companies. Covid-19 drove the whole world into a major crisis. Many sectors have suffered from economic collapse due to the pandemic. Therefore, firms faced with an imbalance between supply and demand. In this context, the aim of the study is to reveal conceptual evaluations about supply chain management and to present how and in what way companies are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.

92-108

Authors: Gökhan Meriç, Figen Yıldırım

In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between customer experience and re-visit intention, and purchase intention in e-commerce sites in the example of amazon.com.tr. The questionnaire form prepared to collect data within the scope of the research was shared on the internet. Descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis were performed with the data obtained from 358 participants who answered the questionnaire. As a result of the analysis, it was found that customer experience has significant effects on purchase intention and re-visit intention, as well as purchase intention on re-visit intention.

122-129

Authors: Saira Sundas, Minaam Butt

Liquidity and firm performance has been a contentious concern among the finance scholars.Former researches interprets that asset liquidity increases debt level while in some countries firms having more liquidity were less leveraged and were dependant on internal finance.This study reconnoiters the effect of liquidity ratios on profitability and performance of textile sector of Pakistan from 2005 to 2014.Fixed effect panel regression model is applied to scrutinize the impact of liquidity ratios in presence of control variables like firm size and sales growth.Results interpret that current ratio has positive impact on profitability and performance while acid ratio has insignificant effect on the performance but has significant positive effect on profitability during the study period.

141-155

Authors: Kenny Adedapo Adedapo Soyemi, Oluwayemisi Afolabi, Imoleayo Obigbemi

This study examined influence of entity’s corporate governance practices on independent external auditor quality, proxied with auditor industry specialization, in Nigeria. The explanatory research design was adopted. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts of thirty five (35) quoted non-financial firms for 11 years from 2008 to 2018. Thereafter, panel regression analyses were employed as the estimating technique for the model specified. The empirical results revealed that independent external audit quality is positively influenced by the size of firm but negatively influenced by board Independence and proportion of female directors on board. Overall, aggregate explanatory variables as adopted in this study accounted for 50% changes in external audit quality. Though, these findings largely negate previous ones, they contribute to extant literatures and also provide further directions for future attempt at conducting research within emerging territories.

166-180

Authors: Nazım Ekren, Elçin Aykaç Alp, Mefule Fındıkçı Erdoğan, Yeliz Güner

Traditionally, while economic policymakers do their policy decisions using macroeconomic indicators like the unemployment rate, inflation rate, growth rate etc. and also business activity data collected from national surveys on households and businesses. Above all, the quality of data and information obtained during crisis periods are particularly important in terms of handle the crisis and the policies and precaution to be formed by the economic management to solve the crisis. Identifying the problems of firms that have become vulnerable to the uncertainty that arises with crises will be a roadmap for the policy decision duration of policymakers.In this study, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have analysed with the special thematic survey in April 2020 which applied by the Chamber of Sworn-in Certified Public Accountants (CSCPA) of Istanbul. Thus, it was ensured that the problems that occurred during the pandemic period and came back to the agenda were evaluated. Eventually, the impact of the pandemic on the business world has been revealed through the consideration of sworn-in cpa that dominate the financial statements of the firms.

191-201

Authors: Mehmet Sağlam, Soukaina El Montaser

Without a good marketing team and strategy, any company is bound to fail. To remain competitive and profitable in the market, companies should attract and maintain successful customers. For client relationship marketing, this is definitely finished. Marketing for partnerships is a business philosophy, a strategic orientation that focuses on maintaining and developing existing customers instead of gaining new customers. The goal of this research is to examine the role of marketing customer relationships in customer acquisition and retention of customers. The research is based on a survey. For this research, the study sample was taken by cosmetics customers. Data studies have been performed using frequencies, means and standard deviations. Furthermore, bivariate correlations and multiple regressions are used with inferential statistics. The findings of this study show that consumer marketing relationships are significant and strongly associated with the acquisition and retention of customers. Furthermore, the study shows that trust, commitment, communication and conflict handling have an important effect on the customer’s retention and customer’s acquisition. The practical implications of this study are that organizations should build a better customer retention marketing plan.