Science almanac of Black sea region countries

6

Authors: Ivan P. Getmanov

The article develops the idea of cultural evolution and coevolution of cultures. The author applies an evolutionary-synergetic approach to substantiate his views. The notion of cultural attractor is used to justify the idea of coevolutionary unification of cultures. The patterns of cultural development are such that subse-quent cultures are influenced by previous cultures. Humanity is in captivity of both ancient and new myths. The process of unification of cultures goes through a chaotic state, through periods of increasing entropy of social systems and national-ethnic cultures. The drama of cultural evolution lies in the fact that the mutual influence of cultures is not symmetrical. For the last two centuries, Western civilization has dominated in the socio-political, scientific and technical, and information technology fields. This has determined its dominance in the world. It is noted that different nations may dominate different areas of public life. It is also alleged that the acceleration of information processes and the formation of global information networks inevitably level the cultural differences of peoples. Three levels of coevolution of cultures are distinguished, each of which includes interactions between cultures simultaneous, one-space, different in time and different in space.

7

Authors: Andrey Yu. Smirnov

The main goal of this article is to analyze the risks of mass introduction of digital technologies and their impact on the main function of the social institution of education. Regardless of the historically established scientific and conceptual approaches to the institutional structure of society, the main function of the institution in question is the educational one, which is usually divided into education and training, which are not synonyms, as many believe. Each of these elements has its own content and objectives. They determine the main social and status characteristics of a person, influencing his subsequent existence in society. This article contains a brief description of the digitalization process as the main phenomenon of our time, the significance of its impact on the development of all spheres of society is determined. The specificity is also indicated and the contradictory nature of the course of this process is shown: namely, the negative component of the influence of digitalization on the main function of the social institution of education is revealed. The significance of digital technologies is quite clearly marked and has a real manifestation in the life of every modern person. Learning and education processes are no exception. With the massive introduction of an innovation, along with the positive, there are always possible negative consequences. As a rule, they are probabilistic, often unpredictable. The materials of the scientific article contain the results of research demonstrating the specific manifestation of the predicted negative consequences and their objective existence in the modern education system.

7

Authors: Tamara A. Bondarenko

The concept of virtual reality is reconstructed, which is defined as a symbolic, in fact, objectively and actually existing reality. It is initially set by a person; it is dynamic and actively interacts with the person and society as a whole. Being symbolic in nature, it objectively exists only in the consciousness of a person at the moment of being in it. It is noted that due to these properties, virtual reality acts as a significant factor of influence on a person, which is ambivalent in nature, has both positive (lability, new communicative experience, relaxation, etc.) and negative (psychological discomfort, current stress, dependent behaviour, etc.) consequences. Indicated changes in the self-consciousness of the individual are manifested in socially significant actions for the individual. It is shown that virtual reality can help to reveal the inner world of a person, especially his hidden desires, thoughts, and gravitations. Through it, a person can receive moral support, which in general will increase self-esteem, positively affect the psychological state and ensure confident and effective behaviour. The article points to the relevance of the problems both from the point of view of philosophy and from the point of view of practical significance, especially in the field of psychology and pedagogy.

8

Authors: Maida G. Mustafaeva, Farid M. Mustafaev, Sarat G. Hiyasova

The subject of consideration is the emerging practice of participation of public institutions in the spiritual and moral education of students and schoolchildren, and within its framework, the practice of state-religious partnership. The formed model of activity "university-school-social partnership" is analyzed. The process of forming a system of state-religious partnership in the spiritual and moral education of students is considered in more detail, carried out in the educational and pedagogical process by the teaching staff of the oldest in the North Caucasus Dagestan State Pedagogical University. Almost all faculties of the pedagogical university conduct disciplines - religious studies, the history of world religions. It is emphasized that the training of students in this direction is necessary for a modern specialist. On the basis of questionnaires, it was concluded that university students study with interest the peculiarities of the religions of Dagestan as a multi-national and polydenominational region of the Russian Federation, there is a growing interest in Muslim law and religious disciplines in general. This interest is explained not only by the recognition of the serious contribution of Muslim lawyers to the world legal culture, but also by the role that Islam plays in the modern world, which has a direct impact on the political situation in many countries and the system of international relations in general.

10

Authors: Evgeny P. Agapov, Lyudmila P. Pendyurina

Considering the opinion of a number of scientists, the revolutionary explosion in 1917 was not so much a natural change of economic formations, as a form of resolving the most acute contradictions of Russian society in the socio-economic sphere. One of the main contradictions was the lag of Russia from industrialized countries both in the direction of the development of technology and labor productivity and the general culture of the population. It is justified that the development of infrastructure services sector during the period of the planned economy contributed to economic growth and was important in solving the strategic tasks of the country`s economic development for the effective use of material and labor resources, since insufficient level of its development is a significant deterrent to achieving economic growth, which requires state policy strengthening in relation to infrastructure services sector. Objects of social and household infrastructure create opportunities to meet both the biological needs of a person for creation of conditions for his survival as a member of a social community, and from the point of view of his existence and realization as a person. The formation of these minimal needs and the process of their implementation in relation to the Soviet period are insufficiently studied, which is explained by certain socio-economic reasons, one of which is disregard for the social needs of a person. The study of the socio-economic needs of the population, including in the dynamics of its development, is necessary for the more complete understanding of the social policy of the Soviet state, and determining the degree of its influence on the daily life of the people.