Science almanac of Black sea region countries

6

Authors: Anastasiya V. Perekrestova

In the course of development of surrounding reality by the person the results of this knowledge are always reflected and fixed in his consciousness where they take a form of skills, abilities, knowledge and also types of behaviour and communication. From the totality of these indicators, a certain model or a view of the world, is crystallized. Over the millennia of the mankind existence, many worldviews were created, and each of them had its own, unique vision of the surrounding reality and the specifics of its explanation. But only the scientific worldview is distinguished by the proper completeness of the idea of physical reality, because it includes the most important achievements of science, and thereby creates a certain understanding not only of the world itself, but also of the man`s place in it. This worldview is characterized by the ideas of general spheres, laws, levels and properties of reality, built into a holistic system. In its essence, the scientific worldview is a qualitative generalization of various scientific theories and their worldview synthesis, in other words, it represents a special form of knowledge systematization. Today, the worldview is a scientific ontology that not only studies the facets of existence, but also constantly stimulates the expansion of the cognition boundaries. In recent decades, due to the major changes in the information environment of society, the task of building an objective worldview has become especially important. In this sense, studies of the natural sciences, which precede ontological order ideas, and the integration of their results into the general model of reality, can contribute to the methodology of thinking for new interpretations of scientific discoveries and their adequate description.

7

Authors: Nargilya A. Gadzhieva, Diana Sh. Asulova, Yarhanum R. Yarova

Semiotics began as an academic study of the meaning of words (linguistics), switched to the study of the people`s behaviour (anthropology and psychology), then to the study of culture and society (philosophy and sociology), after which it switched to assisting in the analysis of cultural products. Semiotics has recently become a methodology for the study and analysis of national costumes, everyday clothes, food, consumer behaviour, etc. In the value picture of the world of a certain ethnos there are the most significant cultural and semantic dominants for it, defined in cultural studies as concepts. The main object of the study of semiotics of culture is the hierarchy of sign systems of both existing and historical culture, as well as the relations between these sign systems. The study of the cultural space is carried out through the study of ethnoculture, the main focus is on the consideration of semiotics of culture and ethnocultures of the Bulgarian and Macedonian peoples on the examples of national clothing, features of national cuisine, with a focus on their social significance and interrelationship.

7

Authors: Olga M. Zatesova

The article is devoted to the study of the experience of the Kuldur resort in the formation of a special socio-cultural environment of the adjacent territory. The specificity of the cultural impact of the resort on the adjacent populated area has been investigated. Sources on the history of Far Eastern health resorts, balneology, materials of the Far Eastern press of the late 19th - early 20th centuries were collected, a number of archival documents were considered, allowing to draw up a comprehensive picture of the cultural influence on the territory. It was revealed that the Kuldur resort, which arose in the taiga, was initially in difficult conditions: remoteness from big cities, unfavorable climate, lack of attractions. The health resort was faced with the task of organizing a good rest for patients with cultural leisure. This task cannot be accomplished without trained personnel. Therefore, the young health resort, in addition to the general utilitarian function of improving the population, acted as an organizer of the cultural and educational environment for the population of the adjacent residential area. The resort passed this test and until 1991 was engaged in the organization of cultural programs for the population, much attention was paid to the aestheticization of the territory of the resort and settlement, work with personnel, scientific and educational activities, the development of the creative potential of the individual. Today shows that without a dynamic well-coordinated work with the staff and the population, the area itself and the resort fell into decay. It is concluded that the positive experience of the Kuldur resort can be applied in other resort areas of the Far East.

8

Authors: Vadim N. Goncharov, Olga Yu. Kolosova, Ekaterina Yu. Litvinova

In the process of ethnographic studies of modernity, the main question arose regarding the social sphere, its entities and forms, which are defined as a social connection. The problems of public relations are considered by representatives of various research areas, primarily within the framework of sociological sciences. In addition, representatives of such scientific disciplines as pedagogy, psychology, psychiatry, who in the accelerating process of civilization of the modern world see a threat to a person who is becoming increasingly lonely, trace the role and importance of public relations in certain combinations of people in their research of current problems. This threat is compounded, in particular, by constant neuropsychiatric tension, haste, an excess of information, as well as depersonalization of public relations. The public relation represents an organized system of relations, institutions, means of public control that unites individuals, subgroups and other constituent elements of the combination, into integrity. Each combination must be internally organized and streamlined. Considering agrarian traditions in the context of the socio-cultural sphere, some of their theoretical aspects are clarified. It is shown that agrarian traditions act as a kind of phenomenon in the general system of folk culture.