Science almanac of Black sea region countries

6

Authors: Svetlana S. Zubareva

The article is devoted to the study of the information society formation in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in our country the transformation of social reality has been observed throughout all historical development. At first, the transformation took place in line with socialist and communist ideologies, as opposed to global capitalism. Then, since 1991, its transformation had been taking place on the basis of the ultraliberal paradigm of Adam Smith. The sources and mechanisms of modern sociocultural changes are processes accompanying the intense trends of digital globalization, the digital transformation of social institutions, digital society, the primacy of a single global information space and digital technologies. The formation of the information society is presented as a point of bifurcation, which was preceded by transformations in the axiosphere of the Russian civilization. The synergistic approach to the analysis of the essence of the phenomenon of the reality of the information society is proposed. The purpose of the study is to analyze trends and prospects for the development of the information society as "social bifurcation." The author`s attention is focused on scenarios of the evolution of information reality in the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the most acceptable development option is the globalization of our country, which allows us to ensure independence and national exclusivity through the national digital sovereignty and an appeal to the traditional Russian values.

7

Authors: Aslan M. Chechenov, Zarema A. Atabieva

The purpose of this article is to offer a socio-philosophical analysis and methodology for studying the relationship between social conflict and development. Conflicts and development always accompany each other. However, not all development is accompanied by conflict. Therefore, we have to determine what kind of development we are dealing with, and what specific conflict it is accompanied by. In this regard, it should be emphasized that a number of conflicts lead to destructive consequences nullifying all development efforts. On the other hand, some conflicts can stimulate development and even determine what development is needed. Development is often caused by existing conflicts and contradictions that need to be resolved. To analyze the proposed topic of the article, the following tasks are considered: the links between conflict and development are analyzed, scenarios for the development of conflict using indicators are considered, and methodology for analyzing stable development is revealed. The application of developed methods is possible not only in the analysis of specific conflicts, but also in the diagnosis of conditions and factors in the development of specific regions and territories.

7

Authors: Tamara A. Bondarenko, Veronika S. Vlasova

The cognitive attitudes in scientific and religious knowledge are analyzed from the point of view of the presence of isomorphism in these processes. The comparative method was chosen as the nodal method of research, without which other approaches used in the article could not be implemented. The principle of trust in the subject of knowledge as the integrity and inseparability of all its attributes is justified: cognitive abilities, sensory experience, motivation, value system, etc. The innovation consists in an emphasis on the bodily experience of the cognizing subject, whose body is his support. The article presents the analysis of conventionalism as an attitude that is relevant for both science and theology. The article reconstructs isomorphic attitudes in scientific and religious knowledge.

8

Authors: Alexandr V. Dzhioev, Nodar G. Caberty

The article highlights the problems of the high natural decline in the population of the Russian Federation observed since the beginning of 2019 due to the increased mortality and the decline in the birth rate of the population. It has been shown that the mortality caused by the coronavirus infection COVID-19 only aggravated the previously existing trend of reducing the population of Russia, but was not its root cause. It is concluded that the country is experiencing dangerous demographic phenomena, the socio-economic consequences of which may have a serious negative impact on sustainable development in the not-too-distant future. The demographic interests of the state and society, according to the authors, are in the formation of a new type of population reproduction, the main characteristic features of which should be: overcoming depopulation; deliberately regulated fertility aimed at complete replacement of generations; steadily decreasing mortality and increasing life expectancy; progressive age-sex structure of the population; optimal internal and external migration processes; strengthening the family as a social institution. To substantiate the conclusion about the historical conditionality of the deterioration of the country`s demographic situation, the indicators of population dynamics over the past decades are analyzed, the negative impact of the demographic crisis in Russia on the country`s security is shown, and an assessment of government measures to improve the demographic situation is given.

6

Authors: Ivan P. Getmanov

The article develops the idea of cultural evolution and coevolution of cultures. The author applies an evolutionary-synergetic approach to substantiate his views. The notion of cultural attractor is used to justify the idea of coevolutionary unification of cultures. The patterns of cultural development are such that subse-quent cultures are influenced by previous cultures. Humanity is in captivity of both ancient and new myths. The process of unification of cultures goes through a chaotic state, through periods of increasing entropy of social systems and national-ethnic cultures. The drama of cultural evolution lies in the fact that the mutual influence of cultures is not symmetrical. For the last two centuries, Western civilization has dominated in the socio-political, scientific and technical, and information technology fields. This has determined its dominance in the world. It is noted that different nations may dominate different areas of public life. It is also alleged that the acceleration of information processes and the formation of global information networks inevitably level the cultural differences of peoples. Three levels of coevolution of cultures are distinguished, each of which includes interactions between cultures simultaneous, one-space, different in time and different in space.

7

Authors: Andrey Yu. Smirnov

The main goal of this article is to analyze the risks of mass introduction of digital technologies and their impact on the main function of the social institution of education. Regardless of the historically established scientific and conceptual approaches to the institutional structure of society, the main function of the institution in question is the educational one, which is usually divided into education and training, which are not synonyms, as many believe. Each of these elements has its own content and objectives. They determine the main social and status characteristics of a person, influencing his subsequent existence in society. This article contains a brief description of the digitalization process as the main phenomenon of our time, the significance of its impact on the development of all spheres of society is determined. The specificity is also indicated and the contradictory nature of the course of this process is shown: namely, the negative component of the influence of digitalization on the main function of the social institution of education is revealed. The significance of digital technologies is quite clearly marked and has a real manifestation in the life of every modern person. Learning and education processes are no exception. With the massive introduction of an innovation, along with the positive, there are always possible negative consequences. As a rule, they are probabilistic, often unpredictable. The materials of the scientific article contain the results of research demonstrating the specific manifestation of the predicted negative consequences and their objective existence in the modern education system.

7

Authors: Tamara A. Bondarenko

The concept of virtual reality is reconstructed, which is defined as a symbolic, in fact, objectively and actually existing reality. It is initially set by a person; it is dynamic and actively interacts with the person and society as a whole. Being symbolic in nature, it objectively exists only in the consciousness of a person at the moment of being in it. It is noted that due to these properties, virtual reality acts as a significant factor of influence on a person, which is ambivalent in nature, has both positive (lability, new communicative experience, relaxation, etc.) and negative (psychological discomfort, current stress, dependent behaviour, etc.) consequences. Indicated changes in the self-consciousness of the individual are manifested in socially significant actions for the individual. It is shown that virtual reality can help to reveal the inner world of a person, especially his hidden desires, thoughts, and gravitations. Through it, a person can receive moral support, which in general will increase self-esteem, positively affect the psychological state and ensure confident and effective behaviour. The article points to the relevance of the problems both from the point of view of philosophy and from the point of view of practical significance, especially in the field of psychology and pedagogy.

8

Authors: Maida G. Mustafaeva, Farid M. Mustafaev, Sarat G. Hiyasova

The subject of consideration is the emerging practice of participation of public institutions in the spiritual and moral education of students and schoolchildren, and within its framework, the practice of state-religious partnership. The formed model of activity "university-school-social partnership" is analyzed. The process of forming a system of state-religious partnership in the spiritual and moral education of students is considered in more detail, carried out in the educational and pedagogical process by the teaching staff of the oldest in the North Caucasus Dagestan State Pedagogical University. Almost all faculties of the pedagogical university conduct disciplines - religious studies, the history of world religions. It is emphasized that the training of students in this direction is necessary for a modern specialist. On the basis of questionnaires, it was concluded that university students study with interest the peculiarities of the religions of Dagestan as a multi-national and polydenominational region of the Russian Federation, there is a growing interest in Muslim law and religious disciplines in general. This interest is explained not only by the recognition of the serious contribution of Muslim lawyers to the world legal culture, but also by the role that Islam plays in the modern world, which has a direct impact on the political situation in many countries and the system of international relations in general.

10

Authors: Evgeny P. Agapov, Lyudmila P. Pendyurina

Considering the opinion of a number of scientists, the revolutionary explosion in 1917 was not so much a natural change of economic formations, as a form of resolving the most acute contradictions of Russian society in the socio-economic sphere. One of the main contradictions was the lag of Russia from industrialized countries both in the direction of the development of technology and labor productivity and the general culture of the population. It is justified that the development of infrastructure services sector during the period of the planned economy contributed to economic growth and was important in solving the strategic tasks of the country`s economic development for the effective use of material and labor resources, since insufficient level of its development is a significant deterrent to achieving economic growth, which requires state policy strengthening in relation to infrastructure services sector. Objects of social and household infrastructure create opportunities to meet both the biological needs of a person for creation of conditions for his survival as a member of a social community, and from the point of view of his existence and realization as a person. The formation of these minimal needs and the process of their implementation in relation to the Soviet period are insufficiently studied, which is explained by certain socio-economic reasons, one of which is disregard for the social needs of a person. The study of the socio-economic needs of the population, including in the dynamics of its development, is necessary for the more complete understanding of the social policy of the Soviet state, and determining the degree of its influence on the daily life of the people.

5

Authors: Vachit Kh. Akaev, Laila M. Ismailova

The achievements of modern civilization associated with the use of scientific and technological achievements, high technologies that determine the development of the economy, social and cultural processes are characterized. There are also noted processes that have a negative character associated with the activities of transnational corporations that generate factors of suppression of the national interests of states, individual peoples involving them in the processes of urbanization, standardization of ethnic cultural values that disfigure traditional spiritual, cultural and moral values.

6

Authors: Svetlana S. Zubareva

The article is devoted to the analysis of specificity of information reality formation in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the appeal to the study of the construction of updated social reality is due to the fact that the specificity of its formation is determined by the transitive state of society itself and the dynamics of social processes. The synergistic approach to the analysis of the essence of the phenomenon of information reality is proposed. The purpose of the study is to analyze the construction of information reality as "social bifurcation", a turning point in the history of Russia. The model of social bifurcation of the Russian sociocultural space, expressed in the development and formation of the information society, based on a set of historical events, fundamental changes in various branches of public life, is proposed. It is noted that during the formation of the updated social reality, various social and economic relations underwent transformation. The key characteristic of updated reality is technology that replaces human activity. However, not only has technological progress become a defining element in constructing the reality of the information society. The author draws attention to the fact that in the countries of the Black Sea region, united by the common cultural history, political and trade and economic ties, this was made possible due to the penetration and entrenchment of the Western European value orientations, lifestyle and the way of perception of the outside world of the information society.

6

Authors: Dinara Ya. Gordienko, Elmira A. Imanmagomedova, Aida I. Akavova

Culture is made up of many elements. Some of the elements are more obvious, others less: clothing, language, food, customs, beliefs, values, religious beliefs, superstitions, etc. In recent years, there has been an increase in academic interest in the culture and heritage of the Black Sea region. The increased emphasis and interest in issues of national identity in the states of the region have made a significant contribution to scientific discussions. The culture and language of Georgia has changed, enriched and developed in the process of centuries-old history, forming unique customs and traditions. At the same time, the issue of national dress in the historical and cultural aspects, its connection with national identity was rarely considered in publications. It was emphasized that the Georgian national costume reveals cultural traditions, history, beliefs, ideas about the beauty of the Georgian people.

7

Authors: Elena V. Dashkova

The concept of "tourism" is a base for a number of phenomena of human existence, directly related to going beyond the boundaries of their everyday life. That is why when we talk about tourism, it is usually not a business trip, but rather a recreational and cognitive journey. The article analyses ethnocultural tourism in the context of intercultural communication. It is justified that ethnocultural tourism, as a collection of tourism practices that demonstrate the most diverse sections of human existence in culture, plays one of the defining roles in the diversity of intercultural communication, familiarity with regional cultures and cognition of traditional ways, values and folk beliefs. Ethnocultural tourism can not only form the historical memory necessary for the formation of civic culture, but also act as a means of aesthetic enjoyment and cognition of forms of culture in their diversity. It has been suggested that ethnocultural tourism requires its participants to be more prepared and willing to learn the specifics of the peoples of Russia and the whole planet, which influences people who choose ethnocultural tourism as a leisure practice and at the same time a spiritual understanding of reality.

7

Authors: Dmitry I. Uznarodov

The specificity of the demographic transformations of the Ukrainian population of Crimea in the period from 1989 to 2014 is considered. Based on the analysis of the popu-lation censuses of 1989, 2001 and 2014, demographic changes within the Ukrainian ethnos are revealed during two periods: from 1989 to 2001 and from 2001 to 2014. The analysis of changes in the number of the Ukrainian ethnic group in the context of the municipalities of the Crimean Peninsula is carried out. It is concluded that the percent-age of the Ukrainian ethnic group in the structure of the population of the Crimean Peninsula, which we could observe in the period from 1989 to 2001, was formed as a result of the policy of resettlement of citizens to this region in the late 1940-s and early 1950-s from various republics of the Soviet Union, mainly the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR. It is noted that the regions with the maximum number of the Ukrainian ethnic group are historically located in the northern regions of the Crimean Peninsula, and with the smallest – in the southern regions. The study showed that changes in the ethnic structure began to occur after the events of 2014 and the entry of Crimea into the Russian Federation, when, according to the 2014 population census, the number of Ukrainians in the republic, compared to 2001, decreased by almost 9%. According to the analysis, if in the period from 1989 to 2001 the maximum scale of the decrease in the number of the Ukrainian ethnic group took place in the central part of the Crimean peninsula, then in the period from 2001 to 2014 the largest scale of the decrease in the number of the Ukrainian ethnic group was observed in the municipalities of the northern part of the Republic of Crimea, which, in our opinion, this is mainly due to the outflow of the population from these territories, due to the negative reaction of some Ukrainians to the events of the "Crimean Spring" 2014.

8

Authors: Fatimet N. Khuako

The subject of the research is the Circassian aesthetics. The linguistic panorama of the Circassians carries the Russian-Circassian double-digit core, which explains the need to turn to the modern author`s creation of a text from the standpoint of communication, taking into account the ethno-peculiar in concrete aesthetics. It is emphasized that the attention of researchers to the issues of mental thinking in the double-digit linguistic design of a literary text is increasing today. It is shown that in the bilingual Russian-Circassian space, throughout its existence, textual impregnation has been combined into the presentation of various expressive means, semantically saturated with the Circassian mentality, designated as "mental phrasemes". It is concluded that word-creators, who are themselves native speakers of the national language, deliberately and systematically include in the text they produce, the corresponding expressive phrases, sometimes colloquial, but bearing the tonality necessary for the authors. The conclusion contains the idea that the modern Circassian author manages to consider in an artistic presentation philosophical truth that continue to fill mental interests to this day. As a methodology used in the study, the periodical comparison of the conceptual data available on the issue is mainly used, as well as the terminological analysis produced on its basis, which helps to capture an objective perspective of the problem with the involvement of textual illustrations.

5

Authors: Madina Z. Magomedova

The article presents a multi-level structure of identification in the youth environment in an interdisciplinary manner. The search for identity is especially relevant for the younger generation, which does not have an established system of values, in connection with the crisis in the spiritual sphere of society and a certain ideological vacuum. The transformation of the sociocultural space has led to a crisis of identification certainty and blurred life strategies among modern youth. Ignoring the problems of sociocultural identification of young people will lead to negative consequences in the very near future. Therefore, it is necessary to lay the foundations of civic consciousness, critical thinking, adaptive flexibility, professional competence and responsibility in the younger generation. The formation of identity is closely related to the socialization of a person within the framework of certain sociocultural traditions. In a multi-level identification structure, many identities are simultaneously combined, some of which are basic, others are auxiliary. Taking into account the peculiarities of youth as a social group, the author considered sociocultural identity, which includes ethnic, confessional, ethnocultural and civic identity. These types of identity are considered at the individual and group levels.

7

Authors: Nazhavat N. Abueva, Atikat Sh. Archilaeva, Yulduz U. Khochavova

The last decades have witnessed a growing interest in the contribution of pragmatism and non-verbal semiotics to the study of communication. Pragmatics rooted in philosophy, anthropology, sociology, explores language in social contexts, the ways in which people create and understand meanings through language. This branch of linguistics was developed in the 70s last century. The term pragmatics was invented in the 1930s by philosopher and psychologist C. Morris. According to his theory, signs do not refer to physical signs, but to the tone of voice and body language, i.e. movements, gestures, postures which often accompany speech. The application of semiotic concepts and methods in the field of cultural research today is the production and interpretation of meanings that are created through the deployment of the actions of objects that function as signs. The system of signs is made up of semantic relations that may exist between these signs. Such a relationship unfolds in space and time. The main attention in this work is paid to the consideration of the ways and means of expressing consent and disagreement in the language of the peoples of the countries of the Black Sea basin and the Balkan. A comparative typological study of the symbolic meaning of this expression in the non-verbal language of the people of Bulgaria and neighboring countries under the rule of the Ottoman Empire has been carried out.

7

Authors: Maxim G. Kuleshin, Pavel G. Nemashkalov, Elena A. Andreeva

In the course of cooperation between different countries, high-level institutions and organizations appear, in which the exchange of experience, the development of economic, scientific and technical cooperation, as well as measures to protect the sovereignty and coordination of the most important foreign policy aspirations of states are carried out. The need for cooperation has led to the creation of a wide network of specialized bodies for joint activities of specialists, including scientists. Social scientists from different countries usually cooperate on a bilateral basis. This is not accidental, since there are purely special problems, the solution of which presupposes the joint activity of societies of several countries. Global interaction in various fields of activity is developing before the eyes of all mankind. New traditions are being formed that contribute to the strengthening of ties between countries, of course, many problems arise. Sluggishness, national narrow-mindedness and sometimes an oversight in the development of fundamental forms of cooperation, and some-times ignorance of interests, hinder the deployment of new progressive initiatives. The formation and interaction of ethnocultural traditions based on multinationalism presuppose mutual concessions on the part of all participants. Hence the problem of territorial-spatial ties, that is, the relationship between sub-ethnic, ethnic and super-ethnic in emerging cultural traditions.

8

Authors: Vyacheslav A. Berkovskiy, Larisa A. Tronina, Aleksander A. Volkov

Lifestyle is a historical category that characterizes the real functioning life activities of people in the past, present and future. The way of life includes all forms of life activities of people, individuals, groups, societies. Currently, the concept of lifestyle is designed to reflect the degree of development of this society, the dynamics of living standards, and the harmonious development of the individual most comprehensively. The way of life of the vast majority of modern families is determined by the employment of spouses in public production. Various types of lifestyle development in the context of ethnocultural traditions are analyzed. Possible ways of using ethnocultural traditions of labour education and improving the domestic sphere of lifestyle of the modern family have been identified. It has been shown that for the vast majority of families, the problems caused by the well-known double industrial and family activities are relevant. One of the important problems in this aspect solved on a state scale is the improvement of the level of development and further specialization of the public service sector, the purpose of which is to meet the growing demands of the population in various forms of service, facilitate work, create better recreational conditions. However, although as a result of this important social objective, activities in the family may be minimized, the uneven burden in the domestic sphere may persist until the rational distribution of work among all family members becomes the norm of intra-family relations.