Science almanac of Black sea region countries

5

Authors: Kolosova Olga, Goncharov Vadim,

It has been analyzed the system of social and ecological monitoring, which allows ex-panding indicator set of characteristics of the state and dynamics of society to the limits covering not only social processes, but all aspects of relationship between society and nature. The system of social and ecological monitoring allows obtaining the sociological information promoting sustainable development of society. It allows to consider in detail socially – ecological processes and the phenomena, quickly to find changes and general tendencies of transformation of such processes and phenomena, to analyze simultaneously all social subjects according to their role in the development of social and ecological processes, to provide use of new methods of environmental and social assessments. Indicator set of characteristics of state and change of society in the course of social and ecological monitoring extends to the limits covering not only social processes, but also all aspects of communications between society and nature. Object of studying of social and ecological monitoring is a society and its life environ-ment. The society loses signs of totality and alignment. It is shown as changeable set of local fragments which are poorly conformed to each other and therefore they comprise variety of scenarios of further development. As perceptible improvement of ecological situation is inseparable from rationalization of economy and growth of social involvement of citizens at the specific level of local community, this level is considered to be optimum for research. At this level features and possibilities of solution of local problems can be considered; its cultural, ethnic and religious features are taken into account, lasting experience of aboriginal population and its tradition is considered, equitable distribution of environmental risk in community is provided. Receiving reliable information about changes in public consciousness, in public orientations, their influence on ecological consciousness of people on extent of their concern in the ecological situation, on ecological activity and factors inducing to this activity is possible only when performing large-scale social and ecological monitoring. Early warning of growth of social tension in regions and in the country in general, formations of the new ecological consciousness corresponding to the modern period of development of world civilization requires studying of public opinion by state bodies, public organizations, parties and political movements, scientists and experts, members of media and education systems. Ecological awareness is a basis of ecological thinking formation. It will allow changing focus of consumer society from thoughtless ruin and exploitation of nature to careful attitude to its resources, understanding of their authentic value. Studying of public opinion on environmental problems by means of mass survey is necessary, but it is insufficient condition of forecasting of people social behavior. When considering public opinion as one of regulators of social behavior in the conditions of social and ecological intensity it is necessary to consider also the possibility of its change under influence, first of all media, rumors, activities of system of ecological education. Value of social and ecological monitoring is that it, except for fixing of changes of public opinion of the population, allows determining efficiency of specific actions for impact on public opinion of such factors as orientation and intensity of mass-media appeals to ecological subject.

5

Authors: Petrova Yulia, Yarovoy Maxim

Ecology of culture is the youngest of the cultural sciences, which meaning until re-cently was regarded as intuitively clear and not requiring special analysis. In the situation of understanding of the harmful effects of industrial civilization, ecological culture that manifests itself as a result of human understanding of unity of man and nature, as "a body of knowledge, skills, moral norms and values transmitted from generation to generation in education and training may be considered especially significant. Ecology of culture of the North Caucasus is a profound spiritual formation, based on the solid socio-historical foundation. cultural-environmental, cultural-creative activities of the North Caucasus creates human ability for transformation not only of nature, society and himself in correlation with basic anthropological values, which form the basis of cultural consciousness. Ecological culture requires constant study of the dynamics and transformation of this phenomenon due to new processes in the modern world, even more raising the significance and value of this phenomenon. In this connection there was a need for a multi-ethnic concept of modern development of ecological culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus to save for descendants the main factors of life support. At the present time the nations of the North Caucasus return to the historical past and want to experience a continuity of the ethnic past. This urge has arisen as a result of violations at some stage of the historical development of the peoples of the North Caucasus of balance between continuity and discontinuity which resulted the need for a modern collective identity. Among the main problems of the North Caucasus region, this can be described as eco-cultural issues there are several significant problems which solutions in the short term are very important for the development among the people of the North Caucasus. One of the main threats to cultural heritage - thriving in the North Caucasus "black archeology", which means illegal excavations at archaeological sites in order to extract artifacts for economic gain. Equally important, but considered a traditional problem for the North Caucasus region is the destruction of monuments of archeology and history in new construction. Along with these cultural problems of ecology, it is also essential to mention that the Caucasian peoples are no exception and problems that are specific for the whole of Russia also relevant and important for them.

5

Authors: Mustafaeva Maida, Mustafaev Farid, Mustafaev Mustafa

It has been carried out a comparative socially-philosophical analysis of value orientations of the modern Dagestan youth, its relation to national and international problems in the region. Sociological material quiz and analysis of Dagestan students opinion is indicated there: DSU, DSPU, DSMA, DSTU and DSAA. Distribution of answers according to universities gives differentiating picture of students value orientations. Thus, for instance, during sociocultural and ethnonational values research of various socially-ethnical cultures modern studentship, the answers to the question “What do you follow in your behavior?” shown that traditions and customs of elders, ancestors act as the basic behavior regulator for 52,1 % of Dagestan students. Also the opinions of “relatives and friends”, surrounding people significantly influence on Dagestan students. Many students act in a certain manner by force of “habit” (17%), and “calculation” (12%) stands behind their actions. A lot of people follow “exiting national traditions” in their behavior (64, 6%). Behavior formation on “calculation” is accepted to consider as pragmatic tendencies manifestation in a person moral orientations, which in their turn, act as the result of socially-political instability of modern society, changes in the sphere of labor and personal relations, reflect disbelief to the authority and surrounding people. Birthplace and nationality of a person, settled factor can also significantly influence on his value system formation. According to the results of the research, natives of the Dagestan village are in their behavior more inclined to follow “surrounding people opinion” (35%), “existing national traditions” (35%). Urban students – “opinion of relatives and friends” (27%), “habit” (13%), “law” (10%), “intelligence” (60%). Determination of a person moral quality in the ethnonational environment is considered to be the important moment under the value orientations analysis of the Dagestan student youth. It turned out that the students of the Dagestan universities more over appreciate in people such qualities as honesty (68,7%), kindness (40,6%), industry (28,7%), modesty (28,1%) and self-esteem (25,7%). But patriotism and internationalism are more highly ap-preciated by the Dagestan students (60,9%), than other personal qualities. The idea about Dagestan students estimation peculiarities of some or other features, person qualities, be-ginning from patriotism, gives us their further analysis depending on gender, speciality, university, nationality, place of birth and a year of study. If speak about patriotism and in-ternationalism separately in the respondents estimations according to the indicated para-meters, then men (youth) (63%) highly estimate the given quality, than women (girls) (38%). The students of technical specialities (45%) estimate patriotic orientations and qualities of a person higher, than humanitarian (25%) and naturalist students (20%). Among DSPU there are about (32%) of such students, while in DSMA there are (22%), but in DSAA the given quality remained without estimation. 28% of Russian students consider patriotism and internationalism to be valuable qualities of a person. Patriotism is rather more valuable for the village natives (45%). Industry, working efficiency, patriotism and internationalism are rather more valuable qualities for men (33%), technical specialties students (35%), DSTU students (43%), equally for the students of Kumyk, Lezgin and Lak nationalities (35%), those who live in urban area (40%). Self-esteem is more estimated by women (girls) (29%), technical specialties students (31%), DSTU students (46%), respondents of Lak nationality (39%) and urban natives (34%).

6

Authors: Zubareva Svetlana

Security problem of the generation “Y” in Russia and in the countries of the Black Sea region have a special actuality in connection with alterations, nowadays taking place in the world geopolitical situation. Considering the character of occurrent events and their consequences, directly influencing on population employable part, it is necessary to con-sider possible threats and risks, which the young generation representatives can be sub-jected. The influence of occurred events in the values formation context of young people generation first was considered by the American sociologists Neil Howe and William Strauss in 1991. Under the “Y” population they understood people, born from 1984 to 2003, characterized by deep involvement into digital technologies. Nowadays the given generation of young people is in the frustration state in conse-quence of discrepancy of wishes to existing possibilities, among which are available edu-cation, privileged accommodation, financial independence, presence of high-paying job. In the period of economic stability the problems can be solved and soften, then in connection with the economic crises in Russia, unstable economic situation, inflation they are considerably complicated. The given mental condition is capable to lead to undesirable consequences, negative for the society in whole. An individual begins to be dangerous not only for himself, but also for the surrounding people, losing the moral orientations under the conditions of traditional norms and values dithering. The youth as a transit and unstable group is mainly defenceless in front of the negative tendencies of modernity. Thus, gradually values of labor, freedom, democracy, international tolerance are neutralized. Under that avalanche criminalization of the youth takes place, numerical strength of the young people with social deviations also arouses, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, participation in extreme movements and cyberterrorism. Taking into consideration that the future is depended on the generation “Y” there ap-pears demand in system, regulating comprehensive development of the youth potential. Formation and system effective functioning of the youth social safety of Russia and the Black Sea region countries is necessary in all spheres of the generation “Y” activity. Or-ganization-administrative maintenance creates conditions, contributing to state of a person self-protection, social group, and community from the threats violation of their vital interests, rights, freedoms. The given process is necessary especially in political and socially-economic life for functioning of social, economic, cultural potential and also contributed to international competitive ability supplying and national security fortification. For the recent years the security problems of the young generation are in the focus of scientific community and of various levels authorities. In Russia this is reflected in realization of various social programs, such as juridical consulting, healthy lifestyle promotion, and organization of the youth international interaction, support of voluntary initiatives, assistance in employment, civic engagement increasing, and assistance delivery for the young people in difficult situations. However, in connection with alterations, taking place in the world space and in the countries of the Eastern Europe and North Asia, particularly it is necessary to consider, that the given process is out the frames of one country and requires collegial decision of countries according to the question of the modern youth security of the Black Sea post-Soviet countries.

7

Authors: Stepanyan Oleg

Last great algological researches on Abkhazia shelf were conducted in 1960-1970s. In connection with USSR disintegration, war conflict, maritime scientific researches in this region were not realized more than 20 years. In July 2010 South scientific centre RAS for the first time conducted the complex ecosystem researches in the contemporary history of Republic of Abkhazia, the modern estimation of phytobentos condition was one of the challenges. Phytobentos sample taking is conducted in the littoral zone of Abkhazian shelf at the depth of 50m in the borders of work territory. At the row of stations with depths from 10 to 50m sea bottom dredgings were conducted with drag, bottom silt probes were selected with bottom-grab Van Veen, a part of the material was collected at breakwaters. Macro water plants in the soil probes, collected with bottom-grab Van Veen were ab-sent. Drag is appeared to be the most efficient, in the result of several dredging in the point with coordinates of 43º08'09" n.l. and 40º24'09" e.l. with deepness of 34 m, water plants, attached to small boulders, with total mass to 0,5 kg were raised. Among macro water plants the representatives of red water plants – Ceramium, Polysiphonia and brown – Cystosira, Dilophys predominated. Green water plants in the deep-water probes were not detected. At the same time predominance of the green and red water plants is detected in the littoral zone in fouling hydrotechnic construction (breakwaters) communities. Earlier A.A. Kalugina-Gutnik showed that water plants species composition is poor, because of loose grounds domination – just 113 of species or 38,7% from the general numerical strength of macro water plants of the Black sea, at that the leading position is taken by red and brown water plants. In the course of researches 33 water plant species were detected, from them green water plants – 11, red – 14, brown – 8. The conclusion of A.A. Kalugina-Gutnik about thickets water plants absence at the great part of Abkhazian shelf is actual nowadays. It is interesting to note that earlier for Abkhazian shelf water plants of Cystosira kind were not mentioned. The finding of Cystosira crinita testifies about widening of its areal resettlement in the south-east part of the sea. The researches were conducted in the summer period and that is why the represent-atives of the winter-spring algal flora (Bangia, Urospora, Pylaiella, Ectocarpus and others). typical for adjoining area of Big Sochi were not detected. In the same time 13 species of brown and red water plants are detected, earlier not mentioned in the south-east part of the Balck sea, but usual in the water area of Big Sochi. Steady tendency of green water plants increase is marked for Russian part of the Black sea waters. For Abkhazian shelf this tendency is not so expressed, and insignificant presence of green and red water plants of polysaprobic group testifies about small limnetic flowing and minor removal of biogenic elements. In the last decade for Russian part of the Black sea waters narrowing of water plants areal to 5-15 м, practically algal ring at the solid understratum deeper 20m absented or significantly fragmented. Detection of water plant communities in the waters of Abkhazia at the depth of 40 м, testifies about absence of negative phenomena that probably connected with more favourable ecological atmosphere. Regionalization of the Black sea littoral part and revelation of 14 flora regions were conducted by A.A. Kalugina-Gutnik. Such extraction preserves actuality and corresponds to the modern phyto-geographical regionalization. The new phyto-geographical region is separated in the work of V.N. Nikitina and O.A. Lisovskaya for the south-east part of the Black sea – “continental slope of the north-west part of Colchis coast”, apparently such separation is rightful and the borders of phyto-geographical region are necessary to be enlarged, including Abkhazia shelf in it.

8

Authors: Chaika Alexander

Security – is an important condition of any system existence. State security can be defined as security condition of political system, state agencies, state territorial integrity, as well as sovereignty from internal and external threats. The basic elements of informative side state security are considered: subjects and objects of state security; state security threats; system, forces and supporting means of state security. State is the basic subject of state security. Objects of state security are no more than, as basic characteristics of state. Nowadays in theoretic-juridical science accepted the unite conception, in accordance with which the state is the society political organization based on public law, possessing such characteristics, as territory, supremacy inside the country and independence in foreign affairs (sovereignty), and also management apparatus separated from the rest society. The basic objects (they are also the basic directions) of state security are considered in the article: a) state (constitutional) system; b) state agencies; c) state sovereignty; d) state territorial integrity. State security threats are related to the most important elements of state security informative side. Security threat is determined as direct or circumstantial possibility of endamagement to constitutional laws, freedoms, worthy quality and living standard of citizens, sovereignty and territorial integrity, sustainability of Russian Federation, defense and security of state in the strategy of Russia national security till 2020. Several accepted classifications of national security threats are represented: according to state affiliation of danger source, forming the threat; according to the formation degree; depending on the character of threats, determined by their source and specificity; according to the spheres of human activity; according to the degree of subjective perception; in relation to human activity; according to the objects of national security. The conception of state security supporting system is considered, the basic values are identified. Considering the existing legislation in Russian Federation the organs of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, state, social and other organizations and associations, citizens, participating in security supplying in obedience to the law, and also legislation, regulating relations in the sphere of security, force and security safeguards form the state security supporting system. As any security supplying system the system of state security has subject, realizing certain functions, and object which security should be supplied. The basic functions of state security supporting system, forces and means of it realization are represented. Realization of state security is realized on the basis of organs power differentiation of legislative, executive and judicial authorities in the given sphere. One considered the basic directions of state security supplying in Russian Federa-tion, classification of threat types and system of the country security supplying under the modern conditions that gives more structured representation about the research subject.

3

Authors: Davydenko Ekaterina

The indigenous peoples of the Ugra territories have ancient history. Model relations with the nature of these peoples, as known is other than that of the civilized world. Developing together with the community, they learned to survive without doing violence to nature, including those of other human races. The author aims at considering the historical stages of social development of the indigenous peoples of the Khanty for more profound and many-sided presentation of the problem of socio-cultural relations and adaptation of small nations to the modern society. It is shown that with the development of the Russian state there was going systematic social development of indigenous peoples of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region. In the environment of indigenous Khanty it was gradually being developed the literacy, documentation systems; business relationship became more formal; schools, boarding schools were opened; measures were undertaken to preserve the Khanty language and national culture.

4

Authors: Ivanova Svetlana

The crisis and the destruction of the Soviet ideology and culture once again exposed and exacerbated the very problem of Russia's civilizational identity. Successful reforms, the implementation of national projects in Russia at the moment are not possible without taking into account the factor of identity. In recent years, political elites are increasingly paying attention to the project for the formation of civic identity. The basic fields for the formation of civic identity are the cultural, economic and political. At the end of 1980s, we observed the crisis of civic identity. At the beginning of the 1990s, we have been overcoming the crisis connected with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the destruction of the usual Soviet identity. Currently, you can already assume that the notion of "Russians" as the identification of the term as a whole has received public recognition and turned into a bit of updated operating cultural concepts, and not only by experts, but also at the grassroots level. Formation of Russian identity occurs in a multicultural and multiethnic environment, with the intensification of migration flows, total ethnic self-determination. These factors raise the question of the development of an optimal model of human identity in modern Russia. Here arises an important question about the place of Russian ethnic identity in modern civil project. In the center of methodological research related to the problem of identity actualization of the national cultural and historical specificity, as well as the analysis of the current mentality should be placed. Russian mentality underlying ethnic identification of Russian people, driven by the values of the spiritual, not the material and in the process of civilizational interaction borrowed socio-psychological qualities of other people, which resulted in a kind of solution to the Russian civilizational issues, such as the formation and development of statehood, relations between society and the individual, understanding of the nature of democracy, etc. When it is said that the Russians have lost identity, it seems either misleading or deliberately exaggerated. Over the years most Russian citizens have defined their religion. Many, as it was mentioned earlier, consider themselves to be Russians. Many even continue to consider themselves Soviet. The vast majority of people still consider themselves to the great Russian culture, citizens of a great country. Apparently, we should talk about what really is happening with self-development of identity, the transformation of new knowledge and ideas into new values and norms, adapting traditions to new realities.

4

Authors: Goryushina Evgeniya

The notion “political risk” in foreign political analytics was introduced in the quality of country risk component with the aim to explain a row of failure reasons of this or that country, not connecting directly with financial and economic factors. In the last decade, research of political risks is especially actual. However, because of corresponding researches interdisciplinary character, there is no proper attention to political risk in academic political science, that is why “political risk” is frequently determined as “political instability”. Political leaders on data aggregation exist with a goal to form indexes (as a rule, quantitative) of political risks. Particularly, “Marsh”, who in its turn rests on research data of the company “BMI Research” – the leading expert in the sphere of political analysis and credit risks. Political risks interactive map was prepared in the result of team-work in 2016. According to this research, terrorism and political violence, armed conflicts, powerful political actions, oriented to destruction of existing political systems, and also permanently low prices on commodities are considered to be the most significant political risks. “Marsh” experts from all the governments of Black sea region especially emphasize Ukraine, Moldavia and Armenia as countries with the highest index of political risk – 43,10 (in the short-run), and 39,60 (in in the longer term), 51,30 (in the short-run) and 51,10 (in in the longer term), 54,40 (in the short-run) и 59,60 (in the longer term) accordingly. At that stably medium (“orange”) indexes of political risks are preserved at all the other region governments. This shows that “Marsh” experts predict violence escalation in Nagorny Karabakh in connection with Azerbaidjan threats. Nevertheless, close connection of Armenia with Russia acts as constraining factor, particularly expressing in Russian military presence on the territory of Armenia that restricts Azerbaidjan actions. Also there are the following political risks, specific for Black sea region countries: - Georgia Euro-Atlantic intensions, situated at the height of their development, - natives of the North and South Caucasus republics join the rows of prohibited in Russia terroristic organization “ISIL”, - macroeconomic stability of countries in the region is under the pressure – currencies of region’s countries are significantly devaluated in the height of the fast currency transfers fall from abroad and stagnation in investment sector, - social and internal political problems (mass protests and constitutional reform in Armenia, activation of oppositional “United national movement” in Georgia under the conditions of complex economic situation and non-systemic Islamic opposition in Azerbaidjan), - unstable positions of the present government in Moldova, rent by competition for the power, - conflict in the South-East of Ukraine, which complicated relations with neighboring Russia for many years, under continuing poor perspectives of the country economy, - uncertainty around possible dialogues development trends with regional powers – Turkey and Iran. The work is accomplished within the frames of State task realization on 2016 No 007-01114-16 SR, project “Geopolitical transformations in Caspian-Black region: instruments on instability maintenance” according to the program of fundamental researches of RAS № I.13 presidium.

5

Authors: Astapov Sergey

In modern Russia the actuality of constant observation, evaluation and forecasting of intereth-nic and inter-confessional interaction is conditioned by modernization processes dynamism also in-cluding the spheres of ethnical and religious relations, despite of their existing inertial traditions po-tential. Ethno-confessional relations act as important constituents of the national security, as an eth-nical so national factor often produce conflict and extremist moods. Not numerous theological community could play its positive role in conflict decreasing and conflicts precaution in the sphere of state-confessional relations, if state and religious organizations could see experts in theologians, whose conclusions are accepted in the quality of qualified recommendations, according to these or that social questions. Two normative documents activated theologians-experts function: Federal law of RF from 27 of July 2002 No 114-FL “About extremist activity opposition” and Order of Justice Department of RF from 18 of February 2009 № 53 “About state theological expertise”. The first according to reli-gious organizations activity approved participation necessity of theologian specialist in materials expertise with extremism features, the second one – defined indispensable participation of scien-tists- theologians in activity of expert councils according to state religious expertise conducting un-der Justice Department of RF and its departments in the subjects of RF. The participation of theologians in forensic examinations appeared to be a momentous event for theological society. Firstly, religious organizations representatives showed interest to this society. It was expressed in that religious organizations attorneys, the literature of whom was admitted to be extremist, became looking for such experts among theologians, who could ably perform on the defense side. Thirdly, religious expertise educed collisions in religious materials estimation, con-nected with difference of religious discourse material and secular discourse of society law-enforcement system. Such-like collisions led to the law-enforcement practice advance. However preliminary examination from the religious community side is appeared to be more rational, than advance of normative acts in relation to religious unities activity in the wake of colli-sions appearing in law-enforcement practice. Theological expertise of legal norms, related to the religious unities activity, – is not the only sphere of state-confessional relations, where presence of theologians professional experience would be useful. Offers of physical and juridical persons act as religious expertise objects, besides the projects of regulatory act according to the questions of inter-confessional relations, containing in their appeals to the regulatory bodies, and also data of opinion polls and other monitoring events, mass media materials gathering according to the same questions. The role of religious expertise of such-like materials consists in clearing of their significance, and in a row of cases in – competence establishment from positions of religious discourse specificity, polyconfessional situation in secular (or post-secular) society.

5

Authors: Mustafaev M., Mustafaeva M., Magomedova Z.

All-Dagestan patriotism is considered as one of the most significant components of modern society development, and also as a feature of patriotism expression in especially specific multicultural region, as the Republic of Dagestan appears to be. The authors of the given article consider the concept “ all-Dagestan patriotism” as historically formed moral self-identification feature of Dagestan people, as a high step of emotionally-moral positive relation not only to people of their nationality, but to all so called “Dagestan people” of other nationalities. This is the feeling of the common motherland, common destiny and common perspectives of progressive development. The highest level of all-Dagestan patriotism is the deepest comprehension by people of various nationalities of their own responsibility for destiny of their common all-Dagestan motherland. As authors note this is possible only when a person is free from individual, group and national egoism. Sociological quiz of republic’s population, conducted by the authors in different years of self-identification problems approved that “all-Dagestan” directivity of various nationalities people - personally prevailed on dozens of percent in comparison with ethnonational, nationally - personal identification.

6

Authors: Savelyeva Olesya

The significant growth of the Armenian diaspora in the South of Russia explains the interest in the adaptation strategies of this group of migrants. The study of their experience in the integration of a new socio-cultural environment that allows to identify the components of effective adaptation strategies. One measure of the success of the adaptation is to acquire social status in the new social and economic environment. The main areas of economic activity of Armenians are presented on the example of the Rostov Region and Krasnodar Territory. Active economic activity of the Armenian diaspora in Krasnodar region, combined with high adaptability to market conditions contributed to an increased in comparison with the native majority of the material prosperity of the Armenian population. Not the last role was played by the fact that Russia has directed quite competitive part of Armenians, often not inferior to the level of education in Russian in Russia. In Krasnodar, educated and mobile groups of professionals, managers, entrepreneurs was much less than in the capital. But here, the Armenians, in comparison with the dominant Russian population, were presented in a sufficiently weighty proportions in groups of skilled labor. In socio-professional terms urban Armenian population of Kuban shows traditionally high orientation on trade. It is significant that even the results of the population census of the Russian Empire in 1897 in Ekaterinodar more than 50% of the Armenian population were engaged in trade, diversified intermediation and lending. According to the 2002 census only 8% of the Armenian population is involved in trade in the Krasnodar region. But still this kind of economic activity prevalent in the Krasnodar Armenians ahead of the same period among the Russian population is almost 2 times, and explains the smaller representation of Armenians among employees. Stable reduction of the share-Armenian traders can be explained by the majority of the chosen adaptation model - life strategy only for the first generation of migrants. Compared to the Russian Armenians in the Krasnodar region are less represented in the fields of education, industry and agriculture. A smaller representation of Krasnodar Armenians in agriculture can be explained partly by the fact that historically predominantly urban vector ethnic migration was partly forced phenomenon. As in the Krasnodar Territory, in the XXI century, the largest share of the Rostov Armenians found themselves in the wholesale and retail trade. In other areas of the employment share of Russian and Armenian population is almost the same except for an industry where there is a smaller proportion of the Armenians. Indicating the presence of the representatives of the Armenians in a number of professional associations "Russian" regions of Southern Russia, it is now becoming more and more significant. At the same time it is not just about trade or services. There is expansion and transformation of the original socio-professional structure of the gainfully employed Armenian population. Commerce and mediation "bias" of Armenians begins to flourish under the development of new social and industrial niches, increase the presence of its representatives observed in many professional societies and social hierarchies South Russian regions, which is an indicator of successful integration.

7

Authors: Uznarodov Dmitry

Scholars are considering the problem of aggravation "Circassian issue" in the south of Russia, which took place in 2007, after the city of Sochi was the capital of Winter Olympic games in 2014. Traditionally, the "Circassian issue" refers to the process of entering the Circassian ethnic group in the Russian Empire, which began at the end of the XVIII century and formally ended in May 1864 after the end of the Caucasian War. It is noted that to date the history of the Circassian people is often the subject of speculation by certain political forces, standing on the position of ethnic nationalism and pursuing their own specific goals. Almost immediately after Winter Olympic Games in 2014, a number of Circassian public organizations have criticized the holding of sports events in the region. In particular, against the games there were organized social movements such as the "Circassian congress", "Circassian International Association" and "Worldwide Circassian Brotherhood". Numerous Circassian diasporas didn’t stay aside, they created the committee so called "No Sochi 2014", which brought together about 30 Circassian movements and organizations around the world. It is emphasized that nowadays, there are three basic requirements that are put forward to the Russian authorities the Circassian national movement: 1) recognition of the Russian events of the period of the Caucasian war a genocide of Circassians; 2) assistance to the repatriation of Circassians to their historic homeland; 3) creation of a single Circassian subject of the Russian Federation. In a future prospect, the Russian authorities are not likely to bring into life all these requirements. One of the reasons is that the policy of the Russian Empire in relation to the Circassian ethnic group does not fall under the definition of genocide, stated in the UN Convention "On Prevention of the Crime of Genocide and Punishment." According to the author, we should differentiate two notions "genocide" and "war": unlike war, genocide is an intentional crime, its purpose to exterminate a race or an ethnic group. The second reason why the authority can’t implement the demands of Circassian public organizations of the requirements is that the decision on the relocation to the territory of the Ottoman Empire in the XIX century was taken by Circassians, mostly of their own free will, which was obtained due to the propaganda carried out by Muslim clergy, with the support of the Turkish government and diplomatic structures of the UK. As for the third requirement, the inability to implement it is stipulated for the fact that it carries a serious threat to the territorial unity of the Russian state. The project of creation the «Great Cherkess Republic» has existed since the beginning of the 90s, and the first requirement from Circassian national movement to leave Russia were made in the autumn of 1992. Availability of this project proves the desire of certain forces to undermine the national security of the Russian Federation, and also to make contribution to the weakening of the country's geopolitical position in the region.

3

Authors: Yu.A. Petrova

Different words can create various contextual considerations because language forms our thoughts, the nature of our communicational choices, and the relations, identity, and evaluative outcomes of this choice. From the twentieth century language came to be regarded as an "intermediate world" between thought and reality, individual consciousness and culture, a world in which an unstructured stream of impressions and unrelated messages got a conceptual form. The culture of the North Caucasus is not only a spatio-temporal boundaries of existence of separate ethnic groups living in this territory, but also reflects the vital functions of the individual, group and society as a whole. The ethnolinguistic view of the North Caucasus is a complex, dynamic, secondary formation, which has invariant ethno-linguistic constants, providing communication not only within the framework of the ethno-linguistic culture but also between cultures, due to the fact that language and culture are interconnected with each other.

4

Authors: L.K. Gurieva, A.V.Dzhioev

The article discusses the theoretical and methodological bases of management of sustainable development sectors at the regional level. The conditions for the sustainable development of the industry as a complex socio-economic system proved hierarchy of sustainable development of industry and the need to form complexes of the pyramid strategies to achieve them. On the basis of the research the following conclusions are made: 1) the development of the industry as a complex socio-economic system can be considered sustainable if it: is capable of self-preservation (which has the potential of self-development); adapting to the effects of external and internal environment (development provides security); it is an environmentally-oriented (keeps the natural foundation of its existence) and destroys the society; 2) in the light of the theory of innovation development of the sectors of the economy takes place only on the basis of consistently implemented product, process, organizational, managerial and social innovation; 3) according to the paradigm of sustainable development, federal and regional governmental power structures, companies and enterprises in the formation of a strategy for sustainable development of the industry is crucial to bear in mind the failure of industrial policy in the traditional sense of the growth of key economic indicators as economic growth only can be a sign of sustainable development, if it is aimed at improving the quality of life, the preservation of the ecological and biological balance, is provided with the newest productive forces and the development of new technological ways.

4

Authors: A.N. Bodrov, A.D. Pokhilko, A.A. Shmatko

It is considered the psychological conditions of formation of the ethnic group. The significance of the theory of the collective unconscious as the original archetype of cultural origins of ethnic groups is described. The methodological basis of the hypothesis about the impact on the collective subconscious modulation of the psychomechanisms is adopted by the constructivist concept. Construction of a conceptual scheme ethnic archetype based on a constructivist methodology would avoid extremes instrumentalism, interpret them on the basis of the principle of complementarity. This thesis applies to ethno-cultural archetype of Abasins. The formation of this ethnic group in terms of the psychological structure of the individual is a transformed information about the world, which integrates with psychic energy ethnicity. The ability of the collective unconscious to integrate with psychic energy, acquires the character of the modulation. Deeper knowledge of the cultures of ethnic archetypal is possible if research modulation processes in the psyche of individuals. With regard to the ethnic and cultural archetypes of modulation in the mind can be in a modified form, as the perception of language, historical experience, customs, traditions, beliefs, value system. Modulation in mind, apparently, plays an important, if not decisive, role in the formation of the archetype of ethnic groups and require more indepth and comprehensive study. Conceptualization of the concept of "ethno-cultural archetype" acquires a deeper meaning, taking into account such things as the collective subconscious and psychic modulation. Analysis of mental modulation problems in relation to ethnic and cultural archetype has some relevance to the psychological and philosophical concepts of constructivism in social psychology in general and ethnic psychology in particular

4

Authors: R.S. Ilyasova

The article reveals the content of the concept "language person", which is becoming more widespread in linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics and culture. The focus is accentuated on the analysis of alternative theories, including the theory of language personality, communication models and discourse. Since antiquity, the problem of "language and identity" evoked interest of linguists. The European linguistics arose when considering social nature of language, the relation of language and speech, language and the individual. The decisive role in the culture belongs to the values of the nation, which belongs to language and culture, and these values are the concepts of meaning. Chechen people culture is distinctive and unique. The main thing we can say on the interaction in the last century prevails with a rich Russian culture, Russian language and literature of the peoples. Through these connections occur mutual enrichment and mutual culture of different nations, the formation of specific cultural archetypes, and in the case of the intensity and duration of cultural interaction – the formation of cultural communities that have a supra-national and denominational character. It is stated that cultural identity enables the Chechen people to keep and carry through the centuries their ethnic identity and originality, cultural codes, which are open through spiritual mysteries and treasures of distant ancestors, fill them with new meaning and ideas, according to the time. The article emphasizes that in the language of the individual it is prevailing philosophic, sociological and psychological views on socially significant set of physical and intellectual property rights. The author concludes that the study of language at the intersection of different fields determines the complexity and ambiguity of approaches to the definition, structure, criteria and description of this concept.

4

Authors: L.H. Dzahova, T.I. Malieva

Significant transformations in the field of economics and politics dictate the need for an ideological reconstruction. In the history of Russia there are two ideas for integration function: Communist and monotheistic. The post-Soviet elite, faced with the problem of legitimizing their status, turned to religion as an ideological resource. Part of the elite oriented to the West, has made a choice in favor of religious individualism (Protestantism). This change is due to a desire to get rid of a collectivist worldview in favor of individualism, to remove the burden of responsibility. Protestantism, justifying the need for the individual to rely on their own resources, psychologically reinforced by the belief in their exclusivity, well-suited for this role. Ethno-national elite, on the contrary, asked the national religion. Turning from the general to the particular, the replacement of the principle of unity in diversity was triggered by the destruction and the weakening of state structures and relationships. Trying to give the status of a national religion and ideological braces dictated by political motives. The need to justify the tactical or strategic separatist aspirations. The ideological core of religion, ethnicity, serving imperious ethno-national elite can only be a principle of ethnocentrism. In the public debate it has been proposed as the idea of creating a synthetic religion – Development of religion, capable, supposedly, to remove religious differences and conflicts, to give impetus to the development of Russian society. In fact, synthetic religious structure is a way of abolishing the existing religions in the Russian space. Competition of different ideas in religion formation can make only the ideological and political projects at the state level, which aim to unite the members of society, regardless of their religious preferences.

5

Authors: D.I. Uznarodov

The article discusses the specifics of migration processes in the North Caucasus region in the post-Soviet period. It is determined that the intensification of migration processes in the region due to the influence of factors such as destabilization of the socio-economic and political situation, growth of nationalism in some republics and the problem of "divided" peoples resulting from repeated changes in the administrative-territorial structure of the state in the Soviet period. It was also determined that in 1990s and in 2000s the migration processes in the North Caucasus had different character. The specifics of migration processes in 1990s was that the largest ethnic group, which left the region during this period were Russians. In total, the region in this period left more than 55% of Russians, and in the Republic of Ingushetia and in the Chechen Republic, this number exceeded 90%. The peculiarity of migration processes in the North Caucasus in 2000s consisted in intensification of migration flows from some national republics, mostly Chechnya and Dagestan, to the territory of Stavropol region. It is noted that an impulse to increased migration from the North Caucasus republics on the territory of the Stavropol region was the creation of the North Caucasus Federal district in 2010, that evidenced by the almost twofold increase of migration trafficking in the region since that time.

5

Authors: A.M. Buttayeva

Prospects of development of any country are determined not so much by achievements in some certain areas, technologies, but much depend on the effectiveness of innovative mechanisms of interaction in the society of political, cultural, spiritual and religious values, etc. In this process, the role of politics, religion, effectiveness of the mechanism of interaction between different parties and religions, based on the predominance of the spiritual component is very important. Today, there are people working in the field of dissemination of religious knowledge. The attitude towards those who try to spread religious knowledge, who tries to influence public opinion, creating an image of this or that religion, in particular, Islam in recent years seriously changed. In this situation the question of whether the objective religious knowledge is possible in general, isn't academic. This is a question about what is the future of Islam, at least in Russia, in the society, which is now formed in it. Certainly, before us immediately rise a lot of problems concerning the admissible and tolerant relations between personal, social and religious values. These problems can be disclosed only in specific spiritual searches, but not resolved once and for all during single discussion. The purpose of this article is social- philosophical analysis of the current situation in the system of Islamic religious education in the republics of the North Caucasus, in particular the modern Dagestan. Research of social and cultural role and importance of Islamic education in the North Caucasus and its republics, as well as its ontological and epistemological aspects seems topical and urgent necessity for today. And also to unambiguously estimate the role and importance of Islamic education in the North Caucasus republics, its possibilities and perspectives is simply impossible. One thing is clear - the religious literacy of the population, as well as secular, is necessary for any civilized society as a guarantee of interfaith tolerance, as a condition of activity in a multicultural, multiethnic environment, a stable barrier against radical views.

5

Authors: D.B. Byazrova

The article is devoted to the most important issues to ensure inter-religious dialogue in modern Russia. The urgency of the problems dictated by a number of reasons: the need to find a basis of conjugation of religious differences in modern Russian society with the traditional multiethnic, multi-religious way of life, the need for social stability and social consensus in the horizontal and vertical sections of Russian society, the imperative of overcoming religious intolerance in society and on the orientation interfaith dialogue. The author notes that the dialogue between religions, contributing to the formation of the population of respect for religious pluralism and cultural diversity is possible under the condition of overcoming of mutual ignorance and prejudice. The process of forming a culture of tolerance should include a whole range of legal, civil, political, moral, cultural and educational imperatives. Forming of adequate stateconfessional relations should be based on the fundamental principles of freedom of conscience, as well as Russian historical traditions and modern realities, including the specifics of inter-religious dialogue for each region, taking into account its socio-economic and cultural characteristics.

3

Authors: A.P. Ivashchenko

Constrained mass migration in the modern world, induced by social-political system crisis, leads to a new ethno-cultural crisis. From this point of view, interconnection between crisis phenomena and actualization of ethnical identity is considered. Interethnic conflicts escalation, economic difficulties and deterioration in relations with the West, complex relations with our “direct neighbors” raised influence of ethnical factors to the mass and individual consciousness, and from this point of view, this again emphasizes topicality of ethnical identity comprehensive problematics study.

4

Authors: K.R .Kaitmazova, A.N. Caberti

The detailed classification of migration is analyzed, also a conclusion is drawn according to the fact that migration contributes to the development of the population of countries and regions, appearing to be a driving force and an important factor of globalization in the XXI century. Russia, also as other countries, strongly depends on migration: future of the Russian Federation depends on the fact how socially-spiritual community of Russian people will change, and also culture and values of people. It is clear that the main reasons of external migration to our country are considered to be safe environment searching and large economic security. However without creation of strong innovatively-oriented economy, the flow of low-skilled and undereducated migrators will prevail in Russia.

4

Authors: E.E. Khachaturova, Z.E. Kisiev

The conclusion that the attraction of foreign labor force is the most promising direction of operation and further development of the Russian labor market is justified in the article basing on the analysis of statistical data. However, the authors consider that it is necessary to establish tighter control over the laws observance of the Russian Federation not only on the part of immigrants, but mainly on the part of employers. Labor power immigration appears to be the most prospective trend for Russian modern labor market. However, more tough control for RF law observance not only from the side of immigrants, but mainly also from the side of employers should be set.

4

Authors: A.I. Pozmogov, Z.E. Kisiev

The article shows that international labor migration is an important part of the internationalization process of international economic life. So, the migration processes of the population should be carefully monitored and analyzed in order to develop effective state migration policy. Population mass migration became one of the characteristic phenomena of the second part of XX century world society life. Labor power international migration from this time appears to be the important part of international business life within internationalization process. Labor potential, being the most important production factor, searches its most effective use not only within national economy, but also on international economy scales.

5

Authors: N.G. Caberti, A.N. Caberti

Migration processes in the origin and destination locations have different impacts in scale and nature, not only because of their volume, but depending on the specific structure. It is considered various structural aspects of migration flows of North Ossetia-Alania Republic. Statistic analysis of scale and directions of migration flows is one of the stages of regional migration policy development. At the next stage it is necessary to study the factors and reasons that precondition direction and intensity of migration flows.

5

Authors: A.Sh. Begieva, S.F. Dzagoev

It is reasoned that the high unemployment, especially among the young population of the North Caucasus is the main factor of migration to the central regions of Russia. Unemployment social costs are connected, first of all, with deprivation of professional and human communication, belonging to the general deal. Income is not just reward for labor, but also significant evidence of what people do. Work provides a special status, prestige and professional suitability. Besides, work mobilizes a person, creates conditions for the right living.

7

Authors: E.K. Sklyarova

The problems of migration during the period of urbanization in the first half of the XIX century in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland are considered in the context of its economic and demographic transformations. The migration was determined new socioeconomic, sanitary and national problems of the towns, and became the factor of Great Britain social policy rise. Thus, the social problems growth appeared to be the migration consequence in the urbanization period of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Migration, industrial revolution, urbanization, formation of United Kingdom, peculiarities of economic and religious development of Ireland raised a question in the government about tax assessment alteration and system of parish assistance. Poverty of rural districts, growth of the cities in the north of England conditioned rural population outflow (south of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales), necessity of parish assistance system alteration.

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Authors: E.E. Nesmeyanov, T.S. Olenich, S.A. Plotnikov

It has been considered peculiarities of traditional values formation of the youth within the context of their confessional identity to the Orthodox church. Within the research it has been known that ROC today is the core of spiritual life of society influencing the Russian image, its traditions and lifestyle. Russian Orthodox Church is authorative in society, takes a high position in social life, and Orthodoxy is the core of spiritual life in Russia. In the result of the social research it was proved that in South Russia (North Caucasus) Orthodox belivers become the dominating social group in advancing positive spiritual values.