Science almanac of Black sea region countries

4

Authors: Babakhova Lyudmila

In modern Russia the actuality of constant observation, evaluation and forecasting of interethnic and inter-confessional interaction is conditioned by modernization processes dynamism also including the spheres of ethnical and religious relations, despite of their existing inertial traditions potential. Ethno-confessional relations act as important constituents of the national security, as an ethnical so national factor often produce conflict and extremist moods. Not numerous theological community could play its positive role in conflict decreasing and conflicts precaution in the sphere of state-confessional relations, if state and religious organizations could see experts in theologians, whose conclusions are accepted in the quality of qualified recommendations, according to these or that social questions. Two normative documents activated theologians-experts function: Federal law of RF from 27 of July 2002 No 114-FL “About extremist activity opposition” and Order of Justice Department of RF from 18 of February 2009 № 53 “About state theological expertise”. The first according to religious organizations activity approved participation necessity of theologian specialist in materials expertise with extremism features, the second one - defined indispensable participation of scientists- theologians in activity of expert councils according to state religious expertise conducting under Justice Department of RF and its departments in the subjects of RF. The participation of theologians in forensic examinations appeared to be a momentous event for theological society. Firstly, religious organizations representatives showed interest to this society. It was expressed in that religious organizations attorneys, the literature of whom was admitted to be extremist, became looking for such experts among theologians, who could ably perform on the defense side. Thirdly, religious expertise educed collisions in religious materials estimation, connected with difference of religious discourse material and secular discourse of society law-enforcement system. Such-like collisions led to the law-enforcement practice advance. However preliminary examination from the religious community side is appeared to be more rational, than advance of normative acts in relation to religious unities activity in the wake of collisions appearing in law-enforcement practice. Theological expertise of legal norms, related to the religious unities activity, - is not the only sphere of state-confessional relations, where presence of theologians professional experience would be useful. Offers of physical and juridical persons act as religious expertise objects, besides the projects of regulatory act according to the questions of inter-confessional relations, containing in their appeals to the regulatory bodies, and also data of opinion polls and other monitoring events, mass media materials gathering according to the same questions. The role of religious expertise of such-like materials consists in clearing of their significance, and in a row of cases in - competence establishment from positions of religious discourse specificity, polyconfessional situation in secular (or post-secular) society.

4

Authors: Levshin Nikolay

Modern society is going through the era of total information. In this regard, the task of simplifying the identification of citizens will inevitably be reduced to the introduction of universal electronic media of personal data. The introduction of this transmitter makes it possible to read automatically passport data, providing a reduction in time and resources to fill a variety of receipts and other documents, and allowing to minimize the problem of queues. The introduction of the state of each of the new means of identification (such as a Taxpayer Identification Number - TIN) is accompanied by unrest among the Christian faith. These disturbances are due to misinterpretation of the Christian texts in which you can find a line of a certain number, the holders of which the mark is prepared to buy and sell. Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter - ROC) is trying to fight the spread of incorrect interpretations, explaining the historical tradition of identifying citizens of the state. However, we can not say that the above explanations significantly contribute to the reduction of mass unrest as the number of Christians who are familiar with the official position of the Russian Orthodox Church, is significantly inferior to the number of supporters of an incorrect interpretation. The above state of affairs is due to the fact that for the dissemination of incorrect interpretations of Christian texts actively used such technology for the mass dissemination of information as "spam". Which essentially boils down to the placement of the template information messages on pages in the Internet discussions, participation in which is available for distributors? This text replicated incorrect interpretation traditionally accompanied by criticism of the representatives of the current government (incriminating them in an effort to manipulate the citizens, through the implantation of control chips) or advertising services "orthodox lawyers" (as they call themselves), ready for a modest fee "to help the brothers in the faith" with registration of non-receipt of a universal electronic card. Thus, we can observe how the pseudo-Christian ideas used by representatives of the opposition political forces to provoke dissatisfaction current government, and enterprising lawyers - in order to expand its customer base. However, it is important to understand that regardless of the particular objectives pursued by distributors, replicated texts may cause an uncontrollable mass panic. This mass panic becomes an instrument of destabilization of public sentiment and, as a consequence, an artificial obstacle to socio-economic development of modern Russia.

5

Authors: Yurchenko Inna

An attempt to prove dependence of national security protection problem solution of Russian state from the ethnocultural character factors influence with consideration of Black Sea region specificity is undertaken in the article. New geopolitical challenges are analyzed in the context of Crimea and Russia reunion and the new united South Federal district formation, problems of ethnocultural identities politicization, phenomena emersion of “hybrid wars” (“wars for identity, wars of memory” and etc.) Ethnocultural factors of the Black Sea region development, where socially-political processes are developed under the constant influence of globalization risks, situated under careful attention of the South scientific centre researchers RAS, about what empirical data of sociological monitoring, various proprietary materials and other actual information, received in the consequence of expeditions can speak. In the context of the Black Sea region geopolitics always represents extremely significant strategic centre. Unstable and various migration directions induce disbelief spread of an old population, anxious and uncertainty feeling in preservation of existing economic and sociocultural order, customs and traditions. Cultural, language, confessional mosaic of polytechnic polysynthetic society requires rational way searching of interethnic and inter-confessional conflicts prevention. Four subjects of the Federation can be referred to Russian Black Sea region: Krasnodar region, Republic of Crimea, Sevastopol city and the Republic of Adygeya. In the process of Crimea and Russia reunion the new phenomena appear in the political field of interaction in the areal of Black Sea region governments. The problems of ethnical, religious, linguistic, sociocultural mosaic, manifesting in a complex and conflict identity induce a special interest, and that is why an integrated situation analysis of ethnocultural factors of Russian Federation national security supplying at the regional level is required. Socially mutual relations between dominate ethnical groups and minorities can become strained in the result of informative-psychological technologies influence using in the context of Washington geopolitical appetencies, allotting itself a role of stability guarantee in the whole world. “Hybrid wars”, which are conducted against the row of states with a goal of separatism activation, radical nationalism, confrontation induction of ethnical groups for domination, are used on the basis of utmost “Russophobia” manifestation, radicalism and extremism at these territories. Danger decrease of Russian culture influence preserves in the separate regions of the Black Sea region, especially difficult integrated into the unite civilizational space of Russia. The real boundaries narrowing of Russian influence in the Black Sea in the post-Soviet period led to emergence of the new challenges and threats for the regional security, that required to produce tactics of effective response to arising situations, and introduction of serious additions and corrections to the political strategy of Russian state, rejection from stereotypes in interaction with political players. It is necessary to speak about other threats and challenges of internal and external character for national security of modern Russian state in the Black Sea region that actualizes a systemic situational political analysis and conflictological expertise of the Black Sea region development.

5

Authors: Akaev Vakhit

Caucasus occupies special place in the Eurasian region - a unique geographical, ethno-political, ethno-cultural education. Even in ancient times through the Caucasus various trade routes moved from nomadic conquerors, here rushed brave heroes for adventure and peaceful travelers. It is a place of extraordinary accumulations of peoples, tribes, with their amazing culture, historical events and grandiose battles. Particular attention is paid to the various problems of the cultural and social life of the North Caucasus people. It is noted that the current Russian political elite does not realize enough advantage of the host of the North Caucasus as a part of the country's total population. There are no close economic and cultural ties with the peoples of the South Caucasus, the system successfully overcome the inter-state and inter-ethnic conflicts. Its usage is not enough, developed in the past and diffuse lingering in this educational, scientific and cultural and economic ties between universities, research centers, theaters, businesses and so on. At deficiency of these relationships are targeted intellectuals, youth, political elites in the anti-Russian political and military blocs, transnational corporations. One of the issues pointed out in the given article is the problem of migration. In particular, it is noted that all kinds of speculation of some researchers about the "internal migration", "aliens" from the North Caucasus are counterproductive, they are directed against the region's ethnic and cultural diversity, unity of its folk, as well as a whole Russia. Unfortunately such statements do not determine the strategy of strengthening of interethnic relations in the country, but only a superficial solution to the existing problems in this area. The challenge is to identify the deeper social and economic base of solutions to these problems and to suggest ways of their successful solution. Only in this case it is possible the successful development of the North Caucasus and to strengthen their unity.

6

Authors: Avksentiev Victor

In the last quarter of century, ethno-cultural and ethno-religious problems and conflicts are widely used in international politics as an instrument of conflict and mobilize the basis for interference in the internal affairs of different States. This resource is used by all the players, beginning from small ethnic groups that appeal to major geopolitical players to get support to the leading world and regional powers. Azov-Caspian-Black Sea region, with its complex ethnic and confessional structure falls under the concept of "geopolitical axis" (Zbigniew Brzezinski), and this gives grounds for predicting long-term instability in the region in terms of the geopolitical reconfiguration of the world began. The main emphasis is on prevention in the Azov-Black Sea Region, Caspian integrative project under the aegis of Russia. Tracks the performance in the ethno-political and religious sphere, this is the target, which will aim at Russia's geopolitical opponents. As a result of active management actions after the creation of the North Caucasus Federal District of the situation in southern Russia has stabilized. However, it was not possible to reverse the economic situation in the North Caucasus, although official figures show a slight improvement in employment. The economic picture in the republics of the North Caucasus although complicated, but in many ways not the worst in the country, however, this region is a resource for the underground bands in Russia and the Middle East. The solution of this problem should be reducing tension, re-industrialization and modernization. The problem is not only poverty and unemployment, but also difficulties in realization of life strategies. Despite numerous attempts to develop small and medium businesses, also it’s still difficult to open and maintain its productivity. As a result, people feel deprivation, a sense of injustice. Especially young people tend to experience such kind of emotions. Young people trying to build a life strategies, understand how it’s difficult or almost impossible to make legally using socially acceptable methods in conditions of corruption, the inefficiency of the authorities and the sprawling atnolinguist. People feel disbelief in government's ability to counter the negative trends. Radical Islam offers an alternative living arrangement. Today the greatt problem - is a social layer militants sympathizers, many of whom are educated in the new religiosity of young people. Social network analysis shows how Islamic religious rhetoric captivated young people. This passion religion skillfully used recruiters, promising a fair society based on Islamic principles. In the south of Russia there was a significant socio-cultural split between "ethnic Russian" and "ethnically non-Russian" territories. "Russian" territory is a modernized territory and non-Russians - is the territory of archaism. South of Russia has become a regional manifestation of the clash of civilizations through the "modernity - tradition." Unresolved problems accumulate and in interethnic and interconfessional relations serve as an internal basis for the instability in the Russian Azov-Black Sea region and the Caspian region, "bait" for geopolitical players. Ethnicity and religion in the XXI century, are the main factors of the conflict and the mobilization of the most important geopolitical tool in the southern macro-region.

7

Authors: Dontsova Maria

The researchers have presented the analysis of the potential protest of the Black Sea area in the background of the development of a new electoral cycle between 2016-2018. The analysis shows that in Russia as a whole (according to the expert opinion) protest activity will increase. Protests related to the elections in Russia (the State Duma elections of the President), as well as the dissatisfaction of the population a significant reduction in quality of life, will wear, as opposed to the "Marsh" protest movement 2011-2013 a regional rather than nationwide character. The article shows the feature of the Black Sea area as a multi-ethnic, cross-border and strategically significant macro-analyze possible risks associated with the onset and development of a new electoral cycle. It is shown that the main threat to the stability of the macro-region in the development of the electoral situation is extremist movements, "playing" in the ethnic conflicts that, in relation to all the growing influx of migrants to the region, have considerable potential for conflict. As the factual data are the results of sociological research, conducted in the Krasnodar region in June 2016 and aimed at the study of the socio-economic situation of residents of the province, inter-ethnic situation and measurement of potential protest in the region. In the frame of research in the article there have been discussed the following areas of analysis: assessment of the level of inter-ethnic tensions in the Krasnodar region, related to the migration policy, the level of life of the inhabitants of the region, assessment of the potential for protest and a description of the socio-demographic parameters, method of binary logistic regression was used to assess the significance of protest activity factors. Analysis of data from empirical research was made the general conclusion that the Krasnodar Territory does not stand out from the average indicators for the level of protest potential. The tendency of the population to the manifestation of protest activity in the region is due not so much socio-demographic factors, as personal security factors, for example fear of life and social well-being.