Science almanac of Black sea region countries

5

Authors: Filatov Anton

The urgent problem of water objects monitoring is considered.Since providing the population with quality drinking water is one of the most important factors of health pro-tection, the automated information system for state monitoring of water objects of the Russian Federation, developed in the North Caucasus branch of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Integrated Use and Protection Water resources, has a great scientific and practical value both for monitoring and management of water bodies, and in general for nature protection and human health. The primary information obtained in the result of water bodies and their water protection zones observations and then coming from various water user organizations in accordance with the approved regular observations program form a significant data set, which is the basis of the established unified information base using AIS SMWO. The water body observations program is a list of mandatory actions for the selection and analysis of samples in the water area used by the water user. The owners of water bodies and water users should deliver an annual report on the observations, which indicates the morphometric characteristics of water bodies, and the state of ecosystems of water protection zones and erosion processes, and also the degree of anthropogenic pressure on water bodies. The article describes in detail the forms of relevant information submissionfor the given base formation by water users, the list of indicators for which is determined by the corresponding Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.

6

Authors: Vigel Narine, Zholobova Irina

The current socially-political situation induced the representatives of various knowledge spheres to pay a special attention to customs, manners and traditions of North Caucasus people, to peculiarities of their spirituality and culture. The significant interest to mythology, religion, epos and intercultural interaction of various ethnical communities is connected not only with a demand in the culture dialogue, in contact points establishment in modern society multicultural space, but also with necessity of foundations search for spiritual and moral upbringing of the rising generation. Oral poetical creation is a unique and rich source of cultural self-determination. Study of epical heritage is a significant constituent of upbringing in the spirit of regardful and tolerant attitude, opposition to nationalism and xenophobia in multinational government. Narts heroic epos, to analysis of which a lot of scientific works of various knowledge spheres specialists are dedicated to (ethnographers, philologists, culturologists, philosophers and sociologists) is considered to be the fundamen-tal monument of oral folk art in the North Caucasus.Heroic epos “Narts”, referred to culturally-historical herit-age of Adygea inhabitants, as the brightest phenomenon of their spiritual culture, gives possibility to come to consideration of ethno-specific values and ideals, allowing to speak about hero phenomenon, whose super-temporal and supracultural character is incontestable. An epic hero, being the bearer of a row of qualities, separating him from the number of majority of qualities and characteristics, virtually, represents some “arche-type” – extra-significant suggestive image of cultural space. The actions performed by him are considered as heroic, and pass to the category of achievements, but locality and subjects, connected with them acquire a ritual, sacred character. The epos “Narts”, ancient monument of Adygea culture, defined heroic-epical tradi-tions of Adygea people, the hero has those features, which are the most valuable, ethno-specific and allow him to survive in the mountain severe conditions. At the same time a lot of them are considered to be universal, generally-cultural and socially-significant, especially in the modern society. The question is about such moral qualities, as humanity and honesty. Nart epos also reflects specific peculiarities of a genuine “Nart person”, as a warrior, possessing several languages, honest, smart and sagacious, knowing enough infor-mation about traditions and way of life of neighboring people, hospitable, capable to estimate and admit ad-vantages of any person even an enemy. Mainly these moral traditions comprise that valuable basis, which allows speaking about traditional culture of Adygeya people, reproduction of archaic values in modernity, about upbringing bases in this culture and that spiritually-moral potential, which it bears in itself.

6

Authors: Kharitonov Grigory

There are objectively contradictions between the countries in the field of use and protection of the water resources of river basins belonging to their territory in the basins of Transboundary Rivers. This creates problems in interstate relations, not contributing to economically efficient and environmentally sustainable water consumption. This situation requires the search for objective criteria for assessing the situation and methods for reaching a compromise solution arranging the stakeholders. Lots depend on the economic level development of the contracting parties and diplomacy. Sometimes one state can yield some of its rights to water resources in exchange for any other economic or political benefits. For the implementation of agreements the Member States create joint commissions for the management of transboundary water bodies. Their decisions have legal force and are binding for the participants, but the agreements usually do not describe the mechanisms of impact in the event of their non-fulfillment. This is due to a considerable extent to the lack of established rules for the use of transboundary water bodies, as well as the inevitable measures of liability for their violation. It is considered that participation in international agreements on the use of transboundary water bodies is a good will of the countries. Conflict situations, related to water consumption, are dominant on the prevalence. One of the reasons for their occurrence is the unequal position of countries in relation to the areas of water formation and decrement.As a rule, the development of coordinated strategies for the use of the resources of transboundary water bodies and the resolution of their conflict situations are achieved through lengthy negotiations and consultations with experts. At the same time each party advocates first of all the interests, using all possible methods including any pressure for justification of the position. In cases where the understanding of the community of interests comes to the forefront, significant results can be achieved.For the purpose of settlement of the water relations on the cross-border rivers on October 19, 1992 in Kiev the Agreement between the Governments of Russia and Ukraine on sharing and protection of cross-border water objects which determined the basic principles of sharing of waters, coherences of water management actionsimplementation, the organizations of observations of a condition of a surface water was signed.The representative of Ukraine cabinet council for implementation of the agreement is the chairman of the Ukraine Statewateragency, the Representative of the Government of the Russian Federation – the head of Federal Agency for Water Resources of the Russian Federation; Deputy Representatives for implementation of the agreement in the basin of the river the Seversky Donets: From the Ukrainian side is the head of the Seversky-Donetsk basin water resources management, with the Russian side is the head of the Don basin water management. Regulatory documents have been developed for the implementation of the intergovernmental agreement: The order of works organization on water resources management in the Seversky Donets River basin; The program of joint quality control of water for hydrochemical and toxicological indicators; The order of interaction in emergency situations on transboundary water bodies. Despite the strained political relations between Russia and Ukraine, a comprehensive solution of environmental and resource problems in the basins of transboundary rivers, implementation of multifaceted investment projects, the development of the scientific and technical base and training of personnel should become important factors for the sustainable development of these states, and the expansion of their integration cooperation.

6

Authors: Pustovaya Larisa, Borman Anna, Vatutin Zakhar, Khlebunov Sergey

The paper presents the research results of the territory contamination of the shooting and stand complex of the North Caucasus Military District Military Hunting Society, the interregional sports organization, operating in Rostov-on-Don since 1992.This object is identified as a source of contacting environment contamination with lead and its compounds, since the lead shot is used at the complex shooting areas. Series of soil samples were selected at different distances from the targets in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, taken from the surface layer to the depth of 10-15 cm. The acidity level was measured, in the aqueous extract, which on average had a pH value of ~ 7 corresponding to a neutral medium. Visually lead shot of various degradation degree is found in thesamples. 2,5 grams of lead were extracted mechanically from 1 kg of the composite sample, which significantly exceeds the established standard (0.032 g / kg). A qualitative chemical analysis of aqueous extract confirmed the presence of lead compounds.Quantitative chemical analysis of lead mobile acid-soluble forms was carried out by inversion voltammetry according to the procedure of MU 08-47 / 56 on the TA-Lab device in extracts obtained by treating the 1 M of soil sample with HNO3 solution. The average concentration of lead ions in the selected samples was 65 g / kg. Considering that apartment block is situated near the contaminated area, the necessity of its clearing from pollutant is evident. It was suggested to recultivate the top layer of the soil by removing it and complex processing, firstly by a physical method to extract metallic lead, and then by reagent to remove lead compounds. The composition and concentration of reagents depends on the type of soil and the level of its contamination with lead.

7

Authors: Mustafaeva Maida, Mustafaev Farid

The religious factor role in the space of Russian civilization is considered. Recently ethno-confessional factor began playing the significant role in the social and socially-political life not only of Russian people, but the whole world community. Islam plays primary importance in the national culture and national conscious-ness formation in the separate regions of the world owing to traditional spread of Islam. National and reli-gious concept in these regions represents in virtue of its historical specificity something united and indisso-luble. However, this unity acts in many cases in extremely contradictory form. On the one hand these reli-gions perform ethnoconsolidating function, providing ethnical and religious solidarity in the mentality and way of life,transmitting ethnical values and conserving them in the ethnospace of these or that people, and on the other hand – they may act as disintegration factor of some or other ethnos according to ethnoreligious bases and as a conductor of ideology, psychology and impatience culture in the society, provoking international disbelief and ethno-conflicts. Religion is a universal expression of socialdemand. It acts as a system-forming element of civilizational matrix. From this point of view the activation ofavailable in its basispositive potential of international solidarity is necessary. The actualization of general sociocultural bases of Russian society major confessions, distinctly seen in the context of their analysis as Abrahamic religions, is also necessary. The united patterns row of these Abrahamic religions (monotheism,transcendentalism, God personal under-standing, messianism idea and etc.), can become the basis for interethnoconfessional dialogue, necessary for positive international communication formation and opposition to extremist religious movements from the side of confessional institutes and interethnoconfessional unifications themselves.

8

Authors: Morgul Elena, Sklyarova Elena

For the first time, the history and comparative aspects of thebotanic gardens formation in Europe and Russia, as well as the contributions of reformers and scientists working in Botanic gardens and World Universities are considered. In different years, they made a significant contribution to the development of themankindviews on the ecology and flora of the various Black Sea arearegions. Botanic gardens, as centers of science and education, appeared in the Hellenism period. They were later transformed into various parks and museums, becoming the foundation of the universities formation, the development of pharmaceutical education, the preservation of the ecology and the fauna of the regions of the world. In the 18th century, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Odessa, as well as Crimea, became the center of the development of the Botanic Gardens of the Russian Empire. It has been shown that public figures from France, England, Sweden and Russia had made a significant contribution to the establishment and study of the Botanic Gardens. Special attention has been given to the formation of the Nikitsky Botanic garden in Crimea. Duke de Richelieu, graph M.S. Vorontsov, H.H. Steven, E. Wolf contributed to its creation. The organization of the Nikitsky Botanic Garden began with the annexation of Crimea to Russia during the era of Catherine II and Alexander I. Since the 19th century, Crimea has become a new center for the collection of ornamental and medicinal plants, viticulture, exemplary garden art and ecology. The centuries-old activities of the Nikitsky Botanic garden of Crimea became the basis for the exchange of experience in studying and preserving the flora of Southern Russia as well as other countries of the Black Sea region. It was noted that the Nikitsky Botanic Garden had received various diplomas and awards, both in the Russian Empire and after the October Revolution in the USSR.