The Animal Biology

9-16

Authors: Г. Я. Базака, В. Б. Духницький, В. Д. Іщенко

Neonicotinoids are the insecticides of systemic and contact-intestinal action with translaminar activity. In agriculture it is applied against sucking, leaf-eating insects and soil pests, treatments for vegetative crops and as seed disinfectants. For Neonicotinoids the action on the nervous system of pests is characteristic. Experiments were conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and the vivarium of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty of NULES of Ukraine. It was determined that the parameters of the acute toxicity of insecticides Mospilan, which has Acetamiprid as a main active ingredient in its composition, that belongs to a relatively new class of pesticides — Neonicotinoids. The experiments were carried out on white mice. Laboratory animals were housed in vivarium conditions. It was established that the toxic effects of Mospilan during intragastric administration to white mice is developed by action of the drug in doses of 500 mg/kg and above. Absolute lethal dose (DL 100 )=1000 mg/kg. Calculations were made to determine the median lethal dose DL 50 and intermediate doses DL 84 and DL 16 . To estimate the median lethal dose the G. Kerber method was used. Standard error of measurement (m) of the median lethal dose was calculated by the method of K. Miller and M. Teynter. Established, that the average of lethal of this drug was 656.25±80.10 mg/kg of body weight. According to the classification of chemicals relatively to the degree of hazard it belongs to the third class. In concordance with the classification of substances for toxicity it refers to low-toxic. For quantitative evaluation of skin-resorptive drug action a suspension of Mospilan with Dimethylsulfoxidum was used. Established that Mospilan in accordance with Hygienic classification of substances for skin-resorptive toxicity belongs to class III toxicity (DL 50 > 2000 mg/kg).

23-28

Authors: Т. Б. Васильєва, Г. А. Завірюха

In the prevention of colibacillosis of calves achieved some success, but the problem is still far from its full resolution. The results of the study of pathogenic and immunogenic properties of a strain of E. coli IBM-1 daly basis for the development of new drugs. The aim was to compare the immunogenic properties of the toxins of different strains of E. coli, to examine the ability of E. coli strain exotoxin IBM-1 cause an immune response and to investigate the state of natural resistance on indicators opsono-phagocytic reaction serum after immunization vaccine «Metakol». Infection was performed daily cultures of the respective strains to determine the lethal dose. Found that in comparison with other field strains of E. coli strain E. coli IBM-1 causes 100 % killing of laboratory animals after parenteral dosing LD 100 = 850 x 10 6 CFU/c 3 . Results from the study of immunogenic properties of the vaccine «Metakol» show that animals immunized with vaccine research groups comprising the E. coli strain IBM-1 with protection against colibacillosis by 70–80 %. Established that immunization of heifers before calving vaccine «Metakol» activates the process of phagocytosis by 7 % and its intensity by 6 % compared with unvaccinated livestock heifers. It was established that the drug has the ability to create specific immunity against other strains of E. coli, as well as a means for the prevention and treatment of colibacillosis of young animals. In the long term continuation of studies on the immunogenic properties of the vaccine strain of E. coli IBM-1 to create new products.

9-17

Authors: Айшпур О. Є.

With losses from infectious respiratory pathology almost all pig farms have problems regardless of amount of pigs and technologies of their growing. Differences show up only in the scales of disease and level of departure of pigs (death and force slaughter of piglets in periods of growing and fattening. Diseases of animals related to intensification of pork production widely widespread in the whole world and are principal reason of losses in a stock-raising. In the pig breeding the high level of production is arrived by the improvement of management methods. However, high level of the productivity connected first and foremost with maximal decline of pigs morbidity. Review the information in recent years in modern medical and veterinary mycoplasmology allows to conclude that the actual topic raised in veterinary science and practice. As our previous clinical and pathological observations and research in three pig complexes, respiratory diseases accounted for 44.3 % of the dead animals. Among them, pulmonary mycoplasmosis diagnosed in 39.8 %. The rest were manifestations haemophillosis polyserosit, actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, pasteurellosis streptococcosis and, partially, salmonellosis. This data confirms by Avramenko N. A., which in bacteriological examinations of pigs with lesions of the respiratory tract culture mycoplasmas allocated in the 26.0 % of cases. Mycoplasmas are the most unique group of small, pleomorphic, free-living, gram-negative microorganisms. They are widely distributed in nature. Microorganisms of the Mycoplasmataceae family can also be attributed to the agents that are quite often found in association with other microorganisms in various pathological processes in humans and animals. The results of diagnostic monitoring enzootic pneumonia in pig farms in Ukraine with different technology and power prove a significant spread of the disease and the need for its study.

26-34

Authors: Єршова Н. А., Шпакова Н. М., Орлова Н. В., Єршов С. С.

The paper is devoted to the studying of effect caused by representatives of some amphiphilic compounds on hypertonic cryohemolysis of erythrocytes of various mammalian species. There was comparatively studied sensitivity of human, equine, bovine and rabbit erythrocytes to the cooling in hypertonic media. It was shown that dependencies of hypertonic cryohemolysis for human and equine erythrocytes are characterized by unmonotonous manifesting in the presence of certain maximum (for human it is 1.2, for horse this is 1.4–1.6 mol/l of NaCl) with the following reduction of damage degree. Damage degree of bovine and rabbit erythrocytes decreases with saline concentration growth in the medium within all the studied concentration range (up to 2.2 mol/l of NaCl. The using of amphiphilic compounds enabled to establish their efficiency under hypertonic cryohemolysis of mammalian erythrocytes. It was shown that cationic trifluoperazine, anionic sodium decyl sulfate and nonionic dodecyl-β,D-maltoside decrease the resistance of mammalian erythrocytes to hypertonic hemolysis in 1.2 and 2.1 mol/l of NaCl. However in the latter case efficiency of all the studied amphiphilic compounds decreases manifesting in reduction of antihemolytic activity and the values of effective concentrations of substances. It reveals the invisible damages accumulating in membrane when increasing power of stress factor. Therefore reduction of hypertonic cryohemolysis level of human and equine erythrocytes in 2.1 mol/l of NaCl found with no amphiphilic properties is not real evidence of membrane state improvement. Herewith the revealed increasing of intracellular content of sodium cations of human erythrocytes in high-concentrated salines testifies to disordered barrier properties of erythrocyte membranes.

42-48

Authors: Леськів Х. Я., Гуфрій Д. Ф.

The aim of study was to investigate and analyze the dynamic parameters of the antioxidant system and the resistance of pigs, in nitrate-nitrite load. The experiment was conducted on pigs of large white breed three month old. The material for the study were blood samples. In the blood by known methods were defined: the total number of T-lymphocytes in general, phagocytic activity, the intensity of phagocytosis. In serum were investigated: the glutathione peroxidase activity, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, lysocym active of serum, the bactericidal activity of serum content of circulating immune complexes of high molecular weight. We found the antioxidant effect of Metifen which was feed at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg m.w. The positive effects of this remedy under antioxidant and immune system in nitrate loading has been established. In our studies it was shown by the growth performance of the level enzymatic antioxidant system namely, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase and increased resistance of the body piglets. Conduct of the study made it possible to further explore the impact of nitrates and nitrites in the body of pigs and make appropriate amendments to the concept of mechanisms of chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicity animals with regard to the status of the antioxidant system and the immune system.

56-65

Authors: Б. З. Ляврін, В. Я. Бияк, В. О. Хоменчук, В. З. Курант

Growth of human impacts on the aquatic environment exacerbates a problem of survival of organisms under stressful conditions of water environment. Such conditions created by the accumulation of toxic substances. Aquatic organisms has a lot ways of biochemical adaptation with varying degrees of difficulty. That allowing them successfully adapt to the actions of toxicants. One of these ways is the alteration of lipid metabolism. Therefore, important studying phospholipid composition of liver and gills tissues of fish taken from the water bodies with a different character of human impact. Found differences in the content of total lipids in the gills and liver of crucian carp and perch taken from different reservoirs. Phospholipid composition of cells of crucian carp and perch gills has a similar character in the interspecific comparison, which is typical for the non-specific storage of tissue lipids. However the phospholipid composition of cell membranes of crucian carp and perch liver characterized by distinct interspecies differences over the content of individual classes of phospholipids, which is probably due to flow characteristics physiological and biochemical processes in the liver cells of these types of fish. As each phospholipid involved in the implementation of the general functions of cells membranes, maintaining a constant composition provides optimum physical and chemical structure of membranes and their properties. Fluctuations in the structural lipids content play an important role in the adaptation. In addition, a high level of structural lipids provides stability (stabilization, compaction) of membranes to various environmental factors and provides normal operation of the built-in membrane proteins and receptors. These changes can also be seen as adaptive response and can be used as indicative in determining the condition of the habitat.

71-76

Authors: Г. В. Мерзлова

Biomass of Spirulina contains absolutely all substances that are necessary for normal functioning of animals. A number of special substances — bioprotektory, biocorrector and stimulators — not found in any of the product of natural origin. This causes the phenomenal properties of spirulina as food and health care product of a wide spectrum of action. Spirulina is a versatile bioprotektorom biocorrector and systemic effects. Spirulina using blue and green pigments, one of which is called Phykozyan (blue), and the second — chlorophyll (green), converts the radiant energy of the sun into the energy of chemical bonds to form complex organic substances from carbon dioxide and water. This synthetic process makes spirulina clean, simple, yet extremely high and complex valued food and feed additive. Photosynthesis of Spirulina, like all organisms fotoavtotrofnyh counts, so we conducted a study determining the chlorophyll content in the biomass of Spirulina platensis on exposure to different concentrations of zinc and cobalt in the nutrient medium. By the action of zinc in concentrations of 6.0 mg/l to 8 days to stimulate the synthesis of chlorophyll occurs, and a high dose of metal 12.0 mg/l and 24.6 mg/l after six days of cultivation leads to inhibition of the synthesis of chlorophyll. With increasing doses of cobalt in the nutrient medium of 0.68 mg/l to 7.0 mg/l set pattern of increase in the concentration of chlorophyll biomass in Spirulina platensis. By further increasing the dose of the metal in the nutrient medium, this pattern disappears.

86-92

Authors: Н. В. Насєдкіна, Д. Д. Остапів, І. М. Яремчук, С. Б. Корнят

Specific (acetylcholinesterase; AChE) and nonspecific (butyrylcholinesterase; nChE) cholinesterase activity and AChE isoform content in breeder sperm were studied. It is set, that boar sperm characterizes by low activity of AChE (16.3±1.44 nmol/min×mg protein) and nChE (6.0±0.94 nmol/min×mg protein), ram has a high values (67.7±3.21 and 25.0±2.05 nmol/min×mg protein), bull semen indicators occupy an intermediate position (AChE — 48.3±8.72 and nChE — 15.7±2.37 nmol/min×mg protein). It is found, that main part of AChE activity in breeder ejaculates falls on sperm plasma (59.5–81.6 %), and nChE — on bull and ram spermatozoa (74.8–93.6 %) and on sperm plasma — in boar (71.7 %). Bull and ram ejaculates characterizes by 5–6 main AChE isoforms and by 3–4 minor, and boar, correspondingly, 3–4 and 2–3. Quantitatively for boar ejaculates, as in plasma and bull sperm isoform content lowers with the speed migration increase of enzyme proteins in 7.5 % polyacrilamide gel. On the contrary, in bull sperm plasma and spermatozoa almost 1/3 of isoform content is AChE4 (29.3–34.1 %), lesser (10.3–18.0 %) — АChЕ3, АCЕ5 and АChЕ6 and the least is (1.9–6.6 %) АChЕ1, АChЕ2 and АChЕ7. Ram ejaculates and sperm plasma characterizes by higher content of АChЕ4 (30.9–33.1 %), lesser АChЕ5 (18.1–25.9) and the least — АChЕ7 (6.9–7.5 %). It was found that, AChE quantity and isoform content in sperm are caused by individual features, feeding and intensity of breeder usage.

101-111

Authors: Ситюк М. П.

The data on the monitoring of two isolates of Teschen disease virus in the territory of Ukraine: «Shevchenkovo-05» isolated in 2005 from sow pathological material with clinical signs of disease and «Novoazovs'k 2013» isolated from wild boar killed in hunting season of 2013 year were presented in the title. The article described the clinical signs (fever up to 41,4 ˚ C, malaise, anorexia, discoordination, hyperesthesia, twitching muscles of the forelimbs, shortness of breath, cyanosis of the mucosa, ears and snout skin) and pathological manifestation (redness and swelling of the brain tissue, nasal septa cyanosis, overflow the bladder) in the course of Teschen disease in pigs. The data for the detection rating of the causative agent in biological material samples obtained from pigs (the brain tissue) and wild boar (rectal swabs specimens) were presented in the title. It was presented the peculiarities of the isolation of causative agent with using of the primary display test into the PK cell line by detecting apoptosis of the cells in the four consecutive passages. The identification of the virus isolates in virus-containing suspension threatened with chloroform were used for the determination of an infectious activity. In order to identify the Teschen disease virus and its antigenic affinity was performed with selected virus-containing culture medium by the terminal dilutions where the cytopathic effect of the virus was detected and it was performed the 3 (three) successive passages in SKES cell line culture. It was determined the terms of cytopathic effect manifestation and the antigenic activity of virus isolates. Using cross-neutralization tests it was determined the neutralization index and antigenic affinity index toward eschen disease virus reference strain «Perechynskyy 642». Using virologic and serologic tests it was determined that the isolates are derivates of Teschen disease virus.

119-126

Authors: В. Б. Тодорюк, В. М. Гунчак

The article presents the experimental results of studies on the pharmacological action of a new ferodextrans drug — ferrovit-7.5 % which in 1 ml of dextran is contained 75 mg of ferric iron, and ferosel-T, also 1 ml of whose, apart 75 mg of ferric iron additionally is contained 0.3 mg of selenium (in the form of sodium selenite) on the functional state of the liver of newborn piglets by the latent ferum deficiency anemia.The functional state of the liver was assessed by the protein synthesis function (the content of total protein and its fractions in the blood serum), the detoxification function (levels of urea and creatinine in the blood serum) and the excretory function (concentration of cholesterol and bilirubin). It is established that in the blood serum of piglets by latent ferum deficiency anemia in connection with age of animals, has decreased the content of total protein (p<0.01), levels of albumin and urea (p<0.01) and are showed the tendency to increase of bilirubin and lower cholesterol. When you apply of a new ferodextrans drug for the treatment of ferum deficiency anemia of piglets is increased the content of total protein and albumin in the blood serum of animals in all studied age categories of both experimental groups compared with control group counterparts, and more significantly — in piglets that received ferosel-T. At the same time, the use of T-ferosel has contributed to rising the activity of of enzyme systems that are involved in the synthesis of urea, as evidenced by significant (р<0.01) increase its content in the blood serum of 21- and 30-day old piglets, respectively, at 10.09 and 11.32 %. In studies which were held by us did not found significant changes contents of bilirubin in the serum of animals of experimental groups, which were injected drugs containing ferric, although it was slightly lower than the control. The 21-day old piglets of the second experimental group which were injected ferosel-T the level of bilirubin was significantly (p<0.01) lower than the index in pigs in the control group at 7.65 %. It is shown that in case ferum deficiency anemia of piglets the effectiveness of the drug ferosel-T with curative and the preventive purpose are higher than the drug ferrovet-7,5 % that is caused by aggregate action of Ferum and Selenium. It is shown that in case ferum deficiency anemia of piglets the effectiveness of the drug ferosel-T with curative and the preventive purpose are higher than the drug ferrovet-7,5% that is caused by aggregate action of Ferum and Selenium.

134-140

Authors: А. Я. Тучапська, О. М. Фріштак, Г. В. Качай

It is known that the growth rate of pond fish and their physiological state is largely dependent on the presence of natural food in diet that can significantly affect the body's metabolism. The share of natural food in the diet of carp fingerlings during the seasonal decline in forage base ponds can be increased by feeding of cultivated zooplankton. To elucidate the metabolic effects of increasing the content of natural food in the diet of carp fingerlings to the main systems of the body of fish, we studied haematological parameters of fingerlings, the composition of muscle tissue and activity of antioxidant defense system in the liver. In studies the fingerlings of scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with average weights 0.033–0.042 kg have been used. Elevated levels of natural food in the diet of carp fingerlings in experimental ponds have provided introductions a stock culture of crustaceans during filling the ponds and supplementary feeding of fish cultivated zooplankton during July and August. Studies have shown significantly higher levels of hemoglobin on 23.1–23.4 % (P<0.01) and hematocrit on 8.8–15.8 % (P<0.01) in carp fingerlings with increasing content of natural food in diet. Simultaneously, in the fingerlings from experimental ponds have noted a higher dry matter content in the muscles at 6.5–7.4 % (P<0.01) due to the increase of protein content on 5.5–6.9 % (P<0.01) and fat on 13.1–15.8 % (P<0.01). Enriching the diet of carp fingerlings natural food marginally contributed to an increase in activity of the antioxidant system in the liver, as evidenced by the lower activity of catalase and incredibly on 3.1–19.6 % higher SOD activity(superoxide dismutase). The level of lipid peroxidation products had a ignificant trend towards lower values on 2.2–8.3 %. Implemented activities have contributed to considerable increase the content of natural food in the diet of carp fingerlings, so fish productivity of experimental ponds has increased by 33.4–48.5% with savings of feed on 12.5–15.6 %.

150-156

Authors: Р. С. Федорук, Л. І. Романів

The results of research on the study of the influence of native soybean meal feeding with the addition of chromium chloride and citrate on the content of total lipids and their separate classes in honey bread and honeycomb (tongue) of honey bees are presented. The flour from native soy bean was used in feeding of bees of II experimental group in quantity 200 g/bee family/week adding previously dissolved in 50 ml of 60 % sugar syrup with chromium chloride in an amount of 7.7 mg, equivalent to 1.5 mg a pure chromium. Bees of III experimental group in addition to the same amount (200 g/bee family/week) of flour of soy bean of native varieties obtained dissolved in 50 ml of 60 % sugar syrup Chromium akvananocitrate in an amount of 0.2 ml, equivalent to 60 mcg of chromium. The experiment lasted 35 days with feeding intervals of 7 days. The study has not found significant differences of total lipids in bee bread only tendency to increase in II and III research group has been found in relation to the control group. However, the honeycomb (tongue) of III research group show the probable increase of the absolute content of total lipids, whereas in the experimental group II showed the tendency to increase of their level compared to the control. It is established that the relative content of individual classes of total lipids in bee bread of honeybees of I — control, II and III experimental groups characterized by the following ratio (%) of phospholipids — 18.95; 19.13; 22.34 (p<0.001); mono- and diacylglycerols — 17.08; 17.34; 16.54; free cholesterol — 16.25; 16.13; 15.59; NEFA — 6.48; 5.98; 6.35; triacylglycerols — 17.64; 17.93; 20.58 (p<0.01); esterified cholesterol — 23.59; 23.48; 18.59 (p<0.001). In the honeycomb (tongue) of II and III experimental groups compared to I — control, marked by more pronounced than in bread differences with respect to individual classes of lipids , including (%): phospholipids — 19.15; 16.85 (p<0.01); 20.13 (p<0.001); mono- and diacylglytserols — 11.98; 14.69 (p<0.001); 12.59; free cholesterol — 14.81; 15.53 (p<0.02); 15.76 (p<0.02); triacylglycerols — 15.89; 18.62 (p<0.01 ); esterified cholesterol — 25.02; 20.53 (p<0.001); 21.04 (p<0.001).

162-170

Authors: О. М. Щебентовська

Traditional methods of quality evaluation of meat raw material and meat products do not always allow evaluating muscle tissue state, its morphological peculiarities at constant influence of temperature, microorganisms, mechanical factors quickly and effectively. The development of new control methods will give an opportunity to obtain more detailed information about muscle tissue state and as a result to achieve higher quality of meat products. The article presents the results of histological, ultrastructural and physical changes of muscle fibres of broilers in 15 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours. It is proposed to investigate the speckle patterns of biological objects by the spatial-temporal speckle correlation technique. The experimental results allowing estimation of the temporal dynamics surfaces and subsurface layers muscles. In the process of autolysis in muscle tissue we can observe many physicochemical and biochemical processes that are the most visible during the first hours after slaughter. Ultrastructural tests of muscle tissue of broilers showed contraction of sarcomeres, loosening of mitochondrion cristas, nucleus deformation, reduction of nucleus chromatin level, ruptures and clefts of muscle tissues. These changes influenced the dynamics of biospeckles. At the presence of interaction of low-intensive lazer emanation from surface layers of muscle tissues, as a results of interference of light rays biospeckle fields were created, the activity coefficient change of which characterized biological processes observed at autolysis. The method of dimensional and time speckle-correlation showed the interconnection between structural and functional changes of muscle tissue of broilers and activity coefficient of speckles that correlated with destructive processes in muscle tissue.

9-20

Authors: Андрійчук А. В., Ткаченко Г. М., Кургалюк Н. М., Ткачова І. В., Вартовник М. С.

A physical exercise in athletic horses induces a series of normal physiological and biochemical adaptations. Eventing is a rigorous exercise challenge, similar to the human triathlon that tests the physical ability and skill of both horse and rider during three separate phases. In dressage, a standard set of movements is performed and awarded a subjective score. Cross-country jumping requires horses to jump over 35 to 40 obstacles covering 5 to 7 km of terrain within a limited time. For stadium jumping horses are jumped over 10 to 12 obstacles arranged in a course set in an enclosed arena. The aim of the current study was to determine the level of oxidative stress biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, carbonyl derivate of oxidatively modified protein), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, as well as lactate and pyruvate concentrations in sport horses involved in eventing before and after exercise. Our results suggest that exercise cause different consequences on oxidative stress biomarkers in the blood, plasma, and erythrocytes of horses. Exercise lead to significant increase TBARS level in the blood, while in erythrocytes and plasma does not. The significant increase of TBARS level in the blood is a result of exercise-induced oxidative stress. This difference in TBARS level between rest and training periods most likely is a consequence of differing levels of oxidative stress occurring in the tissues and the blood. Significant decreases in the aldehyde derivatives of protein oxidation in the plasma after the training was noted. Exercises can induce the activity of the proteasome complex, which is significantly involved in the degradation of oxidatively modified proteins. Thus, in our study, decrease of carbonyl derivatives in the plasma after the exercise is a result of exercise-induced adaptation. We found a significant decrease aminotransferases activity after training indicating about the high level of athletic horses’ performance. The preventive effect of regular training of eventing horses leads to adaptation to prolonged exercises, which accompanied by decrease of oxidative damage of protein in the plasma and increases resistance to oxidative stress. Significant increase of lactate concentration after the exercise indicates about the level of anaerobic glycolysis contribution to the total energy supply of muscle activity in horses involved in eventing.

35-41

Authors: Волощук В. М., Біндюг Д. О., Манюненко С. А.

It has been researched the quality of pig carcasses, chemical composition and the physico-chemical indexes of the meat and pork fat under conditions of different regimes of feeding young pigs of the Poltava Meat breed: normalized even (control) and the normalized uneven, rhythmically-oscillatory with a gradual change of the diet by weight on 20 %. It was determined that using oscillatory regime of feeding did not significantly affect on the slaughter indexes and the quality of slaughter products of fattened pigs. The morphological composition of pigs’ carcasses at different the different regimes their feeding was within the confines of physiological norm and doesn’t differ essentially between themselves. The number of meat, back fat and bones in carcasses of control and experimental pigs was 55.5 % and 56.4 %, 32.8 % and 32.9 %, 11.7 % and 10.7 % accordingly, that is typical for this age and genotype. It has been revealed the tendency to a change of some indexes of the meat quality at the oscillatory regime of feeding pigs: the increase of fat on 19.95 % and phosphorus on 11.76 %, at reducing the intensity of color on 15.06 % and also an active acidity on 0.72 %. Among indexes which characterize the quality of meat, are the most variable in experimental pigs were found out such: a number of fat and the losses at thermal its treatment. A total moisture in pigs’ fat of the control group was on 2.9 % less comparatively with received from animals of the experimental group, The temperature of melting it was lower in pigs in pigs of the control group on 2 C.

49-54

Authors: Головко А. М., Пінчук Н. Г., Дмитриєва Г. В.

In the article are expounded results of researches of sensitiveness of neat cultures of tests are to the wide spectrum of antimicrobial preparations, with the purpose of determination of their activity. The analysis of activity of antibiotics which are used in veterinary medicine is conducted, in accordance with standard standards, with the purpose of determination of the falsifyed preparations. The results of activity of benzilpenicilinu of different producers are resulted with the purpose of comparison of findings of not below of possible minimum indexes of activity. Analysis of international and domestic bases of these collections of cultures of tests, enabled to take away highly sensitive microorganisms for determination of activity of antimicrobial preparations. To carry out a selection, preliminary studying characteristic properties of cultures and their sensitiveness to the wide spectrum of antibiotics. By a disko-diffusion method and diffusion in an agar the results of researches are got in relation to the study of sensitiveness of cultures of tests of microorganisms to the different antimicrobial matters and the set of cultures of tests is formed for determination of activity of antibiotics by a microbiological method. From the results of researches the table of sensitiveness of cultures of tests is resulted to the minimum concentrations of basic standards of antibiotics of different groups, dividing into every culture which enables to compare the got results of the probed preparations on accordance of their activity of indicated in instruction of application. For today modern methods of determination of activity of antibiotics are practically inaccessible for the state laboratories of veterinary medicine of Ukraine, as need dear equipment and highly skilled specialists for the leadthrough of researches on him. Simple enough and by fasts in application, relatively inexpensive, highly sensitive and accessible for the state laboratories of veterinary medicine there are biological methods of control of quality of medical preparations.

63-89

Authors: Гопаненко О. О.

Aim of the study was to determine the level of cortisol and aldosterone depending on the content and fatty acid composition of esterified cholesterol in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis and with acute arginine pancreatitis corrected by linseen oil. The exploration conducted on male rabbits breed Gray Giant body weight 3.8–4.0 kg during 30 days. The material for the study were blood samples. Cortisol and aldosterone in plasma were determined by using imunoenzyme test systems company «Immunodiagnostic»(Germany). The concentrations of esterified cholesterol were determined in the blood plasma by chromatography in a thin layer of silica gel. Feeding with linseed oil in the diet of rabbits leads to an increased level of cortisol and aldosterone in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis. The content of esterified cholesterol increases in the blood plasma of rabbits with the above disease. Feeding with linseed oil leads to normalization of esterified cholesterol in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis. In the fatty acid composition of esterified cholesterol the relative level of saturated fatty acids with odd and even number of carbon atoms in the chain and monounsaturated fatty acids ω-7 and ω-9 families increases, but polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 and ω-6 families decreases in the blood plasma of rabbits with the above disease. In the fatty acid composition of esterified cholesterol in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis, corrected by linseen oil, relative amount of monounsaturated fatty acids ω-9 family decreases, but polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 family increases.

76-82

Authors: Зинов’єв С. Г.

Biotechnology projects have long crossed from scientific knowledge in the area of industrial and commercial use, and the achievements of genetic engineering used for the production and development of new varieties of plants and breeds of animals with a variety of new features that were absent in the parental forms. Many see genetic engineering means of solving global problems, primarily food and environmental. At the same time, in the world of science has accumulated a lot of evidence of the existence of potential and actual biological risks in the commercial use of transgenic plants. That is why the study of the effect of GM soy on blood biochemical status of the pigs as similar to the object model of the human body is important. Studies were conducted on the number of pig’s analogues of 24 heads (8 gilts and boars in group). In the diet of pigs included 10 % full fat extruded soybeans in the control group varieties «Vorskla» (without GMO) in the experimental (GMO, RR, GTS 40.3.2). An analysis of the data set as age-related changes of biochemical blood parameters of growing young pigs, and related to the use of GM soy in the diet. Putting 10 % of genetically modified soy in the diet of growing young pigs has significant effect (p=0.000025 and p=0.000017) on the increased activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the blood of 8-month-old pigs, as compared to 4-month animals (p=0.04) and compared with controls (p=0.01). This may indicate a negative influence of GM soy as the condition of the liver and myocardium. Other studied parameters in the control and experimental groups did not differ significantly pigs, and are found only age-related changes.

90-94

Authors: Кузьмінов О. Б.

2nd generation antihistamine — loratadine is producing by chemical and pharmaceutical companies in Ukraine, which causes the development of hygienic standard of acceptable content in the working area of industrial premises. Toxicity parameters of loratadine were determined on laboratory animals under conditions of acute and subchronic toxicological experiments. In studies were used non-linear white rats, white mices and rabbits. Loratadine was administered orally, intranasally, applied to the skin and mucous membranes Duration of acute experiments was 14 days, subchronic — 24 days. Revealed that loratadine is moderately hazardous substance. Median lethal doses for laboratory animals are 1980 mg/kg to 6150 mg/kg. Absolutely lethal dose of loratadine for rats is 10,000 mg/kg, for mices — 4000 mg/kg. Symptoms of a lesion central nervous system dominated in the clinical picture of acute poisoning. Death of animals stretched in time, comes from the first day of the experiment, and is caused by acute heart failure with pulmonary edema and hyperemia. In other internal organs found signs of acute circulatory failure. In animals, that survived, the general condition was normalized on the 4 th day. The is an insignificant risk of acute oral poisoning over calculated values. Skin-resorptive and local irritant effects in skin contact are absent. Loratadine has medium expressed locally irritant effect in contact with the mucous membranes of eyes. Under administration of increasing doses, loratadine shows strong cumulative activity with the development of the clinical picture of subchronic intoxication.

104-111

Authors: Лесик Я. В., Федорук Р. С., Кропивка С. Й., Долайчук О. П.

We investigated the effect of watering sulfate, sodium chloride and citrate Chrome on physiological and biochemical parameters of blood and semen quality of rabbits-sires. We determined the morphological and biochemical characteristics of blood cells, the contents of individual monosaccharides of glycoprotein’s and their carbohydrate components of lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and qualitative characteristics of semen of rabbits. Research conducted on males sire rabbits divided into three groups. Control group received a balanced granular feed and water without restriction. Research and in addition to the standard diet consumed sodium sulfate at the rate of 400 mg/kg body, 0.05 g S/kg body weight and chromium as CrCl 3 x 6H 2 O, in the amount of 7 μg per kg body weight. The Study II additionally received sodium sulfate at the rate of 400 mg/kg body weight and Chromium citrate in an amount of 2–3 μg Cr per kg of body weight produced using nanotechnology. Research has found that watering in the diet of rabbits, bulls additions of sodium sulfate, chloride and citrate Chrome for 73 days significantly affected higher number of white blood cells and red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in the blood of animals of experimental groups. Watering males rabbits mineral and organic chromium compounds increased the immunological reactivity of their body with an increase in blood levels of hexoses bound to proteins serohlykoids, haptoglobin, fucose, sialic acid and ceruloplasmin, but more pronounced biological effects of significant difference found for the experimental group and animals which received chromium chloride. The use of Sulfur and Chromium compounds contributed plausible reduction in their blood content of lipid peroxidation products and increased activity of antioxidant defense enzymes compared with control. Watering rabbits within 73 days of sodium sulfate and Chromium compounds reflected a positive effect on semen quality of rabbits, bulls research groups to improve its mobility by 3.0 and 5.0 % compared with the control group.

120-132

Authors: Паска М. З.

Meat productivity of cattle is formed by wide range of morphological, biological, physiological characteristics, which depend on the species, the genotype of animals, environmental conditions, type of higher nervous activity, diet and usefulness is measured by such indicators as the cost of feed per unit increase; body weight, absolute and relative growth rates, carcass yield, meat quality. Therefore, the study of biochemical processes in fattening bull-calves Polissya meat breed, depending on the type of higher nervous activity and the effect of feeding feed additive «Mikrolipovit» on the main indicators of metabolism and meat productivity is extremely important. Purpose — to examine the effect of feed additive «Mikrolipovit» on some indices of protein metabolism and main performance numbers of fattening bull-calves Polissya meat breed, depending on the type of higher nervous activity. The study was conducted at the Society with limited liability «Klen» Zhovkivskyi district, Lviv region on meat direct performance bull-calves of the initial and final fattening period at the age of 6–18 months. The types of higher nervous activity (HNA) in calves was determined using the outside the chamber method of making motor-food conditioned reflexes A. S. Makarova. Based on the investigations conditioned reflex activity formed four experimental groups of five animals most typical representatives of specific types of HNA in each. The first group animals were strong balanced mobile (SBM) type of HNA. The second group animals were strong unbalanced (SU) type of HNA. The third group were animals strong balanced inert (SBI) type of HNA. The fourth group was animals of weak type (W) of HNA. Animals of all groups received basic diet in which the part of the grain ration replace by 5 % of plant-vitamin and mineral supplement «Mikrolipovit». Performance study was performed at 6 and 18 months. To this end, in the morning before feeding blood were taken from the jugular vein. The blood activity measured aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlAT). Serum was determined: total protein — with biuret reagent, the ratio of protein fractions (%) by electrophoresis on plates with 7.5% polyacrylamide gel; glucose and urea sets of firms Lachema, Czech Republic; тotal lipid content was investigated on a spectrophotometer VSU 2-P pry wavelength of 680 nm. To study the effect of compounds of dietary supplements on the growth of animals determined by body weight, absolute, relative and average daily gain. The study of the chemical composition and biological value of meat carried by generally accepted research methods Established, that feeding a feed additive «Mikrolipovit» promotes increasing protein content in the serum of calves, increasing the relative proportion of albumin and growth albumin-globulin factor in calves of all types of HNA. The increase in the above parameters and urea indicates the enhancement of protein metabolism in calves, glucose, carbohydrate metabolism and total lipids resulting in increased meat productivity, improved slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics. Based on the data content and the ratio of essential nutrients, biological value of meat its technological properties must be concluded that the meat of calves of different types of higher nervous activity, characterized by optimum chemical composition and high usefulness protein that is fully consistent needs of consumers. Maximizing productivity of fattening bull-calves, compared to other research groups, found in animals such as inert strong equilibrium type of higher nervous activity (3rd group).

140-147

Authors: Скляров П. М., Кошевой В. П., Федоренко С. Я.

The successful conduct of the livestock industry due to the need of regulation and correction of reproductive function of animals, resulting in search of modern, safe and practical methods of using hormones. In view of the developed and derived from plant material from vitamin-hormones preparations Kagadin and Karaphest that are part of a comprehensive program for prevention of perinatal pathology, introduction which provides an increase on 9.1 % in the number of animals with a satisfactory clinical condition and high development potential and a decrease on 10.1 % the number of animals with poor clinical condition and low development potential, particularly among lambs and goats respectively +11.0 % and +7.2 % and –13.3 % and –6.9 %. In addition, it was found to decrease the incidence on 9.1 % (on 11.9 % — among lambs, and on 6.4 % — among kids) and on 6.2 % mortality of animals (on 9.6 % and 2.9 % — among lambs, and kids), and reducing the duration of dilation of the cervix on 0.19 h (0.23 h — in sheep and 0.16 h — in goats), expulsion of the lamb — on 5.47 min (on 5.70 min — in sheep and 5.25 min — in goats) and expulsion of the afterbirth — on 4.01 min (on 5.46 min — in sheep and 2.56 min — in goats) and the number of animals of postnatal pathology — on 6.7 % (on 5.6 % — in sheep and 7.9 % — in goats). A program using vitamin-hormonal phytopreparations is effective at the level proposed earlier method of increasing the viability of newborn lambs and kids and prevention of pathological lambing in sheep and goats, which simplifies the method of oral drugs compared with intra–abdominal, and therefore it provides a wider practical use.

160-168

Authors: Федорук Р. С., Романів Л. І.

The effect of feeding with native soybean meal with addition of chromium chloride and citrate on lipid content and composition of the main factions in the tissues of head, thoracic and abdominal segments of a body of honeybees has been investigated. The study was conducted in the summer-autumn period on 3 groups of honeybees of Carpathian breed, 3 bee families in the each group. Bees of control (I) group held for standard conditions, utilizing their accumulated stocks of cerago. In feeding of bees of experimental group (II) 200 grams of native soybean meal with the addition of 7.7 mg chromium chloride, or 1.5 mg Cr (III) were used. Bees of experimental group (III) in addition to the same amount (200 g / bee families/ week) of native varieties of soybean meal received the addition of chromium citrate equivalent to 60 mg Cr3+. The experiment lasted 35 days with feeding intervals of 7 days. The control and experimental groups of bees, as bee farm were safe from infectious and parasitic diseases. At the final stage of feeding soybeans and chrome (Day 35) from each of beehive 30–35 bees were selected, of which tissue samples for biochemical studies were formed. In tissue samples of honey bees the content of total lipids and quantitive composition of individual fractions have been determined. The obtained results indicate a positive and of similar direction influence of native soybean ingredients and mix them with mineral and organic compounds of chromium added to it in different concentrations on the metabolism of total lipids and their individual classes in the tissues of different anatomical parts of the body of bees. The high biological influence of mineral (1.5 mg of Cr III) and organic (60 mg of Cr III) compounds on the relative content of individual lipid classes in the tissues of the head, chest and abdomen of bees of research groups has been established. The content of total lipids in these tissues remained unchanged at the level of control group.

174-182

Authors: Шевченко Є. А., Копилов К. В.

In article showed results of studies differentiation interline New Zealand White breed rabbits by C34T myostatin gene and G2464A progesterone receptor gene polymorphism. The highest frequency of allele C by myostatin gene had the offspring from male Emperor (0.551). The frequency of allele T in this sample was 0.449 respectively. For rabbits lines Bilash was observed higher values G allele of the progesterone receptor gene (0.488) due to the benefits of homozygous animals. Established distribution of the effective number of rabbits alleles (Ne) by polymorphic variants of the myostatin gene and progesterone receptor gene. Identify indicators of genetic diversity, analyzed genetic distance matrix and indices of relationship in the context of linear accessory studied animals. Proposed methodology for selection of different lines rabbits by polymorphic variants of the myostatin gene and breeding values according to the algorithms of the best unbiased linear prediction. According to the BLUP-evaluation of the New Zealand White breed rabbits of different genotypes progeny established that high index values were males of the line Nazar (+0.199), Baikal (+0.357) and Casper (+0.046). They answered the relative breeding value: 101.0 % 100.0 % and 100.5%, respectively. BLUP-analysis assessing the breeding value of the New Zealand White rabbits breed by reproductive traits daughters showed that a high index of BLUP had male Nazar (0.140) and lowest — Caesar (-0.035). Based on these studies suggested using of integral genomic and BLUP evaluation of rabbits, which is the basis for identifying the genetic potential of animals and forecast productive qualities offspring.